The paper deals with ionization impact on efficient cleaning of air in a measuring chamber which has been cleaned and closed against any outer impacts (e.g. impurities, dust from another room, human ...odours). Smoking has an impact on the number of positive and negative ions including the concentration of particulate matter PM10. We investigated the ion concentration according to the presence of cigarette smoke in the room and according to the change of lit cigarette distance from the supply of ionized air. Due to the experiment there was simulated smoking at the relative air humidity φ = 37 % and φ = 39 % and temperature of 20 °C in the room. Increased PM
concentrations were caused only by cigarette smoke pollution or more precisely by artificially created higher humidity in the measuring room excluding ambient environment impacts. The aim of the experiments was to prove influence of ionization on the elimination of cigarette smoke. The measurements showed that the highest efficiency of PM
particulate removal was achieved when the distance of smoking cigarettes from ionization source was 3 m and the air humidity was 39 %. The consequent increase of the distance of smoking cigarettes from the ionization source significantly decreased the efficiency of particle removal. The difference between ionized and natural air is minimal at the bigger distance.
One of the most frequently measured quantity is temperature, which is also one of the most important physical quantities. Temperature has influence on the almost all states and processes in the ...nature as well as in technique. A wide range of temperature sensors is currently available on the market. They use different measurement principles and exist in many designs. According to the location of the sensing element in the measured environment, they are divided into two main groups: contact and non-contact. Further, we can divide the temperature sensors according to the physical principle on which they work. The article deals with the analysis and comparison of selected Arduino-compatible contact temperature sensors. The temperature measurement of machine functional nodes and its diagnostics are part of maintenance and engineering diagnostics. At present, NC and CNC machine diagnostics are an important trend in machine condition monitoring and machine status prediction to maintain production quality. Machine status monitoring allows reducing of machine service costs as well as maintaining the high production quality.
The contribution deals with the comparison of possibilities of utilizing two experimental methods: digital and classical holographic interferometry for the visualization of beam motion. The girders ...are used in civil and mechanical engineering and considering the technical point of view it is necessary to learn to what extent the beam is deformed at the load and how much it can withstand.
This paper discusses the problem of possibilities for applying a machine vision in the measurement of the trajectory of the upper limb movement in rehabilitation exercises. The fundamental ...presumption of designed system was to get the image from the camera’s CCD processor, possibilities of measuring and its processing. As a result of the application system, it is possible to dynamically determine the radius between the shoulder and forearm, and also the angle between the shoulder and the chest of the man, as function of the limb motion. The created system gives the possibility to use a non-invasive method of measurement, allows visualization and full analysis of the rehabilitation progress and also allows keeping electronic records of patients.
The methods and results of glass processing, including quartz glass, are considered. Research is aimed at improving the quality of the surface in the physical and chemical methods of exposure to the ...product, to ensure high precision machining and surface quality without cracks and scratches. Processing was applied to rotation bodies. Polyurethanes with solid inclusions were used as a polishing tool. The parameters of solid inclusions are investigated and their influence on the quality of the surface obtained is evaluated. The results of the study were obtained for the operations of grinding, polishing and etching quartz glass samples with different processing modes. The influence of these processes on the value of the surface roughness parameter of silica glass is estimated. It has been established that the quality of the glass surface during processing is affected by geometry and surface roughness before processing; the quality of the polishing tool, the etching mechanism; time and modes during polishing, as well as the effect of the polishing slurry. In the process of polishing and etching, the division into conditional boundaries of the treatment zones occurs. The formation of roughness and macro geometry is due to the polishing scheme, the size, and geometry of the tool, as well as the accuracy of the alignment of the machine. The results of the study are clearly presented, the obtained data of experiments on polishing and pickling are analyzed, conclusions are made in this work.
Reverse Validation in the Robots Control Božek, Pavol; Korshunov, Aleksander; Pivarčiová, Elena
Applied Mechanics and Materials,
11/2015, Letnik:
816
Journal Article
Recenzirano
The paper comments on the new possibilities of utilizing the inertial navigation system in robototechnics. It deals with the application of a new inertial measurement system for a robotic workplace ...calibration. The calibration is necessary so that the simulation model of the production device can adjust to the real geometric conditions.
The paper deals with the visualization of thermal fields above the sample body while observing thermal loading of wood. Via holographic interferometry, thermal fields were visualized in a non-contact ...manner and the values were recorded in 0, 3, 7 and 15 minutes or earlier in case of degradation. In real time, the ongoing processes were recorded in the thermal boundary layer above the surface of sample bodies in dimensions of 43 mm × 40 mm × 10 mm of beech wood in three different directions: longitudinal, radial, tangential cut. The temperatures of isothermal curves above the heated samples and coefficients of heat transfer α were determined by a quantitative analysis of holographic interferograms. The heat transfer coefficient α ranged within 4.6-7.4 W/m2K. The simulation of heat transfer for the selected samples was prepared by the Fluent programme. Consequently, the measured values from the experiments were compared with the calculated values. There is a correlation between the measured and calculated values.
Rad se bavi vizualizacijom toplinskih polja iznad površine uzorka tijekom zagrijavanja drva. Uz pomoć holografske interferometrije toplinska su polja beskontaktno vizualizirana nakon 0, 3, 7 i 15 minuta ili ranije u slučaju degradacije drva. U stvarnom vremenu zabilježeni su procesi u graničnome toplinskom sloju iznad površine uzorka od bukova drva dimenzija 43 mm × 40 mm × 10 mm u tri različita smjera: uzdužnome, radijalnome i tangencijalnome. Temperature izotermalnih krivulja iznad zagrijanih uzoraka i koeficijenti prolaska topline α određeni su kvantitativnom analizom holografskih interferograma. Koeficijent prolaska topline α kretao se u rasponu od 4,6 do 7,4 W/m2K. Simulacija prijenosa topline za odabrane uzorke napravljena je uz pomoć Fluent programa. Slijedom toga, vrijednosti izmjerene u istraživanju uspoređene su s izračunanim vrijednostima. Utvrđena je korelacija između izmjerenih i izračunanih vrijednosti.
In the paper is described possibility of holographic interferometry in research of heat transfer above samples. Experiments with utilization of this method enable to explain many of actions going in ...environment and in phase interface between material and this environment in transport of heat. The presented experiments are aimed at verifying the possibilities of safe thermal loading of wood using with metal protective plate.
Data matrix codes are two-dimensional (2D) matrix bar codes, which are the descendants of the well known 1D bar codes. However, compared to 1D bar codes, they allow to store much more information in ...the same area. Comparing data matrix codes with QR codes, for example, we find them much more effective in marking small objects or in the case that you have only a very small area for placing a code in. Their capacity and ability of decoding also a code that is partly damaged make them an appropriate solution for industrial applications. In the following paper we compare the impact of various cameras on the detection and decoding of data matrix codes in real scene images. The location of the code is based on the fact that typical bordering of a data matrix code forms a region of connected points which create “L”, the so-called finder pattern, and the parallel dotting, the so-called timing pattern. In the first step, we try to locate the finder pattern using adaptive thresholding and connecting neighbouring points to continuous regions. Then we search for the regions where 3 outer boundary points form a isosceles right triangle that could represent the finder pattern. In the second step, we have to verify the timing pattern. We look for an even number of crossings between the background and foreground. Experimental results show that the algorithm we have proposed provides better results than competitive solutions.
This paper presents the method of solving the multicriteria problem of obtaining foam concrete with a required set of properties for each subsystem of the technological process. The General decision ...algorithm based on usage of lexicographic or “specified” method of purposeful search has been constructed.
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