Background: The aim of this study was to investigate long-term survival, clinical status, and echocardiographic findings of patients with severe functional mitral regurgitation (FMR) undergoing ...MitraClip (MC) treatment and to explore the role of baseline features on outcome. Methods and Results: Randomized and observational studies of FMR patients undergoing MC treatment were collected to evaluate the overall survival, New York Heart Association (NYHA) class and echocardiographic changes after MC treatment. Baseline parameters associated with mortality and echocardiographic changes were also investigated. Across 23 studies enrolling 3,253 patients, the inhospital death rate was 2.31%, whereas the mortality rate was 5.37% at 1 month, 11.87% at 6 months, 18.47% at 1 year and 31.08% at 2 years. Mitral regurgitation Grade <3+ was observed in 92.76% patients at discharge and in 83.36% patients at follow-up. At follow-up, 76.63% of patients NYHA Class I–II and there were significant improvements in left ventricular (LV) volume, ejection fraction, and pulmonary pressure. Atrial fibrillation (AF) had a significant negative effect on 1-year survival (β=0.18±0.06; P=0.0047) and on the reduction in LV end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes (β=−1.05±0.47 P=0.0248 and β=−2.60±0.53 P=0.0024, respectively). Conclusions: MC results in durable reductions in mitral regurgitation associated with significant clinical and echocardiographic improvements in heart failure patients. AF negatively affects LV reverse remodeling and 1-year survival after MC treatment.
Objectives The purpose of this study was to determine clinical and echocardiographic correlates of acute heart failure, cardiogenic shock and in-hospital mortality in a large cohort of tako-tsubo ...cardiomyopathy (TTC) patients. Background Despite good long-term prognosis, life-threatening complications due to hemodynamic instability can occur early in TTC patients. Methods The study population consisted of 227 patients (66.2 ± 12.2 years of age; females, 90.3%) enrolled in the Tako-tsubo Italian Network, undergoing transthoracic two-dimensional echocardiography on admission and at short-term follow-up (4.3 4 to 6 weeks). Patients were divided into two groups according to the presence or absence of major adverse events, a composite of acute heart failure, cardiogenic shock, and in-hospital mortality. Results Major adverse events occurred in 59 patients (25.9%). The variables for elderly patients ≥75 years of age (42.4% vs. 23.8%; p = 0.011): left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (35.1 ± 5.9% vs. 38.4 ± 4.6%, p < 0.001), wall motion score index (1.9 ± 0.2 vs. 1.7 ± 0.2, p < 0.001), E/e′ ratio (13.5 ± 4.3 vs. 9.9 ± 3.3 where E/e′ is ratio of mitral E peak velocity and averaged e′ velocity, p < 0.001), LV outflow tract obstruction (23.7 vs. 8.9%, p = 0.006), pulmonary artery systolic pressure (47.4 ± 12.3 mm Hg vs. 38.0 ± 9.2 mm Hg; p < 0.001), right ventricular involvement (28.8 vs. 9.5%; p < 0.001), and reversible moderate-to-severe mitral regurgitation (49.1 vs. 11.9%; p < 0.001), were significantly different between groups and were associated with adverse events. At multivariate analysis, LV ejection fraction (HR: 0.92; 95% CI: 0.89 to 0.95; p < 0.001), E/e′ ratio (HR: 1.13; 95% CI: 1.02 to 1.24; p = 0.011), reversible moderate to severe mitral regurgitation (HR: 3.25; 95% CI: 1.16 to 9.10; p = 0.025), and age ≥75 years (HR: 2.81; 95% CI: 1.05 to 7.52; p = 0.039) were independent correlates of major adverse events. Conclusions Echocardiographic parameters provide additional information compared to other variables routinely used in clinical practice to identify patients at higher risk of hemodynamic deterioration and poor in-hospital outcome, allowing prompt institution of appropriate pharmacological treatment and adequate mechanical support.
In patients with Normal Glucose Tolerance (NGT) some causes of ischemic heart disease (IHD) were not completely investigated. The role both of metabolic milieu and adipokines in IHD progression was ...not fully investigated. Our aim was to assess the link between adipokines plasma levels, insulin resistance (IR) and IHD in NGT patients undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI).
AIRE is a single-center prospective longitudinal observational study investigating the IHD outcome of NGT subjects who underwent coronary revascularization by PCI in a third level cardiology center at A.O. dei Colli Hospital, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli". Six hundred seventy-nine subjects hospitalized in 2015 for coronary arteriography not suffering from Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) in the previous 4 weeks, as well as from all conditions could affect glycemic plasma levels and IR status, were assessed for eligibility. Fifty-four patients with neither history of diabetes nor Altered Fasting Glucose (AFG)/Impaired Fasting Glucose (IGT) after Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) were finally enrolled. Primary endpoint was the assessment of the relationship of adipokines and HOMA-IR with the occurrence of restenosis in NGT subjects. As secondary endpoint we assessed the association of the same adipokines and IR with overall ACS events after PCI in NGT subjects.
The 54 NGT patients enrolled were mainly males (85%), with a median age of 60 years IQR 58-63 years. Only 4 patients (7.4%) experimented restenosis. Median follow-up was equal to 29.5 months IQR 14.7-34 months. Adiponectin levels were independently associated to restenosis (OR 0.206; 95% CI 0.053-0.796; p = 0.000). Instead HOMA-IR and adiponectin appeared independently associated both to de novo IHD (OR 9.6*10
; 95% CI 3.026-3.08*10
; p = 0.042 and OR 0.206; 95% CI 0.053-0.796; p = 0.000, respectively) and overall new PCI (OR 1.5*10
; 95% CI 2.593-8.68*10
; p = 0.042 and OR 0.206; 95% CI 0.053-0.796; p = 0.000, respectively). Moreover, we fixed a potential cut-off for adiponectin for risk of restenosis (≤ 8.5 µg/mL) and overall new PCI (≤ 9.5 µg/mL).
IR and cytokines play a role in progression of any stage of IHD also in NGT subjects. Our results in this setting of patients, though the relatively small sample size, represent a novelty. Future studies on larger populations are needed to analyze more in depth adipokines and insulin resistance role on IHD progression in non-diabetic people.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Summary Background Thrombolysis remains the treatment of choice in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) when primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) cannot be done within 90 ...min. However, the best subsequent management of patients after thrombolytic therapy remains unclear. To assess the best management, we randomised patients with STEMI treated by thrombolysis and abciximab at a non-interventional hospital to immediate transfer for PCI, or to standard medical therapy with transfer for rescue angioplasty. Methods 600 patients aged 75 years or younger with one or more high-risk features (extensive ST-segment elevation, new-onset left bundle branch block, previous myocardial infarction, Killip class >2, or left ventricular ejection fraction ≤35%) in hospitals in France, Italy, and Poland were treated with half-dose reteplase, abciximab, heparin, and aspirin, and randomly assigned to immediate transfer to the nearest interventional centre for PCI, or to management in the local hospital with transfer only in case of persistent ST-segment elevation or clinical deterioration. The primary outcome was a composite of death, reinfarction, or refractory ischaemia at 30 days, and analysis was by intention to treat. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov , number 00220571. Findings Of the 299 patients assigned to immediate PCI, 289 (97·0%) underwent angiography, and 255 (85·6%) received PCI. Rescue PCI was done in 91 patients (30·3%) in the standard care/rescue PCI group. The primary outcome occurred in 13 patients (4·4%) in the immediate PCI group compared with 32 (10·7%) in the standard care/rescue PCI group (hazard ratio 0·40; 95% CI 0·21–0·76, log rank p=0·004). Major bleeding was seen in ten patients in the immediate group and seven in the standard care/rescue group (3·4% vs 2·3%, p=0·47). Strokes occurred in two patients in the immediate group and four in the standard care/rescue group (0·7% vs 1·3%, p=0·50). Interpretation Immediate transfer for PCI improves outcome in high-risk patients with STEMI treated at a non-interventional centre with half-dose reteplase and abciximab.
The investigators performed a network meta-analysis of randomized trials comparing the effectiveness of currently available strategies for the treatment of drug-eluting stent (DES) restenosis. ...Despite the widespread use of DES in patients who undergo percutaneous coronary intervention, the optimal treatment for DES restenosis remains poorly defined. A systematic search of electronic resources was performed. The primary end point was diameter stenosis at follow-up angiography. Seven trials were included, enrolling a total of 1,586 patients with 1,728 restenotic lesions. The following treatment options were found: balloon angioplasty (BA) in 343 patients (19.3%), iopromide-based paclitaxel-eluting balloons (PEB) in 343 (21.6%), sirolimus-eluting stents in 441 (27.8%), paclitaxel-eluting stents in 462 (29.1%), and everolimus-eluting stents in 34 (2.2%). Compared with BA, PEB (−17.74%, 95% credible interval CI −25.17% to −11.31%), everolimus-eluting stents (−14.93%, 95% CI −33.47% to 1.16%), paclitaxel-eluting stents (−15.3%, 95% CI −22.96% to −8.35%), and sirolimus-eluting stents (−11.08%, 95% CI −17.89% to −3.4%) had similar reductions in diameter stenosis at follow-up angiography. PEB (85%) and everolimus-eluting stents (68%) had the greatest probabilities for being the best treatment option. Furthermore, PEB were the best treatment in terms of late luminal loss (85%) and binary restenosis (85%). BA had the lowest efficacy with respect to all study end points. In conclusion, in patients with DES restenosis, repeat DES implantation and iopromide-based PEB are valid alternatives. However, PEB had greater angiographic efficacy and therefore should be considered the new benchmark comparator in the treatment of DES restenosis. The use of BA should be discouraged in patients with DES restenosis.
To evaluate the prognostic impact of diabetes mellitus (DM) in patients with Infective Endocarditis (IE).
375 patients with diagnosis of IE referred to our Hospital between 1994-2017 were ...retrospectively included; diabetes was reported in 129 (34.4%). Diabetic patients were older than non-diabetic (66±1 vs. 57±2 years, p<0.001) and showed a higher prevalence of comorbidities such as hypertension (75 vs. 54%, p<0.001), coronary artery disease (30 vs. 12%, p<0.001) and history of heart failure (HF; 24 vs. 13%, p = 0.021). Echocardiography showed a higher incidence of paravalvular complications (82 vs. 64%, p<0.001) and a lower left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF; 52±11 vs. 55±10%, p = 0.001) in diabetic than in non-diabetic patients. In-hospital mortality was higher in diabetic patients (83 vs. 74%; p = 0.030). At logistic regression, history of HF (OR = 3.1, 95%CI: 1.87-5.29, p<0.001) resulted an independent predictor of in-hospital death. At long-term follow-up median 24(7-84) months, the Kaplan-Meier analysis showed a significantly lower survival free from all-cause death in the group with diabetes (Log-rank<0.001). At the propensity score adjusted Cox multivariable analysis, DM (HR = 1.76, 95%CI: 1.18-2.6, p = 0.005), age (HR = 1.03, 95%CI: 1.02-1.05, p<0.001), intravenous drug users (HR = 5.42, 95%CI: 2.55-11.51, p<0.001) and low LVEF (HR = 0.98, 95%CI: 0.96-0.99, p = 0.013) were independently associated to a higher mortality.
In patients with IE, DM is associated to a higher prevalence of anatomic complications and a more impaired LVEF. Diabetic patients show a significantly lower survival both in hospital and during follow-up compared to the non-diabetic ones.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Transfemoral approach (TFA) remains the most common vascular access for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in many countries. However, in the last years several randomized trials compared ...transradial approach (TRA) with TFA in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS), but only few studies were powered to estimate rare events. The aim of the current study was to clarify whether TRA is superior to TFA approach in patients with ACS undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. A meta-analysis, meta-regression and trial sequential analysis of safety and efficacy of TRA in ACS setting was performed.
Medline, the Cochrane Library, Scopus, scientific session abstracts and relevant websites were searched. Data concerning the study design, patient characteristics, risk of bias, and outcomes were extracted. The primary endpoint was death. Secondary endpoints were: major bleeding and vascular complications. Outcomes were assessed within 30 days. Eleven randomized trials involving 9,202 patients were included. Compared with TFA, TRA significantly reduced the risk of death (odds ratio OR 0.70; 95% confidence interval CI, 0.53-0.94; p = 0.016), but this finding was not confirmed in trial sequential analysis, indicating that sufficient evidence had not been yet reached. Furthermore, TRA compared with TFA reduced the risk of major bleeding (OR 0.60; 95% CI, 0.41-0.88; p = 0.008) and vascular complications (OR 0.35; 95% CI, 0.28-0.46; p<0.001); these findings were supported by trial sequential analyses.
In patients with ACS undergoing PCI, a lower risk of death was observed with TRA. Nevertheless, the association between mortality and TRA in ACS setting should be interpreted with caution because it is based on insufficient evidence. However, because of the clinical relevance associated with major bleeding and vascular complications reduction, TRA should be recommended as first-choice vascular access in patients with ACS undergoing cardiac catheterization.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Background:Permanent polymer coatings on drug-eluting stents (DES) surface have been identified as triggers of adverse events following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). However, efficacy and ...safety data for the Nobori biolimus-eluting stent (BES), a biodegradable polymer DES, are limited, so the aim of this study was to evaluate clinical outcomes associated with the Nobori BES compared with permanent polymer DES in patients undergoing PCI.Methods and Results:Randomized trials comparing Nobori BES vs. other DES were included in the meta-analysis. The 12-month clinical endpoints were: target lesion revascularization (TLR), all-cause mortality, myocardial infarction (MI) and stent thrombosis (ST). Seven trials totaling 12,090 PCI patients met the inclusion criteria. Nobori BES vs. other DES had a comparable risk of TLR (odds ratio OR 0.94; 95% confidence interval CI, 0.66–1.34; P=0.74), mortality (OR 1.00; 95% CI, 0.78–1.28; P=0.98), MI (OR 1.10; 95% CI, 0.87–1.40; P=0.42) and definite/probable ST (OR 1.01; 95% CI, 0.45–2.25; P=0.99). Despite Nobori BES showing similar clinical results to sirolimus-, everolimus- and zotarolimus-eluting stents, it was superior to paclitaxel-eluting stents in reducing the risk of TLR (OR 0.31; 95% CI, 0.10–0.90; P=0.03)Conclusions:Nobori BES use is associated with a similar safety and efficacy as permanent polymer DES at 1-year follow-up, albeit it is superior to paclitaxel-eluting stents in terms of TLR. Long-term follow-up data are needed in order to establish whether polymer degradation related to Nobori BES implantation improves clinical outcomes. (Circ J 2014; 78: 1858–1866)
RATIONALE:Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are present in the systemic circulation and home to sites of ischemic injury where they promote neoangiogenesis. β2-Adrenergic receptor (β2AR) plays a ...critical role in vascular tone regulation and neoangiogenesis.
OBJECTIVE:We aimed to evaluate the role of β2AR on EPCs’ function.
METHODS AND RESULTS:We firstly performed in vitro analysis showing the expression of β2AR on EPCs. Stimulation of wild-type EPCs with β-agonist isoproterenol induced a significant increase of Flk-1 expression on EPCs as assessed by fluorescence-activated cell sorter. Moreover, β2AR stimulation induced a significant increase of cell proliferation, improved the EPCs migratory activity, and enhanced the EPCs’ ability to promote endothelial cell network formation in vitro. Then, we performed in vivo studies in animals model of hindlimb ischemia. Consistent with our in vitro results, in vivo EPCs’ treatment resulted in an improvement of impaired angiogenic phenotype in β2AR KO mice after induction of ischemia, whereas no significant amelioration was observed when β2AR knock out (KO) EPCs were injected. Indeed, wild-type–derived EPCs’ injection resulted in a significantly higher blood flow restoration in ischemic hindlimb and higher capillaries density at histological analysis as compared with not treated or β2AR KO EPC-treated mice.
CONCLUSIONS:The present study provides the first evidence that EPCs express a functional β2AR. Moreover, β2AR stimulation results in EPCs proliferation, migration, and differentiation, enhancing their angiogenic ability, both in vitro and in vivo, leading to an improved response to ischemic injury in animal models of hindlimb ischemia.
Smokers receiving clopidogrel show a lower residual platelet reactivity than non-smokers, a phenomenon generally ascribed to smoking-induced increased production of clopidogrel active metabolite, but ...also associated with the high hemoglobin levels of smokers, which decreases platelet reactivity in tests that measure platelet function in whole blood. We evaluated the impact of cigarette smoking and of hemoglobin levels on platelet reactivity index (PRI) measured by the vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein phosphorylation (VASP-P) assay in whole blood samples from patients with non-ST elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS) undergoing percutaneous coronary interventions, both before and after clopidogrel administration. PRI was measured in 718 clopidogrel-naïve NSTE-ACS patients, both before and 1 month after treatment with clopidogrel (75 mg daily). Smokers (n = 347, 48%) had significantly lower mean PRI levels at both baseline (57.7 ± 24.1 vs. 64.8 ± 19.8, p < 0.001) and 1 month (43.4 ± 20.3% vs. 46.8 ± 18.0%, p = 0.017) than non-smokers. After adjusting for potential confounders (age, sex, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, Syntax score>15), the β coefficient of smoke on PRI was -8.51 -11.90 to -5.11, p < 0.001 at baseline and -3.41 -6.30 to -0.51, p = 0.02 after 1 month. Hemoglobin was higher in smokers (13.8 ± 1.5 g/dL) than non-smokers (13.1 ± 1.7 g/dL, p < 0.001), but was not significantly correlated with PRI both at baseline (Rho = 0.02, p = 0.60) and at 1 month (Rho = 0.01, p = 0.80). Our analysis confirms that clopidogrel-treated smokers have lower platelet reactivity, measured by the VASP-P assay, compared to clopidogrel-treated non-smokers. However, smokers had lower platelet reactivity already before receiving clopidogrel treatment, suggesting that smoke affects platelet reactivity independently of its potential effect on the pharmacokinetics of clopidogrel. Our data also indicate that such an effect is not mediated by increased hemoglobin levels.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
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