A new species, Dilophochila glabra sp. nov. is described from the Sierra Norte, Oaxaca, Mexico. Diagnosis and images (dorsal, lateral and ventral habitus, and genitalia) of the taxonomic characters ...are provided. Affinities with their closest congeners and the general distribution pattern of the genus are discussed, considering that it presents a typical Mountain Paleoamerican sub-pattern. The modifications in the mouthparts of this genus due to the specialization in the intake of pine needles are commented, as well as in two other different taxa within Anomalini.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Two new species of the genera Epectinaspis Blanchard and Strigoderma Burmeister from Central America, E. costaricensis new species and S. ngabe new species, are described and illustrated. For each ...species and their closest congeners, their diagnostic characters are discussed and the taxonomic keys for their determination are modified.
The objective was to estimate quality changes in Chilean sea cucumber (Athyonidium chilensis) using sun drying (SD), freeze‐drying (FD), and combined electrohydrodynamic and FD (EHD‐FD) at 30°C, ...packaged in low‐density polyethylene packages and stored at 30%, 50%, 70%, and 90% relative humidity (RH) for 3 mo. Water activity (Aw) content, moisture content (MC), total volatile base nitrogen (TVBN), hardness, and springiness were monitored. The Weibull model was applied to determine kinetics and predict shelf life. Initially, SD exhibited lower quality. All indicators increased over time at 70% and 90% RH, regardless of the drying treatment. The Weibull model was well fitted with all TVBN data, the indicator selected for shelf life. The shortest shelf life during storage was for SD. As for FD and EHD‐FD, the most important difference occurred at 50% RH with 52 and 44 days, respectively.
Practical applications
Chilean sea cucumber (A. chilensis) has a high nutritional value. Its properties are reduced when it is sun‐dried. Therefore, other drying methods such as freeze‐drying and electrohydrodynamics as pretreatment combined with freeze‐drying are used to improve its quality and nutritional parameters and durability. The study of accelerated shelf life at different levels of relative humidity of Chilean sea cucumber offers tools for producers given that the Weibull model can predict the durability of the product and the preservation conditions of dry products over time.
The new subgenus Bucaphallanus is proposed to place the species of Paranomala Casey that has the apex of the mentum widely bilobed and provided with a dense fringe of setae and with lateral carinae ...on the abdominal sternites, as P. castaniceps (Bates) and P. capita (Ohaus). Six new species from Mexico are described and included in the new subgenus. We discuss and illustrate the diagnostic structures of the eight species. A distribution map, key to the species, and comments on its affinities with other members of the genus Paranomala are provided.
Epectinaspis canoi new species is described and illustrated, and its similarities with the other species of the genus are discussed. A modification of the taxonomic key of this genus is provided. In ...addition, Balanogonia constricta Paucar-Cabrera is rediscovered and illustrated with data on its geographical distribution and habits.
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Male genitalia morphology in Myrmeleontidae has traditionally been insufficiently studied, although it has received increased attention for its diagnostic value in recent times. A neutral terminology ...has generally been applied in standard taxonomic practice, yet knowledge of an equivalent and stable terminology across taxa based on comparative morphology has been missing. Herein a detailed comparative morphology study with examples from most tribes within Myrmeleontidae, including owlflies (Ascalaphinae), attempts to relate external and internal genital structures based on a proposed groundplan for Neuroptera and Myrmeleontidae. We contend that a groundplan based on 10 abdominal segments, plus vestigial structures from an 11th segment, coherently depicts structural components across myrmeleontid taxa. A gonarcus, an element of Neuropterida amply referred in Neuroptera, is supported to represent the pair of abdominal appendages of segment X medially fused, with gonocoxite and gonostylus components. In most myrmeleontid taxa, basal (gonocoxites) and distal (gonostyli) components separate, with gonostyli positioned posteriorly with respect to gonocoxites, still united with translucent, lightly sclerotized tissue, forming a more or less conical structure, a proposed synapomorphy for the family. Ninth gonostyli are generally reduced (pulvini) and have migrated close to the base of gonarcus (10th gonocoxites). A pelta, also a potential synapomorphy for Myrmeleontidae, derives from paired setose surfaces of the 10th gonostyli, medially positioned (still evident in Bubopsis). Three structural types of gonarcus are diagnosed for illustrative purposes, as they may represent convergent constructs.
Male genitalia groundplan in Neuropterida is based on 10 abdominal segments, plus vestigial structures from an 11th segment. Genitalia are composed of medially fused appendages of the 10th segment (gonarcus), with gonocoxite and gonostylus components (primary gonopods), plus gonostyli of the 9th segment (seconday gonopods). In Myrmeleontidae, basal (gonocoxite) and distal (gonostylus) components separate, with gonostyli positioned posteriorly to gonocoxite; reduced ninth gonostylus migrate to base of gonarcus.
The origin and function of exaggerated traits exhibited by a great number of species with sexual dimorphism remain largely unexplored. The usual model considered as the evolutionary mechanism for the ...development of these structures is sexual selection. The nature of growth of the postocular flange (POF) in three species of the dobsonfly genus Platyneuromus (Megaloptera, Corydalidae, Corydalinae) is analyzed to explore sexual size dimorphism and allometric scaling. Results involve positive allometry of POF in males of two species, and negative allometry in males of one species, in general with a female-biased sexual dimorphism. We suggest an ancestral condition of dual incipient ornamentation in Platyneuromus, with a subsequent departure of size and shape of POF in males, triggered by sexual selection. Different sexual selection intensities may explain the parallel or divergent growth of POF within the scheme of dual ornamentation. Empirical behavioral data as well as a phylogenetic framework are necessary to clarify possible causes of phenotypic development, time of origin, and evolution of the POF.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
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