To determine the clinical usefulness of Doppler ultrasonography in the diagnosis of the Nutcracker phenomenon, as an alternative to computed tomographic scans (CT).
This study consisted of 52 ...patients that presented with intermittent hematuria of unknown origin between January 2006 to April 2008. Doppler ultrasonography was used to assess the left renal vein (LRV) by measuring the anteroposterior (AP) diameter and peak systolic velocity (PSV) in supine and standing positions, at the hilar and interaortomesenteric portions of the LRV. These data were compared with CT scans. The sensitivity and specificity of duplex sonography was determined using the AP diameter and PSV ratios to assess the cut-off levels. Kappa (k) statistic was also evaluated.
mean AP diameters of the LRV measured by Doppler sonography were 8.38 mm at the hilar and 3.17 mm under the SMA, compared to 9.3 mm (hilar) and 3.2 mm (SMA) in the supine and standing position respectively. The PSV in the supine position was 25.77 cm/s and 115.48 cm/s, respectively, compared to 25.54 cm/s and 125.96 cm/s in the standing position. The cut-off levels were 3.85 (sensitivity: 61.5%, specificity: 80.8%, k:0.42) for the supine and 4.12 (sensitivity:61.5%, specificity: 65.4%, k: 0.27) for the standing AP diameter, 2.99 (sensitivity: 92.3%, specificity: 73.1%, k: 0.65) for the supine and 3.73 (sensitivity: 96.4%, specificity: 79.2%, k: 0.76) for the standing PSV.
Our data show that the standing PSV ratio is the best parameter for to detecting entrapment of the LRV.
The aim of this study was to quantify the physiological workload of manual laborers in industrial sugarcane and assess the effect of receiving a rest, shade, and hydration intervention to reduce heat ...stress exposure risk.
In an observational study, physiological workload was evaluated for burned cane cutters (BCC), seed cutters (SC) and drip irrigation repair workers (DIRW) using heart rate (HR) recorded continuously (Polar®) across a work shift. Workers' percentage of maximal HR (%HR
), time spent in different HR zones, and estimated core temperature (ECTemp) were calculated. The effect of increasing rest across two harvests was evaluated for BCC and SC.
A total of 162 workers participated in this study 52 BCC (all male), 71 SC (13 female) and 39 DIRW (16 female). Average %HRmax across a work shift was similar between BCC and SC (BCC: 58%, SC: 59%), but lower in DIRW (51%). BCC and SC spent similar proportions of work shifts at hard/very hard intensities (BCC: 13%, SC: 15%), versus DIRW who worked mostly at light (46%) or light-moderate (39%) intensities. SC maximum ECTemp reached 38.2°C, BCC 38.1°C; while DIRW only reached 37.7°C. Females performed at a higher %HR
than males across work shifts (SC 64% versus 58%; DIRW 55% versus 49%). An additional rest period was associated with a lower average %HR
across a work shift in BCC.
In this setting, BCC and SC both undertake very physiologically demanding work. Females maintained a higher workload than male co-workers. Regulated rest periods each hour, with water and shade access, appears to reduce physiological workload/strain.
To calculate the prevalence of psychological morbidity and anxiety about death among patients. To observe the association of these variables with the presence of chronic illness, consumption of ...psychiatric drugs and frequency of attendance.
Cross-sectional, descriptive study.
Semi-urban primary care centre.
The study was proposed to 281 patients and accepted by 226 over 18 years old, selected systematically from among 1829 people who attended for consultation between May and July 1999. We calculated 30% prevalence of psychological morbidity.
Face-to-face Interviews and questionnaires using the Goldberg Anxiety and Depression scales and Templer's scale of Anxiety about death. 63.7% women and 36.3% men responded, with an average age of 52.2 (SD 16.2). Positive Anxiety and Depression scale (prevalence of psychological morbidity) 55.3%; 61.8% in women and 43.9% in men (p = 0.009). Mean score on scale of anxiety about death 6.08 (SD 3.15); 6.66 in women (SD 2.67) and 5.05 in men (SD 2.67) (p < 0.0005). In over-attenders, anxiety about death was 6.61 (SD 3.23); and in those who are not, 5.81 (SD 3.10) (p = 0.074). The group with psychiatric morbidity had 38.4 mean visits (SD 27.28) against 35.5 (SD 22.59) for those without psychiatric morbidity (NS). In patients with psychiatric morbidity, the mean on the scale of anxiety about death was 7.51 (SD 3.33); and 5.33 (2.65) in patients without it (p < 0.0005).
High prevalence of psychiatric morbidity. The majority are women, who have a mean value of anxiety about death which is greater than men's. We found no association between anxiety about death and over-attendance. The patients with psychiatric morbidity are more anxious about death. Chronic illness, age and consumption of psychiatric drugs are linked to a greater use of the clinic. We only found a relationship between psychiatric morbidity and a greater demand for health-care among the over-70s.
Estimar la prevalencia de psicomorbilidad y de ansiedad ante la muerte en población consultante. Observar la asociación de estas variables con la presencia de enfermedad crónica, consumo de ...psicofármacos y frecuentación.
Estudio descriptivo, transversal.
Centro semiurbano de atención primaria.
Propuesta del estudio a 281 sujetos, aceptando 226 mayores de 18 años, seleccionados sistemáticamente entre 1.829 personas que consultaron de mayo a julio de 1999. Estimamos una prevalencia de psicomorbilidad del 30%.
Entrevistas personales y cuestionarios usando las escalas de Ansiedad y Depresión de Goldberg y la de Ansiedad ante la Muerte de Templer. Responde un 63,7% de mujeres y el 36,3% de varones; media, 52,2 años (DE, 16,2). Escala de Ansiedad y Depresión positiva (prevalencia de psicomorbilidad), 55,3%; mujeres, 61,8%, y varones, 43,9% (p = 0,009). Puntuación media de la escala de Ansiedad ante la Muerte 6,08 (DE, 3,15); mujeres, 6,66 (DE, 2,67), y varones, 5,05 (DE, 2,67) (p < 0,0005). En los hiperfrecuentadores la ansiedad ante la muerte es de 6,61 (DE, 3,23) y de 5,81 (DE, 3,10) en los que no lo son (p = 0,074). El grupo con psicomorbilidad tiene una media de visitas de 38,4 (DE, 27,28) frente a las 35,5 (DE, 22,59) de los que no tienen (NS). En pacientes con psicomorbilidad, la media de la escala de Ansiedad ante la Muerte es de 7,51 (DE, 3,33), y de 5,33 (2,65) en los pacientes sin ella (p < 0,0005).
Alta prevalencia de psicomorbilidad. La mayoría son mujeres y tienen un valor medio de ansiedad ante la muerte superior a los varones. No hallamos asociación entre ansiedad ante la muerte e hiperfrecuentación. Los pacientes con psicomorbilidad tienen más ansiedad ante la muerte. La enfermedad crónica, la edad y el consumo de psicofármacos se asocian a una mayor utilización de la consulta. Sólo en mayores de 70 años encontramos relación entre psicomorbilidad y una más alta demanda de visitas.
To calculate the prevalence of psychological morbidity and anxiety about death among patients. To observe the association of these variables with the presence of chronic illness, consumption of psychiatric drugs and frequency of attendance.
Cross-sectional, descriptive study.
Semi-urban primary care centre.
The study was proposed to 281 patients and accepted by 226 over 18 years old, selected systematically from among 1829 people who attended for consultation between May and July 1999.We calculated 30% prevalence of psychological morbidity.
Face-to-face interviews and questionnaires using the Goldberg Anxiety and Depression scales and Templer's scale of Anxiety about death. 63.7% women and 36.3% men responded, with an average age of 52.2 (SD 16.2). Positive Anxiety and Depression scale (prevalence of psychological morbidity) 55.3%; 61.8% in women and 43.9% in men (p = 0.009). Mean score on scale of anxiety about death 6.08 (SD 3.15); 6.66 in women (SD 2.67) and 5.05 in men (SD 2.67) (p < 0.0005). In over-attenders, anxiety about death was 6.61 (SD 3.23); and in those who are not, 5.81 (SD 3.10) (p = 0.074). The group with psychiatric morbidity had 38.4 mean visits (SD 27.28) against 35.5 (SD 22.59) for those without psychiatric morbidity (NS). In patients with psychiatric morbidity, the mean on the scale of anxiety about death was 7.51 (SD 3.33); and 5.33 (2.65) in patients without it (p < 0.0005).
High prevalence of psychiatric morbidity. The majority are women, who have a mean value of anxiety about death which is greater than men's.We found no association between anxiety about death and over-attendance. The patients with psychiatric morbidity are more anxious about death. Chronic illness, age and consumption of psychiatric drugs are linked to a greater use of the clinic.We only found a relationship between psychiatric morbidity and a greater demand for health-care among the over-70s.
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