The Baikal Gigaton Volume Detector (Baikal-GVD) is a km
3
-scale neutrino detector currently under construction in Lake Baikal, Russia. The detector consists of several thousand optical sensors ...arranged on vertical strings, with 36 sensors per string. The strings are grouped into clusters of 8 strings each. Each cluster can operate as a stand-alone neutrino detector. The detector layout is optimized for the measurement of astrophysical neutrinos with energies of
∼
100 TeV and above. Events resulting from charged current interactions of muon (anti-)neutrinos will have a track-like topology in Baikal-GVD. A fast
χ
2
-based reconstruction algorithm has been developed to reconstruct such track-like events. The algorithm has been applied to data collected in 2019 from the first five operational clusters of Baikal-GVD, resulting in observations of both downgoing atmospheric muons and upgoing atmospheric neutrinos. This serves as an important milestone towards experimental validation of the Baikal-GVD design. The analysis is limited to single-cluster data, favoring nearly-vertical tracks.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The Gigaton Volume Detector in Lake Baikal Avrorin, A.; Aynutdinov, V.; Belolaptikov, I. ...
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
05/2011, Letnik:
639, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The objective of the Baikal Project is the creation of a kilometer-scale high-energy neutrino observatory: the Gigaton Volume Detector (GVD) in Lake Baikal. Basic elements of the GVD – new optical ...modules, FADC readout units, and underwater communication systems – were investigated and tested in Lake Baikal with prototype strings in 2008–2010. We describe the results of prototype strings operation and review the preliminary design and expected sensitivity of the GVD telescope.
The Baikal neutrino experiment Avrorin, A.; Aynutdinov, V.; Balkanov, V. ...
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
01/2011, Letnik:
626
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
We review the status of the Lake Baikal Neutrino Experiment. Preparation towards a km
3-scale Gigaton Volume Detector (GVD) in Lake Baikal is currently a central activity. As an important milestone, ...a km
3-prototype string comprising of 12 optical modules and based on a completely new technology, has been installed and was put in operation together with NT200+ in April, 2009. We also present recent results from the long-term operation of NT200, including an improved limit on the diffuse astrophysical neutrino flux.
We present the results of a search for high-energy extraterrestrial neutrinos with the Baikal underwater Cherenkov detector NT200, based on data taken in 1998–2003. Upper limits on the diffuse fluxes ...of
ν
e
+
ν
μ
+
ν
τ
, predicted by several models of AGN-like neutrino sources, are derived. For an
E
−2 behavior of the neutrino spectrum, our limit is
E
2
Φ
ν
(
E)
<
8.1
×
10
−7
cm
−2
s
−1
sr
−1
GeV over an neutrino energy range 2
×
10
4–5
×
10
7
GeV. The upper limit on the resonant
ν
¯
e
diffuse flux is
Φ
ν
¯
e
<
3.3
×
10
-
20
cm
-
2
s
-
1
sr
-
1
GeV
-
1
.
Abstract
The high-energy muon neutrino events of the IceCube telescope, that are triggered as neutrino alerts in one of two probability ranks of astrophysical origin, “gold” and “bronze”, have been ...followed up by the Baikal-GVD in a fast quasi-online mode since September 2020. Search for correlations between alerts and GVD events reconstructed in two modes, muon-track and cascades (electromagnetic or hadronic showers), for the time windows ±1 h and ±12 h does not indicate statistically significant excess of the measured events over the expected number of background events. Upper limits on the neutrino fluence will be presented for each alert.
Abstract
Baikal-GVD (Gigaton Volume Detector) is a neutrino telescope located in pure water of Lake Baikal. At the current stage (season 2021), detector is composed of 2304 optical modules arranged ...in 8 clusters. In searching for neutrino cascade events, light patterns produced via discrete stochastic energy losses along muon tracks create the most abundant background. Methods to separate cascade-like events from tracks and neutrino cascades in a single cluster have been developed and optimized. One of the method tries to find the maximum number of track hits amongst cascade hits, which are present in the muon bundle event. Other ones rely on the distributions of charges and positions of hits on optical modules associated with cascade events. All suppression methods were optimized by the Monte Carlo simulation datasets.
Abstract
The Baikal-GVD is a neutrino telescope situated in the deepest freshwater lake in the world — Lake Baikal. The design of the Baikal-GVD trigger system allows also to study the ambient light ...of the lake. The analysis of the optical light activity of Baikal water, particularly, time and spatial variations of the luminescence activity for data collected in years 2018, 2019, and 2020 is presented. For the first time we observed highly luminescent layer moving upwards with maximal speed of 28 m/day in January 2021.
The operation of large underwater neutrino telescopes requires the precise knowledge of the water parameters governing light absorption and scattering, as well as a continuous monitoring of these ...parameters. For this purpose, a stationary underwater device, ASP-15, has been developed by the Baikal collaboration. We describe the basic assumptions and formulae behind ASP-15, the methods how absorption length, scattering length and phase functions are determined, the design of the device, and give some results obtained over many years of operation in conjuction with the Baikal telescope NT200.
Abstract
The Large-scale deep underwater Cherenkov neutrino telescopes like Baikal-GVD, ANTARES or KM3NeT, require calibration and testing methods of their optical modules. These methods usually ...include laser-based systems which allow us to check the telescope responses to the light and for real-time monitoring of the optical parameters of water such as absorption and scattering lengths, which show seasonal changes in natural reservoirs of water. We will present a testing method of a laser calibration system and a set of dedicated tools developed for Baikal-GVD, which includes a specially designed and built, compact, portable, and reconfigurable scanning station. This station is adapted to perform fast quality tests of the underwater laser sets just before their deployment in the telescope structure, even on ice, without a darkroom. The testing procedure includes the energy stability test of the laser device, 3D scan of the light emission from the diffuser and attenuation test of the optical elements of the laser calibration system. The test bench consists primarily of an automatic mechanical scanner with a movable Si detector, beam splitter with a reference Si detector and, optionally, Q-switched diode-pumped solid-state laser used for laboratory scans of the diffusers. The presented test bench enables a 3D scan of the light emission from diffusers, which are designed to obtain the isotropic distribution of photons around the point of emission. The results of the measurement can be easily shown on a 3D plot immediately after the test and may be also implemented to a dedicated program simulating photons propagation in water, which allows us to check the quality of the diffuser in the scale of the Baikal-GVD telescope geometry.
Abstract
The first stage of the construction of the Baikal-GVD deep underwater neutrino telescope is planned to be completed in 2024. For the second stage of the detector deployment, a data ...acquisition system based on fiber-optic technologies has been proposed, which will allow for increased data throughput and more flexible trigger conditions. A dedicated test facility has been built and deployed at the Baikal-GVD site to test the new technological solutions. We present the principles of operation and results of tests of the new data acquisition system.
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