Genomic instability and heterogeneity are the key features of cancer cells that allow their survival under environmental stress. A rapid accumulation of a large number of mutations in a single event ...due to a massive rearrangement of fragmented chromosomes termed chromothripsis favors cancer progression and resistance to therapy. Complex chromosomal rearrangements that occur upon chromothripsis arise from a random ligation of multiple chromosome fragments by an error-prone NHEJ DNA repair. Here we studied the activation of DDR and NHEJ as markers of genomic instability in HindIIIG-1 cells obtained after depolyploidization of irradiated HindIIIG cells resistant to apoptosis. We also analyzed the potential involvement of chromothripsis-like mechanism and autophagy in the establishment of HindIIIG-1 cell line. Our results demonstrate that HindIIIG cells are characterized by high genomic instability, activation of DDR and NHEJ. Chromosome fragmentation and activation of NHEJ in irradiated HindIIIG and non-treated HindIIIG-1 cells suggest the implication of chromothripsis-like mechanism in the establishment of HindIIIG-1 cell line. We show that unlike HindIIIG cells, HindIIIG-1 cells acquired invasion ability and adhesion-independent cell growth that may indicate their metastatic potential. Degradation of damaged DNA, nuclei and micronuclei in HindIIIG-1 cells by autophagy suggests its role in cell death and survival and thereby in establishment of novel cell line.
Genome instability manifested by multiple reorganization contributes to the acquisition of new properties by tumor cells, resistance to therapy in particular. Structural rearrangements of chromosomes ...can be induced by damage to DNA, for example, by ionizing radiation. In this study, changes in the karyotype of the pseudodiploid cell line HindIIIG-1 obtained after irradiation of apoptosis-resistant transformed rat cells HindIIIG have been examined. The HindIIIG-1 line is a result of polyploidization associated with the cell cycle block in the G2/M phase and subsequent depolyploidization. The original HindIIIG line, before irradiation, was represented mainly by a pseudodiploid population with the normal number of 42 chromosomes, tetraploid fraction composed of 14%. The cell karyotype had two numerical and one specific structural rearrangement of chromosomes (SRCs), der(14). Irradiation induced polyploidization and multiple fragmentations of chromosomes. In the process of cultivation, a pseudodiploid population of cells with the karyotype similar to the karyotype of nonirradiated cells began to predominate, but the number of clonal and nonclonal SRCs increased. At late passages, the karyotype of HindIIIG-1 cells again became identical to the karyotype of cells before irradiation and did not contain new clonal SRCs. The role of nonclonal and clonal SRCs in the process of survival of irradiated cells and the formation of new cell populations is discussed.
Feebly-interacting particles Carenza, Pierluca; Milstead, David A.; Wallisch, Benjamin
The European physical journal. C, Particles and fields,
12/2023, Letnik:
83, Številka:
12
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Particle physics today faces the challenge of explaining the mystery of dark matter, the origin of matter over anti-matter in the Universe, the origin of the neutrino masses, the apparent fine-tuning ...of the electro-weak scale, and many other aspects of fundamental physics. Perhaps the most striking frontier to emerge in the search for answers involves new physics at mass scales comparable to familiar matter, below the GeV-scale, or even radically below, down to sub-eV scales, and with very feeble interaction strength. New theoretical ideas to address dark matter and other fundamental questions predict such feebly interacting particles (FIPs) at these scales, and indeed, existing data provide numerous hints for such possibility. A vibrant experimental program to discover such physics is under way, guided by a systematic theoretical approach firmly grounded on the underlying principles of the Standard Model. This document represents the report of the FIPs 2022 workshop, held at CERN between the 17 and 21 October 2022 and aims to give an overview of these efforts, their motivations, and the decadal goals that animate the community involved in the search for FIPs.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The paper considers selection methods of reactive power compensator parameters of for alternating current transmissions by different conditions. Calculated relationships and graphic dependences are ...obtained.
The paper considers a development of devices for increasing capacity and improvement of control over power lines of electric power systems in the CIS countries
Objective
is to reduce the risk of infection of people with plague in the territory of a natural focus on the basis of the targeted public health educational work with risk groups.
Materials and ...methods
. In 2017, 30 visits were made by epidemiological groups to livestock farms in the epizootic zone to inform the population about the existing risks of plague infection and to conduct interviews to assess the level of alertness regarding the risk of the disease. Work was carried out with risk contingents with coverage of 1652 people (81% of the total number of people living in livestock camps).
Results
. It was found that 64% of the respondents knew about the danger of plague infection in the region. 91% are aware of the role of marmots in infecting people with plague. 96.3% of respondents are aware of the ban on hunting groundhogs, while 39% continue to prey upon the grey (Altai) groundhog. The identified gaps in the population’s alertness regarding the risk of plague infection were eliminated through active sanitary and educational work with the population.
Conclusion
. Direct work with the population, anti-epidemic groups, significantly affected the provision of epidemiological welfare as regards plague, which is confirmed by the absence of human plague cases in the natural focus in 2017-2019.
Tumors with ocogenic Ras protein expression are hard to cure, since they are able to restore viability after treatment with antitumor agents by activating cytoprotective processes. The search for new ...targets for more effective therapy has shown that mitochondria can serve as such a target, since Ras-expressing cells receive ATP primarily through oxidative phosphorylation, rather than glycolysis, like many other types of tumor cells. The study investigated the death of tumor cells expressing oncogenic Ras after X-ray irradiation in comparison with inhibitor of mitochondrial integrity ABT199 inhibitor (venetoclax) of mitochondrial integrity. It was shown that cells show different response in time to the action of damaging agents. In the early stages (2–24 h after of treatment), autophagy is activated, which eliminates damaged mitochondria and increases cell viability, while the appearance of senescent cells after 72 h is part of a late response that suppresses proliferation. Inhibition of autophagy and senescence increases cell death under the action of damaging agents, which indicates that these processes play a key role in inhibition of cell death after mitochondrial damage. Thus, inhibition of autophagy and senescence can increase the efficiency of tumor cell elimination by antitumor agents.
Aim. To assess the impact of the first wave of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on the diagnosis of heart disease in the Russian Federation.Material and methods. Fifteen Russian medical ...centers from 5 cities took part in an online survey organized by the Division of Human Health of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), containing questions regarding alterations in cardiovascular procedure volumes resulting from COVID-19 in March-April 2020.Results. A number of outpatients undergoing cardiac diagnostic procedures was noted in 80% of clinics. Cardiovascular procedure volumes in the period from March 2019 to March 2020 in general decreased by 9,5%, and from March 2019 to April 2020, by 56,5%. Stress electrocardiography decreased by 38,4%, stress echocardiography by 72,5%, stress single-photon emission computed tomography by 66,9%, computed tomography angiography by 49,7%, magnetic resonance imaging by 42,7%, invasive coronary angiography by 40,7%. The decrease in diagnostic procedure volumes in selected regions (Tomsk Oblast, Kemerovo Oblast, Tatarstan) was not so pronounced compared to Moscow and St. Petersburg (-20,7%, -75,2%, -93,8% in April 2020, respectively, p<0,001).Conclusion. The first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic caused a sharp decrease in the number of diagnostic cardiac procedures in Russia. This has potential longterm implications for patients with cardiovascular disease. Understanding these implications can help guide diagnostic strategies during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and minimize the future losses.
Methodology for selection of main parameters of power network with minimum cost of power transmission and distribution is considered in the paper. While using this methodology saving in power ...expenditure and losses is calculated.
Objective
of the study was to identify epidemiological peculiarities of HFRS outbreak in the territory of the Saratov Region in 2019 and to determine the key factors contributing to the intensity of ...epidemic process.
Materials and methods.
Analyzed are the data on 2702 cases of HFRS registered in the territory of the Saratov Region in 2019, obtained from the Rospotrebnadzor Administration in the Saratov Region and Center of Hygiene and Epidemiology in the Saratov Region. The basic method of investigation was epidemiological one with application of advanced information technologies.
Results and discussion.
Retrospective analysis of epidemic HFRS manifestations in the Saratov Region showed that HFRS outbreak of 2019 was the largest over the period of disease reporting, both by the number of cases (2702) and by the duration. Early onset of increase in the incidence (may) and allocation of the majority of cases to the territory of the natural park “Kumysnaya Polyana”(75 %) should be considered as characteristic features of the outbreak. We have conducted epidemiological zoning of the Saratov Region allowing for dividing the Region into four types of territories which differ by the level of risk of HFRS exposure (very high, high, medium, and low), as well as distinguishing the most hazardous in terms of HFRS infection territories of Saratov. The key factors affecting the surge in HFRS cases were high numbers of infected rodents during spring months of 2019 due to mild and extremely snowy winter of 2018–2019; reduction in forest engineering works aimed at turning the focal territory into aesthetic forestry. The change in the character of exploitation of 9 % of the natural park “Kumysnaya Polyana” resulted in the increase of population contacts with natural-focal complexes. Mass visits to natural focus during early spring period against the background of low alertness to risks of HFRS infection led to explosive growth of HFRS incidence.
PDF
