Antibiotic molecules have been reported among the xenobiotics present at trace levels in sewage treatment plant (STP) effluents and aquatic environment. Lincomycin, one of the most used in clinical ...practices whose presence in the STP effluents has been often documented, is submitted to an extensive investigation to assess its persistence in the environment and toxicity towards different algal strains. The possibility to remove the lincomycin from water by means of ozonation is demonstrated and a reduction of toxicity of ozonated solutions on
S. leopoliensis, with respect to untreated solutions containing this compound, is obtained even just for 1
h of treatment. Kinetic constants for the attack to lincomycin of ozone (from 1.53×10
5
M
−1
s
−1 at pH=3.0 and 4.93×10
5
M
−1
s
−1 at pH=6.7) and OH radicals (4.37×10
9
M
−1
s
−1 at pH=5.5 and 4.59×10
9
M
−1
s
−1 at pH=7.5) are also evaluated.
The impact of local contexts on populist voting patterns is receiving more attention, after being initially underestimated in the research literature. Populist support tends to be concentrated in ...areas ‘left behind’ or ‘that don’t matter’, but we still lack an accurate understanding of (1) the locations of these places within major cities and (2) what characteristics of urban contexts prompt the populist vote. We aim to bridge this gap by analysing precinct-level electoral results of populist parties within six major Italian cities over the 2013–2022 decade. Through novel maps of the within-city populist vote, we identify four types of urban environments: populist strongholds, emerging populist, sporadically populist and never-populist areas. We then investigate how two types of intra-urban factors – compositional and contextual – relate to the formation of populist strongholds and support for populist parties with distinct ideological profiles. The findings improve our comprehension of the urban ‘places of populism’ and highlight the need for the ‘left behind’ thesis to focus more fully on within-city patterns and divides.
Abstract
Introduction
Few data exist on the use of edoxaban in cancer-associated venous thromboembolism (VTE) outside of clinical trials. Aim of this study was to evaluate the characteristics and ...outcomes of these patients in a real world clinical setting.
Methods
We retrospectively analyzed the characteristics of patients with cancer-associated VTE who were prescribed edoxaban. Follow-up at 3, 6, and 12 months was performed: VTE recurrences, bleedings, mortality, cancer progression and treatment, edoxaban interruption and its reason were assessed.
Results
Fifty-four patients, 38 females (70.4%), mean age 71 ± 14 years, were enrolled. In 38 patients (70.4%), the episode of VTE was the first one, in 28 (51.8%) it was an isolated deep vein thrombosis (DVT), in 13 (24.1%) a pulmonary embolism (PE) associated with DVT, in 13 (24.1%) an isolated PE. Median time between cancer and VTE diagnosis was 6 (interquartile range IQR 2–47) months. Median time between VTE diagnosis and edoxaban prescription was 36 (IQR 7–117) days. At 3, 6, and 12 months the incidence of all-cause mortality was 16.6, 22.2, and 38.8%, that of VTE recurrence 1.8, 1.8, and 3.7%, and that of major bleeding 7.4, 9.2, and 12.9%, respectively. No bleeding was fatal. Of the 33 patients alive at 12 months, 32 (96.9%) were still on edoxaban therapy, in seven (21.2%) cancer was in progression.
Conclusion
Our study, conducted on a real world population of patients with cancer-associated VTE, confirms the results of randomized controlled clinical trials, and supports the use of edoxaban as effective and safe treatment in this context.
The Cyanidiales is a group of asexual, unicellular red algae, which thrive in acidic and high temperature conditions around hot springs. These unicellular taxa have a relatively simple morphology and ...are currently classified into three genera, Cyanidium, Cyanidioschyzon and Galdieria. Little is known, however, about the biodiversity of Cyanidiales, their population structure and their phylogenetic relationships. Here we used a taxonomically broadly sampled three‐gene data set of plastid sequences to infer a robust phylogenetic framework for the Cyanidiales. The phylogenetic analyses support the existence of at least four distinct Cyanidiales lineages: the Galdieria spp. lineage (excluding Galdieria maxima), the Cyanidium caldarium lineage, a novel monophyletic lineage of mesophilic Cyanidium spp. and the Cyanidioschyzon merolae plus Galdieria maxima lineage. Our analyses do not support the notion of a mesophilic ancestry of the Cyanidiales and suggest that these algae were ancestrally thermo‐acidotolerant. We also used environmental polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the rbcL gene to sample Cyanidiales biodiversity at five ecologically distinct sites at Pisciarelli in the Phlegrean Fields in Italy. This analysis showed a high level of sequence divergence among Cyanidiales species and the partitioning of taxa based on environmental conditions. Our research revealed an unexpected level of genetic diversity among Cyanidiales that revises current thinking about the phylogeny and biodiversity of this group. We predict that future environmental PCR studies will significantly augment known biodiversity that we have discovered and demonstrate the Cyanidiales to be a species‐rich branch of red algal evolution.
The toxic effects of Triclosan (2,4,4′-trichloro-2′-hydroxydiphenyl ether) on morphology and sexual and asexual reproduction of
C.
ehrenbergii were examined. In addition, the genotoxic effects of ...Triclosan were evaluated on the same alga using the microgel electrophoresis test, also-called Comet assay. Increasing Triclosan concentrations in the range 0.125–5
mg
L
−1 did not affect size and shape of the cells but had relevant effects on both chloroplast morphology and dimension. Triclosan inhibited the vegetative growth of
C. ehrenbergii at 0.5
mg
L
−1. The effects on sexual reproduction indicate that the number of
C.
ehrenbergii zygospores was significantly reduced by the application of 0.937
mg
L
−1. The Comet assay showed that Triclosan treatments led to a dose-dependent DNA damage of
C.
ehrenbergii; 0.25
mg
L
−1caused significant genotoxic effects and higher concentrations irreversibly altered the DNA strands. These results suggest that
C.
ehrenbergii could represent a useful organism to evaluate the whole toxicity of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs), giving valuable information for a risk assessment.
This study aims to evaluate the activity of Italian vulnerary plants against the most important oral pathogenic bacteria. This estimate was accomplished through a fivefold process: (a) a review of ...ethnobotanical and microbiological data concerning the Italian vulnerary plants; (b) the development of a scoring system to rank the plants; (c) the comparative assessment of microbiological properties; (d) the assessment of potential cytotoxic effects on keratinocyte-like cells and gingival fibroblasts in culture by XTT cell viability assay; (e) clinical evaluation of the most suitable plant extract as antibacterial agent in a home-made mouthwash. The study assays hexane (H), ethanol (E), and water (W) extracts from 72 plants. The agar diffusion method was used to evaluate the activity against Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sobrinus, Lactobacillus casei, and Actinomyces viscosus. Twenty-two plants showed appreciable activity. The extracts showing the strongest antibacterial power were those from Cotinus coggygria Scop., Equisetum hyemale L., Helichrysum litoreum Guss, Juniperus communis L., and Phyllitis scolopendrium (L.) Newman subsp. scolopendrium. The potential cytotoxic effect of these extracts was assessed. On the basis of these observations, a mouth-rinse containing the ethanolic extract of H. litoreum has been tested in vivo, resulting in reduction of the salivary concentration of S. mutans.
Cyanidiales are unicellular extremophilic red algae that inhabit acidic and high temperature sites around hot springs and have also adapted to life in endolithic and interlithic habitats. Comparative ...genomic analysis of Cyanidioschyzon merolae and Galdieria sulphuraria predicts that the latter may be more broadly distributed in extreme environments because its genome contains membrane transporters involved in the uptake of reduced carbon compounds that are absent from C. merolae. Analysis of an endolithic site in the Phlegrean Fields near Naples, Italy is consistent with this prediction showing this population to be comprised solely of the newly described lineage Galdieria-B and C. merolae to be limited to humid habitats. Here, we conducted an environmental PCR survey of another extreme environment in Tuscany, Italy and contrasted Cyanidiales population structure at endolithic and interlithic habitats in Naples and Tuscany.
We find a second Galdieria lineage (Galdieria-A) in endolithic and interlithic habitats in Tuscany but surprisingly Cyanidium was also present at these sites. The photoautotrophic Cyanidium apparently survives below the rock surface where sufficient light is available for photosynthesis. C. merolae is absent from all endolithic and interlithic sites in Tuscany. Population genetic analyses of a partial calmodulin gene fragment suggest a recent establishment or recurrent gene flow between populations in Tuscany, whereas the highly structured Galdieria-B population in Naples likely originated from 2-3 founder events. We find evidence of several recombination events across the calmodulin gene, potentially indicating the presence of sexual reproduction in the Tuscany populations.
Our study provides important data regarding population structure in extreme endolithic environments and insights into how Cyanidiales may be established in and adapt to these hostile environments.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Abstract Environmental Protection Areas are legal provisions aiming at the preservation of natural resources through the maintenance of the ecosystem functions. This study aimed to characterize the ...changes on the land-use between 2002 and 2011, verify the implementation of these legal provisions on the Bebedouro Stream Watershed (Frutal, Minas Gerais), analyze the implications of changes in environmental laws and indicate management options for water resource conservation. For this work the following procedures were performed: land-use mapping of the watershed; investigation on the occupation of the Frutal region; survey of records about the rural properties and Environmental Protection Areas registered. The comparative study of the Bebedouro Stream watershed showed the replacement of large pasture areas by sugarcane plantation; insufficient area of legal provision for biodiversity conservation and increase in the riparian forest during the period studied. Concluding remarks suggest management options for the water uses of the analyzed watershed.
Resumen Las Áreas Protegidas son dispositivos legales que tienen como objetivo la conservación de las funciones ecosistémicas. El estudio tuvo como objetivo caracterizar o uso de la tierra entre 2002 y 2011, verificar la aplicación de estos dispositivos en la cuenca del Arroyo Bebedouro (Frutal, Minas Gerais), analizar las consecuencias de los cambios en la legislación ambiental y proponer sugerencias acerca de la conservación. Para esto se realizaron los siguientes procedimientos: mapeo de uso de la tierra; investigación sobre la ocupación regional; levantamiento de los registros de las propiedades rurales. El estudio, comparativo de la cuenca presentó cambio de considerable área de pastajes por caña de azúcar, un aumento en el área de vegetación ribereña durante el período de estudio, sin embargo son insuficientes las áreas para la protección de la biodiversidad. Las consideraciones finales se plantean opciones de manejo para el aprovechamiento de los recursos hídricos de la cuenca analizada.
Resumo Áreas de Preservação Permanente e Reserva Legal são dispositivos legais que visam a conservação dos recursos naturais pela manutenção das funções ecossistêmicas. O presente estudo teve como objetivo caracterizar alterações no uso da terra, entre os anos de 2002 e 2011, verificar a aplicação desses dispositivos na bacia hidrográfica do Córrego Bebedouro (Frutal, Minas Gerais), analisar as implicações decorrentes da alteração do Código Florestal, e propor sugestões para a conservação dos recursos hídricos. Para este trabalho, foram realizados os seguintes procedimentos: mapeamento do uso da terra na bacia hidrográfica; investigação sobre a ocupação da região; levantamento dos registros das propriedades rurais e Reserva Legal. O estudo comparativo da bacia apresentou a substituição de uma área considerável de pastagem por canavial, uma área insuficiente de Reserva Legal, e o aumento na área de vegetação ribeirinha no período estudado. As considerações finais sugerem opções de manejo para o aproveitamento dos recursos hídricos na bacia analisada.
Scenedesmus
is a genus of microalgae employed for several industrial uses. Industrial cultivations are performed in open ponds or in closed photobioreactors (PBRs). In the last years, a novel type of ...PBR based on immobilized microalgae has been developed termed porous substrate photobioreactors (PSBR) to achieve significant higher biomass density during cultivation in comparison to classical PBRs. This work presents a study of the growth of
Scenedesmus vacuolatus
in a Twin Layer System PSBR at different light intensities (600 μmol photons m
−2
s
−1
or 1000 μmol photons m
−2
s
−1
), different types and concentrations of the nitrogen sources (nitrate or urea), and at two CO
2
levels in the gas phase (2% or 0.04%
v
/v). The microalgal growth was followed by monitoring the attached biomass density as dry weight, the specific growth rate and pigment accumulation. The highest productivity (29 g m
−2
d
−1
) was observed at a light intensity of 600 μmol photons m
−2
s
−1
and 2% CO
2
. The types and concentrations of nitrogen sources did not influence the biomass productivity. Instead, the higher light intensity of 1000 μmol photons m
−2
s
−1
and an ambient CO
2
concentration (0.04%) resulted in a significant decrease of productivity to 18 and 10–12 g m
−2
d
−1
, respectively. When compared to the performance of similar cultivation systems (15–30 g m
−2
d
−1
), these results indicate that the Twin Layer cultivation System is a competitive technique for intensified microalgal cultivation in terms of productivity and, at the same time, biomass density.
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