Neurotrophic factors play a key role in development, differentiation, synaptogenesis, and survival of neurons in the brain as well as in the process of their adaptation to external influences. The ...serotonergic (5-HT) system is another major factor in the development and neuroplasticity of the brain. In the present review, the results of our own research as well as data provided in the corresponding literature on the interaction of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) with the 5-HT-system of the brain are considered. Attention is given to comparison of BDNF and GDNF, the latter belonging to a different family of neurotrophic factors and being mainly considered as a dopaminergic system controller. Data cited in this review show that: (i) BDNF and GDNF interact with the 5-HT-system of the brain through feedback mechanisms engaged in autoregulation of the complex involving 5-HT-system and neurotrophic factors; (ii) GDNF, as well as BDNF, stimulates the growth of 5-HT neurons and affects the expression of key genes of the brain 5-HT-system–those coding tryptophan hydroxylase-2 and 5-HT
1A
and 5-HT
2A
receptors. In turn, 5-HT affects the expression of genes that control BDNF and GDNF in brain structures; (iii) the difference between BDNF and GDNF is manifested in different levels and relative distribution of expression of these factors in brain structures (BDNF expression is highest in hippocampus and cortex, GDNF expression in the striatum), in varying reaction of 5-HT2A receptors on BDNF and GDNF administration, and in different effects on certain types of behavior.
The article substantiates the need for the use of modern educational technology of blended learning flipped classroom in school education. The solution to the research problem is based on ...theoretical, methodological and practical issues that are considered in the research. The authors focus on the achievements of both modern sciences based on the formation of the natural science paradigm and the achievements of modern pedagogy aimed at the formation of natural science thinking. The study of chemistry at school is realized by the methodological potential of competence-based and personality-oriented approaches. The model of teaching chemistry consists of updated content, interactive methods and organizational forms, traditional and distance learning tools and a set of organizational and pedagogical conditions. The obtained results of the pedagogical experiment allow us to assume that the use of the flipped classroom blended learning technology has increased the level of internal motivation of students to study chemistry. This technology allows us to individualize and activate the educational process.
The absorption edge of CdSe and CdSSe microcrystals has been observed to undergo a significant short-wavelength shift (of more than 30 meV) during excitation by light pulses at the second harmonic ...from a Nd:YAG laser. An optical-nonlinearity mechanism is proposed. This mechanism involves the filling of levels in the energy spectrum of a spatially bounded multiexciton system in microcrystals with a size comparable to the exciton radius.
This work presents, for the first time, data on the possibility of synthesizing polyimide nanocomposite films based on track nuclear membranes and organosiloxane (polyhedral oligomeric ...silsesquioxanes) POSS structures. The synthesis of the nanocomposite films was carried out by filling the tracks of a polyimide membrane with POSS structures under hydrothermal conditions in a high-pressure reactor. The surface and mechanical characteristics of the developed nanocomposite films were studied, and the results of their resistance to the flow of oxygen plasma are presented. It was found that the introduction of POSS structures significantly increased the resistance of polyimide to the flow of oxygen plasma. The PI/POSS composite exhibited an insignificant change in weight, the weight loss reached 0.92 ± 0.05 mg/cm2 in 24 h after the start of the experiment, which is almost two orders of magnitude lower than that of the polyimide film.
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•PI/POSS nanocomposite films obtained in a high-pressure reactor.•POSS structures are located in the tracks of the PI nuclear membrane.•The effect of oxygen plasma on PI and PI/POSS was investigated.•The erosion yield of PI – 3.05 × 10−24 cm3/atom, PI/POSS – 0.15 × 10−24 cm3/atom3.•Mechanical performance of PI/POSS nanocomposite films after oxygen plasma increased.
•Resistivity monitoring of two types Co-rich microwires during DC Joule heating treatment.•Microwire temperature definition during Joule heating, using a crystallized microwire.•Cr-doped microwires ...had well-marked resistivity minimum near the temperature 163 °C.•The resistivity minimum shifted to a temperature value 260 °C after annealing.•Below the temperature minimum, resistivity dependence is proportional to -ln(T).
The paper investigates the electrical resistivity of two types of the glass-coated Co-rich amorphous ferromagnetic microwires during the Joule heating by direct current. We measured the relationships between the microwire’s resistivity and the power, which applied to the samples in as-prepared and crystallized conditions. Both types of microwires were demonstrated to completely crystallize on exposure to a temperature of more than 600 °C. During heating by a power up to 2.5 W (~400 °C), the microwires with Mo-Ni content were characterized by a monotonic resistivity increase with the temperature. But the microwires with Cr content had a well-marked resistivity minimum near the temperature Tм ~ 163 °C. This minimum shifted to a temperature value of ~260 °C after annealing. The research shows that the temperature dependence of resistivity in the temperature range below Tм obeys the f(T) = -ln(T) law.
Tunka-133: Results of 3 year operation Prosin, V.V.; Berezhnev, S.F.; Budnev, N.M. ...
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
08/2014, Letnik:
756
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The EAS Cherenkov light array Tunka-133, with ~3km2 geometric area, is taking data since 2009. The array permits a detailed study of cosmic ray energy spectrum and mass composition in the PeV energy ...range. After a short description of the methods of EAS parameter reconstruction, we present the all-particle energy spectrum and results of studying CR composition, based on 3 seasons of array operation. In the last part of the paper, we discuss possible interpretations of the obtained results.
Multiple myeloma (MM) is the most common type of paraproteinemic hemoblastosis, which is characterized by an aggressive course, high mortality and a large number of complications. The G681A variant ...(*2, rs4244285) of the CYP2C19 gene leads to the formation of an inactive enzyme and, as a consequence, may affect the development and course of MM. The aim of this research was to analyze the effect of the G681A variant of the CYP2C19 gene on the risk of the development of MM and its course.
The study enrolled 158 patients with MM, who underwent standard clinical and laboratory studies: cytological, general clinical, biochemical, as well as molecular cytogenetic and molecular genetic. Cytogenetic analysis of chromosome abnormalities was performed using interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization. Genotyping by the G681A variant of the CYP2C19 gene was performed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism.
No association was found between the G681A variant of the CYP2C19 gene and the risk of developing MM. The association between the presence of the G allele and GG genotypes with significant changes in clinical and biochemical parameters (plasma cell count, α2-globulin, calcium content) in MM patients has been established. In the presence of the G allele of the CYP2C19 gene, the development of chromosomal rearrangements del(13q14.2) or del(13q34) with significantly increased levels of albumin occurs more frequently.
The G681A variant of the CYP2C19 gene does not affect the risk of developing MM, but it is associated with significant changes in the clinical and biochemical parameters that determine the severity of the disease and its prognosis. Further research is important to develop new target strategies and maintenance therapy for carriers of different variants of the CYP2C19 gene (G681A).
The relationship between structural features and selective transport properties of a polymer remains to be the topic of major interest among the scientists working in the field of membrane materials ...development. In the present work the structural and morphological features of the sulfonated co-polyimide and their role in the realisation of its selective transport properties are discussed. The features of the macromolecular chain having limitedly flexible -O-Ph-O- fragment and their influence on the properties of the material are studied with X-Ray diffraction analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. Microphase separated morphology of the block-co-polyimide was detected by the means of atomic force microscopy in the lateral force contrast mode. Theoretical and practical studies on the influence of the counterion nature on the block-copolymer morphology are conducted. Transport properties of the co-polyimide were investigated in the processes of pervaporation and gas separation. Morphological features of the copolymer allow the realisation of the selective fixed-site carrier facilitated transport in terms of pervaporation separation of various binary methanol mixtures. The polymer showed good separation performance in application to pervaporation separation of close to azeotropic MeOH/DMC and MeOH/DME mixtures reaching selectivity values close to 4. The relationship between real and ideal separation selectivities during PV of the studied mixtures are established. The lamellar-like morphology of the studied co-polyimide along with its other unique properties makes it perspective in application to fixed-site carrier facilitated pervaporation and gas separation membranes development.
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•Structural features of the chain having -O-Ph-O- flexible fragment are discussed.•Hansen solubility parameters of the sulfonated co-polyimide are determined.•Flory-Huggins theory is applied to describe the morphology of the co-polyimide.•High values of PV selectivity for methanol rich mixtures are achieved.•The model for the prediction of the real PV selectivity values is proposed.
•Synthesis of polyfluoroalkylethyl ethers.•Study the phase behavior of fluorinated ethers near the critical values of the fluorine content.•Determination of fluorous partition coefficients and ...fluorophilicity values of fluorinated ethers by GLC.•The linear relationship between fluorophilicity and the fluorine content in the molecule for the series of CF3- and HCF2- homologues.
A synthetic method of preparing polyfluoroalkylethyl ethers by the reaction of fluoroalcoholates with bromoethane in the presence of KOH (aq), a solubilizer (1,4-dioxane), and tetrabutylammonium bromide was developed. Fluorous partition coefficients and fluorophilicity values of fluorinated ethers were determined in the perfluorooctane/organic solvent system by GLC. The linear relationship between fluorophilicity and the fluorine content in a molecule is characterized by correlation coefficients from 0.96 to 0.999 in the CF3- and HCF2-series of polyfluoroalkylethyl ethers.
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