There is lack of information on the magnitude of depression among elderly population in India. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to estimate the prevalence of depression among elderly ...population in India.
PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, PsycINFO, IndMed, and Google Scholar were searched to identify articles reported community-based prevalence of depression among elderly population using screening tools. This study included the articles published during the years 1997 to 2016. Studies conducted in the special population groups, hospitals, reported only a subcategory of depression, and not specified the screening tool were excluded. Data were extracted from published reports and any missing information was requested from authors. Estimates were pooled using random-effects meta-analyses. Subgroup and sensitivity analysis were performed. The publication bias was evaluated by using Egger's test and visual inspection of the symmetry in funnel plots.
Fifty-one studies from 16 States of India were included as 56 datasets, which estimated the prevalence of depression among Indian elderly population as 34.4% (95% CI: 29.3-39.7). In sub-group analysis, the pooled prevalence was higher among females, rural populations, and in the eastern part of the country. Studies using non-probability sampling, and GDS and CES-D screening tool showed higher prevalence. Exclusion of the studies with sample size less than 100 and low-quality studies (score < 5/8) had no effect on the estimate of the prevalence. The studies that excluded dementia before assessment of depression had lower prevalence.
About one third elderly population of India suffered from depression with female preponderance. The estimates varied with type of study tool, geographic region, sampling methods, and presence of dementia. The pooled estimate should be interpreted with caution as the studies included in this review had varied methodological approach and screening tools.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The need to generate pollution free energy has triggered the effect towards the usage of solar energy interconnection with the grid. Consequently, the Photovoltaic (PV) panel interfaced with the grid ...causes the power quality problems such as a voltage harmonics and voltage distortion etc., Active power filters are the powerful tool for mitigation of harmonics. This work involves the use of single-phase Unified Power Quality Conditioner (UPQC) based on a unit vector template control algorithm for its functions with grid integration of photovoltaic, such as voltage sags/ swell, unit power factor correction, voltage and current harmonic cancelation. The unit vector template control algorithm includes a phase-locked loop (PLL) mechanism that is responsible for avoiding multiple zero crossings during highly distorted grid voltage detection. A unit vector template control with a PLL-based control algorithm is applied to the shunt and series inverters of PV grid connected UPQC. In addition to normalizing voltage and current disturbances, the proposed controller has the functions of phase detection and perfect grid synchronization. It is proposed that the system performance is fully verified by MATLAB simulation with the response of load variation, transient response, THD, voltage swell and sag. The Total Harmonic Distortions (THDs) of proposed grid integration of photovoltaic systems through single-phase unified power quality conditioner (UPQC) obtain the range of IEEE standard.
Oral drug administration is essential for treating diverse diseases due to its acceptable route, non-invasiveness, minimal off-target side effects, versatility, and painless patient delivery. ...However, multiple drug accessibility is increasing currently but there is often a deficiency of indication in developing procedures with assessment of two diverse medicinal formulations. Oral administration of a novel antiepileptic drug, levetiracetam in grouping with either L-dopa unaccompanied or L-dopa/Ropinirole treatments was associated with dyskinesia. Altered shooting patterns of neurons relating to a compulsive harmonization process may back to the origin of dyskinesia. The current study aims to develop a dissolution technique and validate the antiparkinsonian drug-ropinirole and antiepileptic drug-levetiracetam tablets by RP-HPLC, which plays a major part in pharmaceutical formulations. The optimal dissolution conditions were experienced for the products respective to the pharmaceutical formulation and applied to assess the dissolution profiles. Ideal settings for the dissolution method were 500 mL of pH of 4.0 citrate buffer, 50 rpm and 250 nm for ropinirole tablets and 900 mL of distilled water, the rotation speed of paddle 50 rpm and 217 nm for levetiracetam tablets, then 3.84 and 3.87 minutes were set as the retention time of ropinirole and levetiracetam tablets, respectively. Technique optimization and validation process helps to reduce the bioequivalence of both dosage forms. The current study ensues detailed information on the drug release, even if there is a change in pH medium, filter, rpm, instrumentation, etc. Focusing on current pharmaceutical sciences, the proposed correlative dissolution study coupled with RP-HPLC analysis could offer a holistic insight into the performance of future oral drug delivery systems
The usage of non linear loads in recent days are becoming vast that gives an alarm signal to power system and power engineers in terms of quality of power. As a result of large amount of non-linear ...power electronic equipments harmonic distortion is frequently encountered by the utilities in each day. The purpose of active filter is to eliminate the harmonics present in the electrical signal ensuing in sustaining the quality of the power supply in the system. DSP controlled Shunt Active Filter is used in this paper to eliminate harmonics and compensate reactive power caused by nonlinear load. Discrete Fourier Transformation is used to generate reference source current. The firing pulses for shunt active filter are generated based on a hysteresis based current controller implemented in a DSP controller, so that SAF allows elimination of the harmonics and compensation of reactive power component of load current, ensuing in a supply current which is purely sinusoidal. Simulation results of the proposed SAF to meet the requirements of IEEE-519 standards are given.
In the current world, day-by-day, huge amount of data being generated at a rate far higher than by which it can be examined by human comprehension alone, in this case, data mining became an important ...task for extracting useful information from large amount of data. Especially in these cases, the standard techniques of datamining plays in a better way such as Evolutionary approaches performs more efficient as well as more accurate. The objective of this paper is to compare Fuzzy based Evolutionary Algorithm with other machine learning classifiers to improve the classification of medical dataset of heart disease.
Teneligliptin is widely prescribed dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (DPP-4i) in India because of its economical pricing. However, there is no headto-head trial comparing teneligliptin with any other ...DPP-4i in Indian setting. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of teneligliptin versus sitagliptin as add-on to metformin and/or sulfonylureas in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
This prospective, open-label, randomized, active-controlled study enrolled 76 patients (1:1) at 2 centres. Patients received teneligliptin 20 mg or sitagliptin 100 mg orally once daily for 12 weeks as add-on to ongoing metformin or sulfonylurea therapy. Primary endpoint was mean change in glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) from baseline at week 12.
Both arms were comparable (p>0.05) at baseline in terms of age, gender, metformin daily dose, sulfonylurea use, HbA1c, fasting and postprandial blood glucose (FBG and PPBG). At the end of 12 weeks, statistically significant reductions were observed in both teneligliptin and sitagliptin arms in HbA1c (-1.19 ± 1.16% p<0.0001 and -0.92 ± 0.95%, p<0.0001), in FBG (-28.3 ± 63.0 mg/dL, p= 0.01 and -22.9 ± 47.4 mg/dL, p=0.006) and PPBG (-41.3 ± 85.4 mg/dL, p=0.006 and -54.7 ± 85.6 mg/dL, p=0.0005). The reductions in all glycemic parameters were similar between the arms. Both gliptins were well-tolerated with no difference in the number of adverse events. There was no change in QT/QTc intervals or other ECG parameters at week 12 in both arms. In post-hoc comparison, percentage of patients achieving target HbA1c <7% (as per American Diabetes Association guidelines) at week 12 favored teneligliptin arm over sitagliptin arm (33.3% vs. 19.4% patients).
Teneligliptin provided similar glycemic control as compared to sitagliptin and reduced HbA1c, FBG and PPBG values significantly within 12 weeks of treatment. Both gliptins were found to be safe and well-tolerated in Indian patients with T2DM.
AbstractThis study aims to simulate runoff depth using the Soil Conservation Service–curve number (SCS-CN) method with remote sensing and geographic information system (GIS) techniques. In this ...study, the SCS-CN technique adapted for Indian conditions has been used for the generation of CNs for an ungauged watershed. The USDA SCS-CN method is used for estimating the runoff depth in the Manimuktha subwatershed. Monthly and annual runoff values have been obtained from the daily runoff values of the watershed. A base map, soil map, and land use map of the study area have been prepared using remote sensing data and Survey of India (SOI) toposheets. The vector layers have been generated in GIS software. The SCS model is then applied to estimate the daily runoff from the watershed and validated, comparing it with the observed runoff of a few selected events of the monsoon periods of 1980–2009. The statistical analysis indicates that the SCS-CN method can be applied to predict runoff depths of an ungauged watershed. The present study reveals that the remote sensing and GIS-based SCS-CN model can be used effectively to estimate the runoff from the ungauged Indian watersheds of similar geohydrological characteristics.
Sirkali region is under Nagapattinam district of Tamilnadu, India. The water quality in this region is affected significantly by Tsunami, 2004. Historical data on groundwater quality of observation ...wells of the study area before Tsunami were collected (1966 – 2012) and groundwater samples after Tsunami were also collected and analyzed for water quality parameters. Spatial analysis of water quality parameters before and after Tsunami was carried out. Various maps were prepared using ILWIS. Results show that there is significant degradation in the water quality due to Tsunami in the study area. Vertical electrical soundings VES were conducted in the study area. Based on hydro geological conditions, the approximate depth to freshwater/saltwater interface of Sirkali taluk is 4.489 m.
•Nanostructured ZnTe were ultrasonically processed for photoelectronics.•Raman, XPS and electron microscopic tools affirmed their physico-chemical traits.•Electrical properties were studied using ...Nyquist and Mott-Schottky plots.•I-V studies augment the improved photo response in p-ZnTe/n-Si heterojunctions.
Colloidal zinc telluride (ZnTe) nanostructures were successfully processed through a simple and facile ultrasonic (sonochemical) treatment for photoelectronic applications. The particle-like morphological features, phase and nature of valence state of various metal ions existing in ZnTe were examined using electron and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic tools. Raman spectroscopic measurements revealed the dominance of exciton-phonon coupling and occurrence of TeO2 traces in ZnTe through the corresponding vibrations. Optical bandgap of the ZnTe suspension was estimated to be around 2.15eV, authenticating the direct allowed transitions. The p-type electrical conductivity and charge carrier density of ZnTe were additionally estimated from the Bode, Nyquist and Mott-Schottky type impedance plots. The photoelectrical properties of ZnTe were investigated by fabricating p-ZnTe/n-Si heterostructures and studying their corresponding current-voltage characteristics under dark and white light illumination. The diodes revealed excellent rectifying behaviour with significant increase in reverse current under illumination. The stability of the devices were also affirmed through the time-dependent photoresponse characteristics, which actually suggested the improved and effective separation of photo generated electron hole pairs across the integrated heterojunctions. The obtained results also augment the potential of sonochemically processed ZnTe for application in photo detection and sensor related functions.
GeoelectricalResistivity survey was carried out in Lower Ponnaiyar Sub-watershed, to intercept the sub-surface lithology and groundwater prospective zones. Twenty Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) ...of the Schlumberger configuration were performed with an AB/2 separation 100 m. The acquired geoelectric data were interpreted with curve matching and computer iteration using Inverse Slope software. The results showed the presence of six geoelectric layers comprising Alluvium, Sand, Silt, Clay, Clayey sand and Hard Rock. The investigations also revealed the range of resistivityvalues from - 40 to 400 Ωm, while the depth of aquifer ranged between 6 and 100 m. The prospective for theoccurrence of groundwater in the Lower Ponnaiyar watershed was categorized as high, good, moderate and low by interpreting the sub-surface geophysical studies. The groundwater recharge structures like percolation pond, check dam have to be constructed in the moderate and low zones of groundwater potential so as to augment the groundwater resources.
PDF
