This paper provides a clear insight into the quality of life on the level of housing estates in European countries. In doing so, the questions of housing and satisfaction with the housing situation ...in the estates as well as with surrounding areas and the neighbourhood, in general, is being considered as an important dimension of a complex research concept called the quality of life. In analysing the quality of housing, we inevitably encounter an interesting division into the so-called two different versions of Europe or two types of housing estates. In the phase of planning and constructing, they shared a common idea of designing modern and functional, mixed estates that would solve the housing question of most residents, i.e. of different social classes. However, the first type is marked by the socio-historical context of Western Europe, and the second by Eastern Europe, or as some authors like to frame it, the differences in housing quality between ‘capitalist’ and ‘socialist’ cities. From that perspective specifically, it seems useful to analyse the quality of life and the possibility of renewing both types of housing estates, by now deprived and decrepit, built after the Second World War in both types of cities. This applies equally to those in Western Europe, often marked by a significantly worse image and higher levels of socioeconomic problems (crime, segregation, deterioration and other), as well as the estates in post-socialist Europe, where large housing estates built during the socialist period remain a desirable housing option, but that are increasingly facing problems related to maintenance and upkeep of buildings and built environments (both public and communal spaces). In the last decades, in both types of estates there has been an increasing depopulation of middle and higher classes of residents, which progressively causes segregation but also deterioration in the social and physical sense. All the mentioned negative aspects of the housing quality require adopting national housing strategies and renewal programs which exist and are implemented in Western European countries, while they do not exist in most post-socialist countries, and Croatia is not an exception. Housing estates renewal should be an essential part of every country’s housing policy, aimed at alleviating or preventing further degradation of the quality of life for housing estate residents.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
This paper analyses the results of the research on housing integration as the important part of functional integration of most numerous immigrant group in Croatia – Croatian citizens who were born in ...Bosnia and Herzegovina. The analysed survey (CAPI) was conducted in 2014 in Sesvete, a district in the City of Zagreb, on a judgemental/purposive sample of 301 respondents. The aim of the paper is to analyse objective housing conditions (home ownership, housing quality, and neighbourhood) and subjective assessments of the indicators of housing integration of immigrants from BiH living in one of City of Zagreb. Mostly descriptive analyses were employed, complemented with selected tests of relations between two or more respondents’ characteristics and their estimations of housing standard and quality. While deriving conclusions from the obtained results, special attention was attached to the limitations of the sampling methods and specific characteristics of the target population of immigrants from BiH. Depending on the ethnic affiliation of immigrants, their language, history and cultural tradition are identical (for Croats) or very similar (Serbs and Bosniaks) to the majority population in the host country creating the circumstances and characteristics which make the process of integration easier in all of its aspects. The analysed indicators of housing integration and development of housing quality of immigrants included in the survey confirmed a high level of its successfulness. In all characteristics of housing: home ownership, type of dwelling (house or apartment) and infrastructural facilities, the immigrants from BiH do not differ from the total population of Croatia, while they are above average in size of total living area and number of rooms. Significant differences were obtained in regard to period and main reason of migration to Croatia. The analysis of comparative estimation of housing quality and general life standard in Zagreb in 2014 and in BiH in the period of migration showed that significant proportion of respondents (57%) considers their housing and living standard in Croatia to be better than if they stayed in BiH.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Polarisation processes, which began in Croatia in the 1950's, resulted in disparate socio-economic development, in an uneven spatial distribution of the population, and in a concentration of people, ...jobs and housing in urban settlements. Coastal cities, as hubs and agents of socio-economic development, in their regions became focal points for the concentration of the population, while islands and hinterland areas suffered depopulation and demographic ageing. Intense in-migration had a positive influence on the demographic development of coastal cities. They became hotbeds of bioreproduction and up to the most recent intercensus period (1991–2001) displayed dynamic population growth. However political and economic changes in this recent period, together with the effects of the war, deepened and accelerated increasingly unfavourable demographic processes, which were reflected in an overall reduction of the population of coastal Adriatic cities, as well as in a deterioration of its structure. Decreasing fertility, demographic ageing and changes in life values brought about a transformation of the family, and hence changes in the size of households and in the relations among family members. The general trend today involves a gradual reduction in the number of household members, and a continuous increase in the number of two and one-member households.
The way an individual spends leisure time in his/her environment is one of the factors that influence his/her quality of life Due to the features of space (natural and anthropogenic environment), ...size and structure of settlement, population, the prevailing economic branch and other attributes – the Municipality of Gornja Rijeka was selected for a case study in researching population’s quality of life in rural areas. The research was conducted by using the method of surveying during November and December of 2012 on a non-proportional judgment sample of170 examinees aged 18-60. The aim of the paper is to analyze part of results of the research through which the ways of spending leisure time were studied. In estimating the overall quality of life of the population in the selected area the focus was on the possibilities to engage in leisure activities in the settlements where they reside. The ways and the quality of spending leisure time were measured by closed type questions referring to ways and frequency of doing certain activities, and were later analyzed in relation to the selected sociodemographic variables (the examinee’s age, sex, marital status, household size), the health status and the personal income of an individual, whether they live from agriculture, patterns of support and sociability, perception of personal quality of life and the quality of life in the settlements where the examinees live. The results of factor analysis applied to 14 variables (leisure time activities) confirmed five factors by which it is possible to describe the way of spending leisure time for an inhabitant of a selected rural area – urban dimension, traditional dimension, sociability, hobbies and media. One of the conclusions of the research was that, in parallel to the decrease of differences in the rural and urban populations’ ways of life (especially when it comes to population aged 18-60), the differences in spending leisure time also decrease. It is primarily explained by an increasing employment of the rural population in non-agricultural activities, better transport connections between villages and cities and modern communication possibilities of rural households (internet). Also, the research has confirmed that the possibilities (infrastructure and organization) of leisure activities in the settlement where an individual lives significantly influence the overall quality of life estimate.
Razlozi izbora teme ovoga rada jesu ubrzano starenje stanovništva Hrvatske i znatne migracije, seljenje unutar zemlje, iseljavanje, ali i doseljavanje sve više stranaca. Cilj rada jest vrednovati ...prednosti i nedostatke istraživanja starenja (kvalitete života starih ljudi) i migracija (kvalitete života migranata) iz perspektive životnog puta pregledom nekih od važnijih radova koji se time bave, podjednako teorijski i/ili primijenjeno. Perspektiva životnog puta (life course perspective) složen je pristup istraživanja života pojedinca ili skupina odnosno određenih procesa. Prema raznim autorima, perspektiva životnog puta povezuje povijesni kontekst koji određuje pojedinčev život s osobnom povijesti (ključnim događajima njegova života) (Edmonston, 2013; Holman i Walker, 2020). Analizirajući više desetaka radova, autorica nastoji pokazati primjenjivost na istraživanja vezana uz starenje populacije i procjenu kvalitete života te stupanj integracije imigranata u zemlju primitka. Pritom, objašnjavajući metode prikupljanja podataka u različitim istraživanjima, pomnije raščlanjuje prednosti uporabe biografske metode (životne priče, životne povijesti) (Atkinson, 1998; Shanahan i Macmillan, 2008). Naime, istraživanja kvalitete života starih ljudi moraju biti utemeljena na teorijskoj konstrukciji starenja i povijesnom kontekstu, oslanjajući se na podatke o bitnim životnim događajima pojedinca i prosudbama iskustava ispitanika i istraživača, jednako kao i istraživanja kvalitete života migranata. Kao i starenje, i migracije su uvijek politički, društveno i gospodarski uvjetovane te specifične s obzirom na jedinstvenost života svako migranta, odnosno pojedinčeve životne priče. Pregledom odabrane literature posvećene istraživanjima starenja i migracijama kao dvama odvojenim procesima, ali promatranima iz iste perspektive, moguće je zaključiti da dijele slične putanje, prijelaze, prekretnice i vrijeme (Edmonston, 2013).
The 2011 population census recorded 4,290,612 residents of Croatia among
which 584,947 or 13.7% were born abroad. Even though the most of them were
born in Bosnia and Herzegovina (70% or 409,357) no ...research was conducted
about this significant group of immigrants. This paper analyses the
migration flows between Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia during the last
60 years, especially focusing on demographic data available from diverse
secondary sources and data on migration history and transnational activities
obtained through empirical study ?The Effects of Immigration from Bosnia and
Herzegovina on the Sociodemographic Development of Croatian Urban Areas?.
The survey was conducted in 2014 in Sesvete, district of City of Zagreb on a
judgemental/purposive sample of 301 adult Croatian residents born in Bosnia
and Herzegovina. Historical events (especially war) and economic
developments had the influence on the number of immigrants as well as their
motivation and decision to move from Bosnia and Hercegovina to Croatia. The
data obtained through secondary sources and the results of conducted survey
confirmed the shift in dominant migration patterns during three periods.
First period, after the WWII until beginning of 1990s, indicated mostly
labour migration where the migrations from Bosnia and Herzegovina to Croatia
were mostly driven by economic underdevelopment of the country of origin and
directed towards Croatian commercial and industrial centres. In the first
half of 1990s the change of socio-political system (breakup of the former
federal state) and the war in Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina induced
significant forced migrations directed towards Croatia. After the end of the
war and due to the consequences of armed conflict effecting the contemporary
socioeconomic and political development of Bosnia and Herzegovina, a part of
its citizens who were temporary settled in Croatia (as labour migrants or
refugees) or elsewhere abroad, decided not to move back to Bosnia and
Herzegovina but permanently stay in or move to Croatia. This was followed by
the new period of migration driven (again) mostly by economic reasons
complemented by general social situation and advanced unfavourable
demographic processes in Bosnia and Hercegovina. These conditions stimulated
the citizens of Bosnia and Hercegovina to migrate more frequently to other,
economically more developed countries (Germany, Austria) effecting
significantly the number of immigrants from Bosnia and Herzegovina in
Croatia. The respondents included in empirical research are mostly Croats by
ethnic affiliation (93.4%) and 99% of them have Croatian citizenship. In the
highest proportion they migrated to Croatia during the 1990s. The results
showed statistically significant correlation between the area of Bosnia and
Herzegovina from where they moved to Croatia and the period of migration
(the most numerous migrations were recorded from the area of the
contemporary Republika Srpska). Three most frequent reasons of migration
were war destruction (41.5%), economic reasons (33.2%) and family reasons
(13%). Almost two thirds of respondents (63.1%) had no prior migration
experience and more than 90% plan to stay permanently in Croatia. The study
also confirmed significant social and transnational activities of
immigrants. However, these respondents cannot be considered as the ?typical
migrants? since they largely share language, culture and tradition of
receiving society which presents a favourable environment for their
legal/political, socioeconomic and sociocultural integration.
nema
A life-course perspective is a complex approach to researching the life of an individual or group or certain processes used in various disciplines (Börsch-Supan et al., 2013), especially in ...sociology, demography, psychology, and economics. The life course perspective seeks to connect the historical context that determines an individual’s life with personal history (key events of his or her life) (Edmonston, 2013; Holman and Walker, 2020). The paper explains the differences among how the life-course perspective, lifecycle perspective and life-span perspective approach research topics. More specifically, this paper aims to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of research on aging (quality of life of older people) and migration (quality of life of migrants) from the perspective of life course by reviewing some of the most important papers addressing it, both theoretically and/or practically. In the first of the five chapters of the paper, Introduction, the author explains why the perspective of life course is an interesting research approach to selected topics in Croatia. Together with the other countries of Central and Eastern Europe, Croatia has experienced a strong increase in the share of the elderly population and significant migration in the last thirty or so years. The major causes of accelerated demographic aging are an increase in life expectancy and a decrease in fertility. The main causes of migration are significant political, social and economic changes in the “old” and “new” EU countries. These are changes in the socio-political and economic systems of the former socialist countries on the one hand, and the expansion of the EU resulting in the opening of the labour market and the possibility of “new” labour migration within Europe on the other. Due to the wars in the Middle East, there is also the issue of dealing with large refugee waves.
Our Islands in the Adriatic, by Prof. Dr. Ivo Rubić, is one of key Croatian scientific works about the islands of the north-eastern Adriatic, or the Croatian island area. In fact, this work marks the ...beginnings of comprehensive research into the Croatian islands.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Autorice na primjeru otoka Zlarina istražuju temeljne sociogeografske procese i najvažnije promjene u načinu života zajednica malih hrvatskih otoka od 1970-ih godina do danas. U radu je prezentiran ...dio rezultata istraživanja kvalitete života stanovništva Zlarina, provedenog metodom ankete i promatranja sa sudjelovanjem na uzorku od 67 ispitanika. Rezultati pokazuju da se zbog želje za demografskim opstankom zajednice, Zlarinjani sve više otvaraju prema strancima – prije svega doseljenicima, a onda i turistima, u kojima vide nadu demografske i gospodarske revitalizacije. Modernizacija je donijela i određene negativne promjene u mentalitetu i načinu shvaćanja zajednice, koje se ogledaju u smanjenoj solidarnosti članova i izraženijem materijalizmu. Ipak otočani i dalje iskazuju snažni osjećaj pripadnosti relativno homogenoj i intimnoj otočnoj zajednici u kojoj još uvijek postoji čvrsti osjećaj povezanosti.
On the example of the island of Zlarin, the authors investigate fundamental socio-geographic processes and the most important changes in the way of life of communities on small Croatian islands from ...1970s until today. This paper presents a part of the results of a study conducted in February 2011 on Zlarin, within the framework of researching the quality of life of the population on the islands of Sibenik. It presents partial results of research on the quality of life of the population of Zlarin which was conducted using questionnaire and observation methods on a sample of 67 respondents. The results show that, due to their desire to assure the demographic survival of their community, Zlarin islanders are increasingly opening up towards foreigners - first of all to immigrants, and then to tourists, in whom they place their hopes for demographic and economic revitalisation. However, the islanders still show a strong sense of affiliation to their relatively homogeneous and intimate island community, to which they still have a strong sense of belonging.
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