L’article présente les résultats d’une recherche commandée sur la question des usages du numérique dans la relation école-famille, en s’intéressant aux écoles primaires. Il s'intéresse notamment à ...l'expérimentation française du programme « Territoires Numériques Educatifs » visant à accompagner l'accélération du numérique dans les quartiers situés dans la « Politique de la Ville » afin de réduire les inégalités numériques. Le corpus est constitué des données d'une enquête de terrain menée en région Centre-Val-de-Loire entre février et juin 2022, principalement à partir d'entretiens collectifs et individuels auprès de professionnels des domaines de l'éducation, des activités sociales et éducatives, de la protection de l'enfance et de la protection de l'enfance. soutien parental. L'analyse des données met en évidence la dynamique de la mixité, qui repose sur l'engagement de plus d'une vingtaine de partenaires dans un territoire touché par les inégalités économiques et sociales. Les dynamiques observées illustrent les démarches d'un « territoire apprenant » autour des enjeux d'accompagnement de la parentalité numérique.
We find that the double‐difference relocated seismicity, which occurred over the last 30 years at Campi Flegrei, was triggered by the uprising of fluids preferentially concentrated along onshore and ...offshore NW striking preexisting caldera faults. Focal volumes of the 2005–2014 seismicity do not overlap that of the 1982–1984 period, when a major uplift of 1.8 m occurred in the central sector of the caldera. This indicates a transition from an elastic to a plastic behavior due to fluid saturation and heating of the rocks in the hydrothermal reservoir. The 2012–2014 deeper earthquakes are located in a low VP/VS zone at the western boundary of the hydrothermal reservoir, where a volume increase from a magmatic body at 3.5 km depth has been recognized. The progressive rheological change from elastic to plastic in the upper 4 km of the crust implies that a slow upward migration of magma may not necessarily be preceded by earthquakes or swarms.
Key Points
The 1982–2014 Campi Flegrei earthquakes relocated by double‐difference technique
Focal volume controlled by preexisting faults and rock physical properties
Slow‐speed magma ascent may not be preceded by earthquakes
There is today ample evidence that academic achievement depends on individual disparities in socioeconomic status (SES), working memory (WM) and academic self-concept (ASC). However, because these ...factors were investigated intensively but in separate fields of research in the past four to six decades, their relationships remain largely unknown. The present study investigated whether SES, WM and ASC interact with each other or represent independent contributions to academic achievement in 2379 adolescents in middle and high schools. The findings confirmed previous results showing that students with lower SES, lower WM and lower ASC perform less well on academic tests. Above all, they revealed subtle patterns of mediating processes. Specifically, individual differences in WM processing, and to a lesser extent in ASC, accounted for most part of the negative impact of low SES on academic achievement. These findings indicate that being a member of disadvantaged groups impair both WM processing and ASC and provide a clearer picture of the complex involvements of socioeconomic, cognitive and self-perception factors in academic achievement.
The causative source of the first damaging earthquake instrumentally recorded in the Island of Ischia, occurred on 21 August 2017, has been studied through a multiparametric geophysical approach. In ...order to investigate the source geometry and kinematics we exploit seismological, Global Positioning System, and Sentinel‐1 and COSMO‐SkyMed differential interferometric synthetic aperture radar coseismic measurements. Our results indicate that the retrieved solutions from the geodetic data modeling and the seismological data are plausible; in particular, the best fit solution consists of an E‐W striking, south dipping normal fault, with its center located at a depth of 800 m. Moreover, the retrieved causative fault is consistent with the rheological stratification of the crust in this zone. This study allows us to improve the knowledge of the volcano‐tectonic processes occurring on the Island, which is crucial for a better assessment of the seismic risk in the area.
Key Points
Investigation of the ground deformation and source geometry of the 2017 Ischia Island earthquake (Italy) is discussed
The available seismological, GPS, and DInSAR data permit to investigate the causative fault and define its geometry and kinematics
The results suggest that the rheology properties of the crust beneath the Ischia Island have an influence on the volcano‐tectonic processes
Abstract
We searched for shocked carbon chain chemistry (SCCC) sources with C
3
S abundances surpassing those of HC
5
N toward the dark cloud L1251, using the Effelsberg telescope at the
K
band ...(18–26 GHz). L1251-1 and L1251-3 are identified as the most promising SCCC sources. The two sources harbor young stellar objects. We conducted mapping observations toward L1251-A, the western tail of L1251, at
λ
∼ 3 mm with the Purple Mountain Observatory 13.7 m and the Nobeyama Radio Observatory 45 m telescopes in lines of C
2
H, N
2
H
+
, CS, HCO
+
, SO, HC
3
N, and C
18
O as well as in CO 3–2 using the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT). The spectral data were combined with archival data including Spitzer and Herschel continuum maps for further analysis. Filamentary substructures labeled as F1–F6 were extracted in L1251, with F1 being associated with L1251-A hosting L1251-1. The peak positions of dense gas traced by HCO
+
are misaligned relative to those of the dust clumps. Episodic outflows are common in this region. The twisted morphology of F1 and velocity distribution along L1251-A may originate from stellar feedback. SCCC in L1251-1 may have been caused by outflow activities originated from the infrared source IRS1. The signposts of ongoing SCCC and the broadened line widths of C
3
S and C
4
H in L1251-1 as well as the distribution of HC
3
N are also related to outflow activities in this region. L1251-1 (IRS1) together with the previously identified SCCC source IRS3 demonstrate that L1251-A is an excellent region to study SCCC.
Radiology as the base player Lastra Pino, N.; Puyalto de Pablo, P.
Radiología (English ed.),
July-August 2023, 2023 Jul-Aug, 2023-07-00, 20230701, Letnik:
65, Številka:
4
Journal Article
Acetalated dextran (Ac-DEX) is a tunable acid-labile biopolymer with facile synthesis, aptly designed for the formulation of microparticles for vaccines and immune modulation. Tunability of ...degradation is achieved based on the kinetics of reaction and the molecular weight of the parent dextran polymer. This tunability translated to differential rates of activation of CD8+ T cells in an in vitro ovalbumin model and illustrated that acid-labile polymer can activate CD8+ T cells at an increased rate compared to acid-insensitive polymers. In addition, Ac-DEX has been used to encapsulate small molecules, deliver nucleotides, transport inorganic molecules, formulate immune modulating therapies and vaccines, and trigger pH responsive constructs for therapy. Here we highlight the properties and results of Ac-DEX nano-/microparticles as well as the use of the polymer in other constructs and chemistries.
We present an automated method for mapping the b values. The algorithm is very simple and presents three advantages: (a) it does not requires any tuning of the parameters like, for instance, a fixed ...cell size or a maximum radius of the cell; (b) it implies a more appropriate use of the catalog, by using almost all the events in the catalog used (with a tolerance of 1%) with no overlap; (c) it implies the full independence of the b values, thus allowing the statistical comparison of the results using standard tests. Although the resulting b values are comparable with those obtained by applying the other methods of common use in seismology, these latter (a) leave out many earthquakes from the analysis, with loose of useful information, (b) produce diffuse cells overlapping aiming at reaching many cells of the grid in order to get the correct number of events in each cell, and (c) results in correlated b values, which do not allow the test of significance for the differences in the b values. Finally, due to the independence from any ad hoc a‐priori choice, our method is suitable for automatic and operator‐free procedures.
Plain Language Summary
The methods usually used in seismology for mapping the b value require the tuning of some parameters depending on the analyzed catalog. Here we propose a method that only implies the choice of the minimum number of earthquakes needed to obtain reliable b value estimates, which does not depend on the specific cases. Due to the mutual complete independence of the resulting b values, the proposed method allows the use of standard statistical tests to compare the results.
Key Points
b maps are evaluated for four different catalogues
The used method is an automated one not requiring any parameter tuning
The used method provides independent b value for each cell of the grid
FEF inactivation with improved optogenetic methods Acker, Leah; Pino, Erica N.; Boyden, Edward S. ...
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS,
11/2016, Letnik:
113, Številka:
46
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Optogenetic methods have been highly effective for suppressing neural activity and modulating behavior in rodents, but effects have been much smaller in primates, which have much larger brains. Here, ...we present a suite of technologies to use optogenetics effectively in primates and apply these tools to a classic question in oculomotor control. First, we measured light absorption and heat propagation in vivo, optimized the conditions for using the red-light–shifted halorhodopsin Jaws in primates, and developed a large-volume illuminator to maximize light delivery with minimal heating and tissue displacement. Together, these advances allowed for nearly universal neuronal inactivation across more than 10 mm³ of the cortex. Using these tools, we demonstrated large behavioral changes (i.e., up to several fold increases in error rate) with relatively low light power densities (≤100 mW/mm²) in the frontal eye field (FEF). Pharmacological inactivation studies have shown that the FEF is critical for executing saccades to remembered locations. FEF neurons increase their firing rate during the three epochs of the memory-guided saccade task: visual stimulus presentation, the delay interval, and motor preparation. It is unclear from earlier work, however, whether FEF activity during each epoch is necessary for memory-guided saccade execution. By harnessing the temporal specificity of optogenetics, we found that FEF contributes to memory-guided eye movements during every epoch of the memory-guided saccade task (the visual, delay, and motor periods).
In a recent paper, important issues were raised about the identification of the fault responsible for the 1908 Messina Straits earthquake. Starting with a reanalysis of the available original ...geodetic data, the authors aimed to demonstrate that both of the fault–plane orientations derived by the focal mechanism are compatible with the measurements. On these grounds, and based on geological considerations, they argued in favour of the Armo fault—a high-angled structure on the Calabrian side of the Messina Straits—as responsible for the 1908 earthquake. We indicate here that their analysis has some pitfalls that produce questionable results, and that render their conclusions unreliable. Moreover, especially when dealing with such old events and data, we consider that it is more prudent not to derive conclusions on the basis of a single data set, as all of the available information should be included in any interpretation. Indeed, when the joint results of the seismological and geodetic analyses are taken into account, a consistent and robust source model can be derived that indicates that a low-angle, east-dipping fault is the most likely source of this 1908 Messina Straits earthquake.
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