Objective
To describe differences in outcomes between pregnant women with and without coronavirus dsease 2019 (COVID‐19).
Design
Prospective cohort study of pregnant women consecutively admitted for ...delivery, and universally tested via nasopharyngeal (NP) swab for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) using reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction. All infants of mothers with COVID‐19 underwent SARS‐CoV‐2 testing.
Setting
Three New York City hospitals.
Population
Pregnant women >20 weeks of gestation admitted for delivery.
Methods
Data were stratified by SARS‐CoV‐2 result and symptomatic status, and were summarised using parametric and nonparametric tests.
Main outcome measures
Prevalence and outcomes of maternal COVID‐19, obstetric outcomes, neonatal SARS‐CoV‐2, placental pathology.
Results
Of 675 women admitted for delivery, 10.4% were positive for SARS‐CoV‐2, of whom 78.6% were asymptomatic. We observed differences in sociodemographics and comorbidities among women with symptomatic COVID‐10 versus asymptomatic COVID‐19 versus no COVID‐19. Caesarean delivery rates were 46.7% in symptomatic COVID‐19, 45.5% in asymptomatic COVID‐19 and 30.9% in women without COVID‐19 (P = 0.044). Postpartum complications (fever, hypoxia, readmission) occurred in 12.9% of women with COVID‐19 versus 4.5% of women without COVID‐19 (P < 0.001). No woman required mechanical ventilation, and no maternal deaths occurred. Among 71 infants tested, none were positive for SARS‐CoV‐2. Placental pathology demonstrated increased frequency of fetal vascular malperfusion, indicative of thrombi in fetal vessels, in women with COVID‐19 versus women without COVID‐19 (48.3% versus 11.3%, P < 0.001).
Conclusion
Among pregnant women with COVID‐19 at delivery, we observed increased caesarean delivery rates and increased frequency of maternal complications in the postpartum period. Additionally, intraplacental thrombi may have maternal and fetal implications for COVID‐19 remote from delivery.
Tweetable
COVID‐19 at delivery: more caesarean deliveries, postpartum complications and intraplacental thrombi.
Tweetable
COVID‐19 at delivery: more caesarean deliveries, postpartum complications and intraplacental thrombi.
This article includes Author Insights, a video available at https://vimeo.com/rcog/authorinsights16403
New mono-nuclear cobalt (II) tetra4-(2-{(E)-(4-bromophenyl)iminomethyl}phenoxy) phthalocyanine (CoTBrImPc) complex has been synthesized for the first time in pure state. The synthesized dark blue ...coloured complex was characterized by elemental analysis, IR, UV–Vis, NMR, Mass, powder X-ray diffraction and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) to understand the structural integrity, purity and crystalline property of the complex. The synthesized phthalocyanine complex was found to be electrochemically active and it was immobilized on the glassy carbon electrode by drop-casting method and used for the detection of l-cysteine. The CoTBrImPc modified electrode was found to be a good electrocatalyst for the catalytic oxidation of l-cysteine with shift in the overpotential towards less positive potential and an increase in the catalytic current compared to bare glassy carbon electrode (GCE). The linear response was observed for the voltametric detection of l-cysteine in the concentration range 10–100nM with coefficient of regression R2=0.9993 and LOD of 3nM and sensitivity of 2.99μAnM−1cm−2. The amperometric sensor was also developed for the detection of l-cysteine which showed linear response in the concentration range same as that of cyclic voltammertry technique with a linear equation y=0.7582x+16.9535 and correlation coefficient of R2=0.9961. The LOD and LOQ values for amperometric detection were 4nM and 12nM, respectively with the sensitivity value of 10.81μAnMcm−2.
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•New mono-nuclear CoTBrImPc complex has been synthesized in pure state.•The ligand and complex were characterized by spectroscopic and electrochemical techniques.•The CoTBrImPc modified electrode was employed for nanomolar detection of l-cysteine by voltammetry and amperometry.•The modified electrode is selective and sensitive for amperometric sensing of cysteine.•The modified electrode can be used for the analysis of cysteine in commercial sample.
AbstractCarbon fabric-reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites have replaced most aluminum and ferrous alloys in aerospace construction owing to their attractive high strength-to-weight ratio. CFRPs used ...in aircraft should have electromagnetic shielding ability in addition to structural properties. Hence, the study of Electromagnetic (EM) wave shielding by hybrid CFRPs is an important topic of research. In this article, we summarize research advancements for enhancing the EM wave shielding of CFRP composites in the X-band frequency range. This study focuses on the manufacturing and performance of carbon-fabric-based composites with metals, metal oxides, and carbon-based fillers. The factors influencing the EM wave shielding ability of the CFRP composites are also discussed. The EM wave shielding of Carbon fibers (CF) was remarkably improved by coating, electroless plating, and synthesizing nanoparticles on the carbon fiber surface. It was found that the carbonious fillers and metal nanofillers such as Nickel (Ni), Iron (Fe), and Silver (Ag)-loaded multilayer CFRP composites showed better absorption modes of EM wave shielding with good structural properties. Owing to the Ag nanowire coating on the CFs, the shielding effectiveness was drastically improved. However, in addition to the type of filler, the structural properties are also influenced by the manufacturing method and type of composite. In the case of laminated composites, the absorption-laminated EM shielding is influenced by the architecture of the plys and the type and number of interplay in the composite construction. In addition, the techniques adopted for the synthesis of nanoparticles and dispersion in composites for effective EM shielding are challenging tasks.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
A novel selenated Schiff base (S)‐L1H has been synthesized from (2S)‐1‐(benzylselanyl)‐3‐phenylpropan‐2‐amine which upon reduction formed a reduced Schiff base (S)‐L2H. Palladium (II) complexes (S)‐1 ...and (S)‐2 of ligands (S)‐L1H and (S)‐L2H respectively were successfully synthesized. The structures of all four compounds were thoroughly identified by analytical and various spectroscopic techniques. The absolute molecular structures of the above two complexes were further confirmed by single crystal X‐ray diffraction. Both (S)‐L1H and (S)‐L2H coordinated as monobasic ((S)‐L1–2), chelating, tridentate (Se,N,O−) ligands resulting in the complexes of composition (S)‐PdCl(L1/2) (S)‐1/2. In the crystals of complexes (S)‐1 and (S)‐2, there were moderate to strong Se⋯O, CH⋯Cl and CH⋯O types of intermolecular secondary interactions. CT‐DNA binding activity of these selenium‐containing ligands and their palladium complexes bearing a Pd–Se bond have been evaluated for the first time by performing electronic absorption titration and fluorescence emission quenching using CT‐DNA‐EB and viscometric experiments. These ligands and complexes exhibited remarkable DNA binding activity as shown by their intrinsic DNA binding constants (Kb) and Stern–Volmer constants (Ksv) in the ranges 5.2–9.9 × 104 and 3.6–4.7 × 104, respectively. The viscosity of CT‐DNA decreases with increasing concentration of these compounds. The results of the DNA‐binding studies revealed that all of the compounds interact with DNA at a minor groove which was further confirmed by molecular docking studies.
Synthesized chiral selenated ligands and their palladium complexes. The absolute crystal structures of palladium complexes determined by single crystal X‐ray diffraction. The new ligands and complexes were explored for CT‐DNA binding and docking studies.
Emblica officinalis
G. dried fruit tannin was extracted and applied as a natural mordant alone and in combination with metal mordant namely copper sulphate for dyeing on cotton and silk fabrics using ...natural dyes. The color strength, color-coordinates, wash and light fastness were also evaluated for cotton and silk fabrics with and without mordanting. The pre-mordanted cotton and silk fabrics on dyeing gave better color strength, wash and light fastness than those dyeing obtained without mordanting. The total phenolic content of the extract was calculated. Cotton and silk fabrics resulted in good antibacterial activity using the
Emblica officinalis G
. mordant. When mordant was used along with 0.5 and 1 % copper sulphate mordant and the activity enhanced and was active up to 20 washes.
Tamarind seed coat tannin was extracted and its tannin class was determined. The extracted tannin was employed as a natural mordant alone and in combination with metal mordant namely copper sulphate ...for cotton, wool and silk fabrics and dyed using natural dyes namely turmeric and pomegranate rind. The colour strength, colour coordinates, wash and light fastness were evaluated and compared for all the three fabrics with and without mordanting. The pre-mordanted fabrics on dyeing gave better colour strength, wash and light fastness than those dyeing obtained without mordanting. The total phenolic content of the extract was calculated and minimum inhibition concentration was 1% against both the Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria. The mordanted and dyed fabrics resulted in good antibacterial activity up to 20 washes, when natural mordant was used along with 0.5% and 1% copper sulphate mordant and dyed with natural dyes.
•Hydrogen in sodium is detected by Electro Chemical Hydrogen Meter.•Hydrogen in argon cover gas is detected by TCD and SnO2 based sensors.•A comprehensive hydrogen detection system demonstrated to ...track steam leak in SFR.
A comprehensive hydrogen detection system is developed to track steam leak into sodium by monitoring hydrogen in liquid sodium and in argon cover gas simultaneously and its performance is demonstrated. A fraction of hydrogen, generated from steam leaks, gets dissolved in liquid sodium while the other enters the cover gas and its relative distribution depends on the sodium temperature. Detectors for hydrogen in sodium and argon cover gas are deployed to track the hydrogen in liquid sodium and in cover gas to assess the extent of the steam leak.
The estimation of risk of recurrence for patients with colon carcinoma must be improved. A robust immune score quantification is needed to introduce immune parameters into cancer classification. The ...aim of the study was to assess the prognostic value of total tumour-infiltrating T-cell counts and cytotoxic tumour-infiltrating T-cells counts with the consensus Immunoscore assay in patients with stage I–III colon cancer.
An international consortium of 14 centres in 13 countries, led by the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer, assessed the Immunoscore assay in patients with TNM stage I–III colon cancer. Patients were randomly assigned to a training set, an internal validation set, or an external validation set. Paraffin sections of the colon tumour and invasive margin from each patient were processed by immunohistochemistry, and the densities of CD3+ and cytotoxic CD8+ T cells in the tumour and in the invasive margin were quantified by digital pathology. An Immunoscore for each patient was derived from the mean of four density percentiles. The primary endpoint was to evaluate the prognostic value of the Immunoscore for time to recurrence, defined as time from surgery to disease recurrence. Stratified multivariable Cox models were used to assess the associations between Immunoscore and outcomes, adjusting for potential confounders. Harrell's C-statistics was used to assess model performance.
Tissue samples from 3539 patients were processed, and samples from 2681 patients were included in the analyses after quality controls (700 patients in the training set, 636 patients in the internal validation set, and 1345 patients in the external validation set). The Immunoscore assay showed a high level of reproducibility between observers and centres (r=0·97 for colon tumour; r=0·97 for invasive margin; p<0·0001). In the training set, patients with a high Immunoscore had the lowest risk of recurrence at 5 years (14 8% patients with a high Immunoscore vs 65 (19%) patients with an intermediate Immunoscore vs 51 (32%) patients with a low Immunoscore; hazard ratio HR for high vs low Immunoscore 0·20, 95% CI 0·10–0·38; p<0·0001). The findings were confirmed in the two validation sets (n=1981). In the stratified Cox multivariable analysis, the Immunoscore association with time to recurrence was independent of patient age, sex, T stage, N stage, microsatellite instability, and existing prognostic factors (p<0·0001). Of 1434 patients with stage II cancer, the difference in risk of recurrence at 5 years was significant (HR for high vs low Immunoscore 0·33, 95% CI 0·21–0·52; p<0·0001), including in Cox multivariable analysis (p<0·0001). Immunoscore had the highest relative contribution to the risk of all clinical parameters, including the American Joint Committee on Cancer and Union for International Cancer Control TNM classification system.
The Immunoscore provides a reliable estimate of the risk of recurrence in patients with colon cancer. These results support the implementation of the consensus Immunoscore as a new component of a TNM-Immune classification of cancer.
French National Institute of Health and Medical Research, the LabEx Immuno-oncology, the Transcan ERAnet Immunoscore European project, Association pour la Recherche contre le Cancer, CARPEM, AP-HP, Institut National du Cancer, Italian Association for Cancer Research, national grants and the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer.
Achieving robust cancer-specific lethality is the ultimate clinical goal. Here, we identify a compound with dual-inhibitory properties, named a131, that selectively kills cancer cells, while ...protecting normal cells. Through an unbiased CETSA screen, we identify the PIP4K lipid kinases as the target of a131. Ablation of the PIP4Ks generates a phenocopy of the pharmacological effects of PIP4K inhibition by a131. Notably, PIP4Ks inhibition by a131 causes reversible growth arrest in normal cells by transcriptionally upregulating PIK3IP1, a suppressor of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. Strikingly, Ras activation overrides a131-induced PIK3IP1 upregulation and activates the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. Consequently, Ras-transformed cells override a131-induced growth arrest and enter mitosis where a131's ability to de-cluster supernumerary centrosomes in cancer cells eliminates Ras-activated cells through mitotic catastrophe. Our discovery of drugs with a dual-inhibitory mechanism provides a unique pharmacological strategy against cancer and evidence of cross-activation between the Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways via a Ras˧PIK3IP1˧PI3K signaling network.
The hydrodynamics of a coastal aquifer system was investigated in the Kendrapara district, Odisha, India. The analysis of 248 groundwater samples collected across one monsoonal season indicates that ...the anisotropic coastal aquifer is affected by salinity. Taking into account the hydrodynamic variables of hydraulic head, transmissivity, saturated thickness and the effective porosity of the aquifer, a Darcy flow analysis of groundwater was carried out to determine the flow volume residual, flow direction and flow rate of the aquifer system in the region. These modelled outputs display significant disturbed nature of groundwater ‘flow–regimes’ which, in turn, is suggestive of major structural changes to the depositional basin. Geospatial and geostatistical cluster analysis carried out for the modelled parameters in relation to the tectonic elements of the region indicated that faults have a significant influence on aquifer hydrodynamics and, in turn, on the hydrogeochemistry of the system. This inference is further justified from the spatial analysis of earthquake epicentres for the last 50 years which shows a close interrelationship with the ‘North Odisha Boundary Fault’. The investigation also draws inference from the sudden directional change of river Brahmani which seems to be affected by the ‘Mahakalapara–Rajnagar’ strike-slip fault. On the basis of these findings, it is suggested that the subsurface non-granular (clayey) horizons have been extensively deformed by the tectonic disturbances. This has led to the juxtaposition or detachment of aquifer domains which, in turn, has led to the intermixing of varied groundwater types giving rise to the observed salinity of the study region.
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