A precise determination of absolute luminosity, using the bremsstrahlung process, at the future Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) will be very demanding, and its three major challenges are discussed ...herein. First, the bremsstrahlung rate suppression due to the so-called beam size effect has to be well controlled. Secondly, the impact of huge synchrotron radiation fluxes should be mitigated. Thirdly, enormous bremsstrahlung event rates, in excess of 10 GHz, have to be coped with. A basic layout of the luminosity measurement setup at the EIC, addressing these issues, is proposed, including preliminary detector technology choices. Finally, the uncertainties of three proposed methods are also discussed.
Novel considerations are presented on the physics, apparatus and accelerator designs for a future, luminous, energy frontier electron-hadron (
eh
) scattering experiment at the LHC in the thirties ...for which key physics topics and their relation to the hadron-hadron HL-LHC physics programme are discussed. Demands are derived set by these physics topics on the design of the LHeC detector, a corresponding update of which is described. Optimisations on the accelerator design, especially the interaction region (IR), are presented. Initial accelerator considerations indicate that a common IR is possible to be built which alternately could serve
eh
and
hh
collisions while other experiments would stay on
hh
in either condition. A forward-backward symmetrised option of the LHeC detector is sketched which would permit extending the LHeC physics programme to also include aspects of hadron-hadron physics. The vision of a joint
eh
and
hh
physics experiment is shown to open new prospects for solving fundamental problems of high energy heavy-ion physics including the partonic structure of nuclei and the emergence of hydrodynamics in quantum field theory while the genuine TeV scale DIS physics is of unprecedented rank.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Proton-nucleus (p+A) collisions have long been recognized as a crucial component of the physics program with nuclear beams at high energies, in particular for their reference role to interpret and ...understand nucleus-nucleus data as well as for their potential to elucidate the partonic structure of matter at low parton fractional momenta (small-x). Here, we summarize the main motivations that make a proton-nucleus run a decisive ingredient for a successful heavy-ion program at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and we present unique scientific opportunities arising from these collisions. We also review the status of ongoing discussions about operation plans for the p+A mode at the LHC.
Experimental results and simulations of Charge Collection Efficiency (CCE) of Current Injected Detectors (CIDs) are focused. CID is a concept where the current is limited by the space charge. The ...injected carriers will be trapped by the deep levels. This induces a stable electric field through the entire bulk regardless of the irradiation fluence the detector has been exposed. Our results show that the CCE of CIDs is about two times higher than of regular detectors when irradiated up to 1×10
16
cm
−2. The higher CCE is achieved already at −50
°C temperatures.
There are two key approaches in our CERN RD 39 Collaboration efforts to obtain ultra-radiation-hard Si detectors: (1) use of the charge/current injection to manipulate the detector internal electric ...field in such a way that it can be depleted at a modest bias voltage at cryogenic temperature range (⩽150
K), and (2) freezing out of the trapping centers that affects the CCE at cryogenic temperatures lower than that of the liquid nitrogen (LN
2) temperature.
In our first approach, we have developed the advanced radiation hard detectors using charge or current injection, the current injected diodes (CID). In a CID, the electric field is controlled by injected current, which is limited by the space charge, yielding a nearly uniform electric field in the detector, independent of the radiation fluence. In our second approach, we have developed models of radiation-induced trapping levels and the physics of their freezing out at cryogenic temperatures.
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