•Study of the adaptation of the PV panels to the canarian greenhouses.•Study of the PV panel effects on the microclimate under the canarian greenhouse.•Study of the PV panel on the tomato production ...under the canarian greenhouse.•Investigation on the of the PV panel effects on the development of T. absoluta.•No significant effect on the climatic parameters with 10% of PV panel occupancy rate.•No significant effect on the agronomic parameters with 10% of PV panel occupancy rate.
Photovoltaic greenhouses are mixed systems, combining electricity and agricultural production in the same area. Moreover, this type of greenhouse conserves all the properties of a conventional greenhouse, as well as offering the possibility of producing and selling electricity.
The aim of the present study is to assess both the impact of the shade caused by the photovoltaic panels on the microclimate and the quality of fruits in the greenhouse. Measurements were carried out in an experimental Canary type greenhouse covered with flexible photovoltaic panels on 10% of its total roof area.
Results illustrate that this occupancy rate of the photovoltaic panels arranged in checkerboard pattern does not have a significant effect on the agronomic parameters e.g. height, stem diameter and tomato yield, and climatic parameters under the greenhouse cover. Additionally, the presence of photovoltaic panels has a negative effect on the development of the population of Tuta absoluta.
•Interactions of polyphenols with yeast protein extract, mannoproteins and β-glucans.•Binding experiments, titration calorimetry and dynamic light scattering studies were done.•Higher interactions ...for yeast protein extract than mannoproteins.•No interaction leading to the formation of aggregates with β-glucan.•Strong impact of the polyphenol structures and protein content on the interactions.
At present, there is a great interest in enology for yeast derived products to replace aging on lees in winemaking or as an alternative for wine fining. These are yeast protein extracts (YPE), cell walls and mannoproteins. Our aim was to further understand the mechanisms that drive interactions between these components and red wine polyphenols. To this end, interactions between grape skin tannins or wine polyphenols or tannins and a YPE, a mannoprotein fraction and a β-glucan were monitored by binding experiments, ITC and DLS. Depending on the tannin structure, a different affinity between the polyphenols and the YPE was observed, as well as differences in the stability of the aggregates. This was attributed to the mean degree of polymerization of tannins in the polyphenol fractions and to chemical changes that occur during winemaking. Much lower affinities were found between polyphenols and polysaccharides, with different behaviors between mannoproteins and β-glucans.
•Comparative study of the photovoltaic panels effects on the internal microclimate and tomato production during summer and winter season.•Photovoltaic panels occupied 40% of the roof area does not ...have a significant effect on the climatic parameters during the winter season.•During the summer season, the photovoltaic panels reduced the temperature inside the greenhouse and sometimes falling in the optimum range for the tomatoes growth.•The photovoltaic panels does not have a significant effect on the overall yield of tomatoes.
A large-scale use of the renewable energy in agriculture has become an optimal way to successfully deal with the issues of sustainability and climate change. Recently, the integration of solar panels on the roof of the greenhouse gave birth to a new crop production system called photovoltaic greenhouse.
In this paper, we investigated the shading effect of the flexible photovoltaic panels, mounted on the greenhouse roof area in the checkerboard format, on the microclimate and the tomatoes yield during the summer and winter period. This study was undertaken in a two tomato canarian greenhouses, typical of the south Mediterranean region.
The results of our study showed that the photovoltaic panels covering 40% roof area of the canary type greenhouse does not have a significant effect on the climatic parameters. Additionally, during the hot period, the photovoltaic panels reduced the temperature inside the greenhouse and sometimes falling in the optimum range for the tomatoes growth. Furthermore, this occupancy rate of the photovoltaic panels does not have a significant effect on the overall yield of tomatoes.
Male breast cancer (BC) is rare, managed by extrapolation from female BC. The International Male BC Program aims to better characterize and manage this disease. We report the results of part I, a ...retrospective joint analysis of cases diagnosed during a 20-year period.
Patients with follow-up and tumor samples, treated between 1990 and 2010, in 93 centers/9 countries. Samples were centrally analyzed in three laboratories (the United Kingdom, the Netherlands and the United States).
Of 1822 patients enrolled, 1483 were analyzed; 63.5% were diagnosed between 2001 and 2010, 57 (5.1%) had metastatic disease (M1). Median age at diagnosis: 68.4 years. Of 1054 M0 cases, 56.2% were node-negative (N0) and 48.5% had T1 tumors; 4% had breast conserving surgery (BCS), 18% sentinel lymph-node biopsy; half received adjuvant radiotherapy; 29.8% (neo)adjuvant chemotherapy and 76.8% adjuvant endocrine therapy (ET), mostly tamoxifen (88.4%). Per central pathology, for M0 tumors: 84.8% ductal invasive carcinomas, 51.5% grade 2; 99.3% estrogen receptor (ER)-positive; 81.9% progesterone receptor (PR)-positive; 96.9% androgen receptor (AR)-positive ER, PR or AR Allred score ≥3; 61.1% Ki67 expression low (<14% positive cells); using immunohistochemistry (IHC) surrogates, 41.9% were Luminal-A-like, 48.6% Luminal-B-like/HER-2-negative, 8.7% HER-2-positive, 0.3% triple negative. Median follow-up: 8.2 years (0.0–23.8) for all, 7.2 years (0.0–23.2), for M0, 2.6 years (0.0–12.7) for M1 patients. A significant improvement over time was observed in age-corrected BC mortality. BC-specific-mortality was higher for men younger than 50 years. Better overall (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) were observed for highly ER+ (P = 0.001), highly PR+ (P = 0.002), highly AR+ disease (P = 0.019). There was no association between OS/RFS and HER-2 status, Ki67, IHC subtypes nor grade.
Male BC is usually ER, PR and AR-positive, Luminal B-like/HER2-negative. Of note, 56% patients had T1 tumors but only 4% had BCS. ER was highly positive in >90% of cases but only 77% received adjuvant ET. ER, PR and AR were associated with OS and RFS, whereas grade, Ki67 and IHC surrogates were not. Significant improvement in survival over time was observed.
Rainbow trout is a significant fish farming species under temperate climates. Female reproduction traits play an important role in the economy of breeding companies with the sale of fertilized eggs. ...The objectives of this study are threefold: to estimate the genetic parameters of female reproduction traits, to determine the genetic architecture of these traits by the identification of quantitative trait loci (QTL), and to assess the expected efficiency of a pedigree-based selection (BLUP) or genomic selection for these traits.
A pedigreed population of 1343 trout were genotyped for 57,000 SNP markers and phenotyped for seven traits at 2 years of age: spawning date, female body weight before and after spawning, the spawn weight and the egg number of the spawn, the egg average weight and average diameter. Genetic parameters were estimated in multi-trait linear animal models. Heritability estimates were moderate, varying from 0.27 to 0.44. The female body weight was not genetically correlated to any of the reproduction traits. Spawn weight showed strong and favourable genetic correlation with the number of eggs in the spawn and individual egg size traits, but the egg number was uncorrelated to the egg size traits. The genome-wide association studies showed that all traits were very polygenic since less than 10% of the genetic variance was explained by the cumulative effects of the QTLs: for any trait, only 2 to 4 QTLs were detected that explained in-between 1 and 3% of the genetic variance. Genomic selection based on a reference population of only one thousand individuals related to candidates would improve the efficiency of BLUP selection from 16 to 37% depending on traits.
Our genetic parameter estimates made unlikely the hypothesis that selection for growth could induce any indirect improvement for female reproduction traits. It is thus important to consider direct selection for spawn weight for improving egg production traits in rainbow trout breeding programs. Due to the low proportion of genetic variance explained by the few QTLs detected for each reproduction traits, marker assisted selection cannot be effective. However genomic selection would allow significant gains of accuracy compared to pedigree-based selection.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Several demographic and selective events occurred during the domestication of wheat from the allotetraploid wild emmer (Triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccoides). Cultivated wheat has since been affected ...by other historical events. We analyzed nucleotide diversity at 21 loci in a sample of 101 individuals representing 4 taxa corresponding to representative steps in the recent evolution of wheat (wild, domesticated, cultivated durum, and bread wheats) to unravel the evolutionary history of cultivated wheats and to quantify its impact on genetic diversity. Sequence relationships are consistent with a single domestication event and identify 2 genetically different groups of bread wheat. The wild group is not highly polymorphic, with only 212 polymorphic sites among the 21,720 bp sequenced, and, during domestication, diversity was further reduced in cultivated forms-by 69% in bread wheat and 84% in durum wheat-with considerable differences between loci, some retaining no polymorphism at all. Coalescent simulations were performed and compared with our data to estimate the intensity of the bottlenecks associated with domestication and subsequent selection. Based on our 21-locus analysis, the average intensity of domestication bottleneck was estimated at about 3-giving a population size for the domesticated form about one third that of wild dicoccoides. The most severe bottleneck, with an intensity of about 6, occurred in the evolution of durum wheat. We investigated whether some of the genes departed from the empirical distribution of most loci, suggesting that they might have been selected during domestication or breeding. We detected a departure from the null model of demographic bottleneck for the hypothetical gene HgA. However, the atypical pattern of polymorphism at this locus might reveal selection on the linked locus Gsp1A, which may affect grain softness-an important trait for end-use quality in wheat.
•Hydrodynamic effects of low and high frequency ultrasound within a flow are studied.•Thermal enhancement effect produced by both low and high frequency ultrasound is studied.•A link is established ...between thermal and hydrodynamic behaviours with respect to frequency.•A phenomenological explanation is proposed for the different behaviors observed.
The aim of this work is to quantitatively demonstrate the intensification of heat transfer in forced convection by mean of ultrasonic irradiation at low (25 kHz) or high (2 MHz) frequency. High frequency ultrasound induces convective acoustic streaming while low frequency ultrasonic waves produce mainly cavitation effects. These hydrodynamic phenomena are at the origin of strongly different observations in terms of flow pattern modification and thereby in Nusselt number values. A link is tentatively established between hydrodynamic behaviors at both ultrasonic frequencies and corresponding thermal results. Hydrodynamic approach was performed with a 2D-2C PIV device while thermal one was carried out under uniform heat flux conditions. It seems that thermal enhancement effect of acoustic streaming (2 MHz) decreases as flow rate increases. This behavior is consistent with the decrease of turbulent kinetic energy produced by acoustic streaming in the same conditions. In the contrary, thermal enhancement effect produced by acoustic cavitation (25 kHz), increases as flow rate increases. This result could be due to the increase of relative size of acoustic bubbles with respect to laminar boundary layer thickness as flow rate increases. In conclusion, the two different ultrasound frequencies, which lead to two different hydrodynamic effects, also lead to two different thermal and turbulence trend with respect to flow rate modifications.
•Study of a simple and economic system for heating an agricultural greenhouse.•Study of the passive solar heating system effects on the development of T. Absoluta.•This system reduces the cost of ...heating and does not pollute the environment.•This system improves the greenhouse microclimate and tomato production.
Heating greenhouses is indispensable for plant development particularly in winter when air temperature is lower. In that sense, passive solar heating is a promising alternative compared to classic methods such as fossil fuels that are cost impacted and harmful to the environment.
The current work is devoted to the study of the effect of a solar heating system using black plastic sleeves filled with water on the microclimate, tomato yield and the dynamic population of the tomato key pest, Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) in canarian greenhouses.
The results show that the use of this heating system, improves the nighttime temperature inside the greenhouse by 3.1 °C and reduce by 10% the relative humidity compared to the control greenhouse. This microclimate improvement has a positive impact on the tomato production. It has increased by 35% compared to the control greenhouse. It was also noted that the presence of this heating system lead to a decrease in the development the population of T. absoluta in the heated greenhouse.
Based on these results, the solar passive water–sleeve heating system can be an eco-friendly tool to prevent intensive use of fuel fossil and negative effect on the environment.
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