El objetivo de este estudio de caso es analizar qué elementos pueden facilitar la re-significación de la práctica educativa en estudiantes universitarias de Educación infantil. El artículo analiza el ...contenido de los seminarios en los que ocurre la reflexión conjunta, la entrevista a la tutora y el cuestionario que responden las 13 estudiantes en prácticas. Los resultados sugieren que la re-significación acontece en la fase de actividad interactiva denominada interpretación y las ayudas de la tutora que han sido clave para la re-significación de la práctica son: ayudas dialógicas; las dirigidas a la identificación de factores; las orientadas a la construcción de un marco interpretativo; y las ayudas dirigidas al establecimiento de relaciones con experiencias previas, con la situación analizada y con conocimientos académicos.
There has been a proliferation of service-learning practices in many disciplines of higher education. Although there are many instruments to assess various aspects related to service-learning, only a ...few are valid and reliable. This research tries to fill that gap by providing an optimal instrument. To this end, 118 educators from 43 higher education institutions participated in the validation process. Sampling was incidental and based on opportunity. Participants were asked to fill in the Questionnaire for the Self-assessment of University Service-learning Experiences—45 (QaSLu-45), which consists of 45 items with a 5-point Likert scale and was validated qualitatively through the Delphi method in 2020. To validate the questionnaire psychometrically, four steps were followed. First, an exploratory factor analysis of the main components was performed. Next, robust unweighted least squares factor exploratory analysis was carried out. Then, the goodness-of-fit and reliability of the final questionnaire were calculated. Finally, the scales for the new reduced QaSLu-27 were established. These results provide a valid, robust, reliable instrument, the QaSLu-27, which not only facilitates the evaluation of service-learning experiences for improving teaching and learning processes but can also be useful for their design.
The relationship between 3D terrain complexity and fine-scale localization and distribution of species is poorly understood. Here we present a very fine-scale 3D reconstruction model of three zones ...of circalittoral rocky shelf in the Bay of Biscay. Detailed terrain variables are extracted from 3D models using a structure-from-motion (SfM) approach applied to ROTV images. Significant terrain variables that explain species location were selected using general additive models (GAMs) and micro-distribution of the species were predicted. Two models combining BPI, curvature and rugosity can explain 55% and 77% of the Ophiuroidea and Crinoidea distribution, respectively. The third model contributes to explaining the terrain variables that induce the localization of Dendrophyllia cornigera. GAM univariate models detect the terrain variables for each structural species in this third zone (Artemisina transiens, D. cornigera and Phakellia ventilabrum). To avoid the time-consuming task of manual annotation of presence, a deep-learning algorithm (YOLO v4) is proposed. This approach achieves very high reliability and low uncertainty in automatic object detection, identification and location. These new advances applied to underwater imagery (SfM and deep-learning) can resolve the very-high resolution information needed for predictive microhabitat modeling in a very complex zone.
This study presents a novel approach to high-resolution density distribution mapping of two key species of the 1170 "Reefs" habitat,
and
, in the Bay of Biscay using deep learning models. The main ...objective of this study was to establish a pipeline based on deep learning models to extract species density data from raw images obtained by a remotely operated towed vehicle (ROTV). Different object detection models were evaluated and compared in various shelf zones at the head of submarine canyon systems using metrics such as precision, recall, and F1 score. The best-performing model, YOLOv8, was selected for generating density maps of the two species at a high spatial resolution. The study also generated synthetic images to augment the training data and assess the generalization capacity of the models. The proposed approach provides a cost-effective and non-invasive method for monitoring and assessing the status of these important reef-building species and their habitats. The results have important implications for the management and protection of the 1170 habitat in Spain and other marine ecosystems worldwide. These results highlight the potential of deep learning to improve efficiency and accuracy in monitoring vulnerable marine ecosystems, allowing informed decisions to be made that can have a positive impact on marine conservation.
The synthesis of Zn(1−x)CaxFe2O4 nanoparticles, x=0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1.0, was performed by sol-gel method followed by a heat treatment at 400°C for 30min. These ferrites showed nanometric sizes ...and nearly superparamagnetic behavior. The Zn0.50Ca0.50Fe2O4 and CaFe2O4 ferrites presented a size within the range of 12–14nm and appropriate heating ability for hyperthermia applications. Hemolysis testing demonstrated that Zn0.50Ca0.50Fe2O4 ferrite was not cytotoxic when using 10mg of ferrite/mL of solution. According to the results obtained, Zn0.50Ca0.50Fe2O4 is a potential material for cancer treatment by magnetic hyperthermia therapy.
•The synthesis of Zn(1−x)CaxFe2O4 ferrites was performed by sol-gel method.•CaFe2O4 and Zn0.50Ca0.50Fe2O4 ferrites showed heating ability.•The Zn0.50Ca0.50Fe2O4 ferrite demonstrated to be no hemolytic.
In this study, the Mg1−xZnxFe2O4 nanoparticles (x=0–0.9) were prepared by sol-gel method. These ferrites exhibit an inverse spinel structure and the lattice parameter increases as the substitution of ...Zn2+ ions is increased. At lower Zn content (0.1≤x≤0.5), saturation magnetization (Ms) increases, while it decreases at higher Zn content (x≥6). The remnant magnetization (0.17–2.0emu/g) and coercive field (6.0–60Oe) indicate a ferrimagnetic behavior. The average core diameter of selected ferrites is around 15nm and the nanoparticles morphology is quasi spherical. The heating ability of some Mg0.9Zn0.1Fe2O4 and Mg0.7Zn0.3Fe2O4 aqueous suspensions indicates that the magnetic nanoparticles can increase the medium temperature up to 42°C in a time less than 10min
•Magnetic nanoparticles of Mg1−xZnxFe2O4 were synthesized by sol-gel method.•Nanoparticles showing a single spinel crystalline structure were obtained.•Aqueous suspensions of Mg0.7Zn0.3Fe2O4 and Mg0.9Zn0.1Fe2O4 show heating ability.
INTRODUCCIÓN. La investigación apunta a que las experiencias en aprendizaje-servicio (ApS) en actividad física y deportiva (AFyD) favorecen el desarrollo personal y social de las personas receptoras. ...El objetivo de este estudio es conocer qué se recoge en la literatura sobre los beneficios psicosociales que obtienen estas personas, para elaborar un instrumento que facilite recoger su voz, la voz de las personas receptoras que tan frecuentemente es ventrilocuada. MÉTODO. Se realizó una revisión sistemática de la literatura, donde se analizaron 300 manuscritos publicados entre 2005-2021. El software Nvivo permitió discriminar la información centrada en los beneficios psicosociales, encontrando 91 referencias con información vinculada a las personas receptoras. De la revisión sistemática de la literatura emergieron 4 categorías: autoconcepto y autoestima, autonomía, relaciones interpersonales y diversión. Los resultados de este análisis posibilitaron construir las 54 preguntas que podrían facilitar la recogida de información sobre dichos aspectos. RESULTADOS. La mayor parte de los textos revisados afirman que estas experiencias ayudan a los colectivos receptores a mejorar su autopercepción corporal, profundizar en su conocimiento personal, ganar confianza en sus capacidades, superar prejuicios, tener una menor dependencia, incrementar su capacidad para pedir ayuda, ser más emprendedores, trabajar en equipo y/o colaboración, mostrar aptitudes para la socialización pacífica, expandir su red social, incrementar el disfrute, experimentar la calma y sentirse cansados. DISCUSIÓN. Se puede concluir que este estudio, al igual que otros, evidencia la necesidad de evaluar e investigar las experiencias de ApS en AFyD a través de las propias voces de los colectivos receptores; pero, además, ofrece un instrumento para superar este reto que se plantea en la investigación sobre ApS en AFyD.
Gorgonians play a fundamental role in the deep sea (below 200 m depth), composing three-dimensional habitats that are characterized by a high associated biodiversity and playing an important part in ...biogeochemical cycles. Here we describe the use of a benthic lander to monitoring polyps activity, used as a proxy of gorgonian feeding activity of three colonies of Placogorgia sp. Images cover a period of 22 days with a temporal resolution of 30 min. In addition, this seafloor observatory is instrumented with oceanographic sensors that allows continuous monitoring of the hydrographic conditions in the site. Deep-learning is used for automatic detection of the state of the polyps registered in the images. More than 1000 images of 3 large specimens of gorgonians are analyzed, annotating polyps as extended or retracted, using the semantic segmentation algorithm ConvNeXt. The segmentation results are used to describe the feeding patterns of this species. Placogorgia sp. shows a daily pattern of feeding conduct, depending on the hours of day and night. Using a Singular Spectrum Analysis approach, feeding activity is related to currents dynamics and Acoustic Doppler Current Profile (ADCP) return signal intensity, as proxy of suspended matter, achieving a linear correlation of 0.35 and 0.11 respectively. This is the first time that the behavior of the Placogorgia polyps, directly related to their feeding process, is described.
El aprendizaje-servicio ha tenido un importante impulso en las últimas décadas en la docencia universitaria. Sus efectos, tanto en el ámbito académico (alumnado y profesorado) como en el comunitario ...(colectivos desfavorecidos en riesgo de exclusión social y entidades socioeducativas), han sido avalados por la investigación. Sin embargo, son escasas las referencias a la evaluación de estos proyectos, y son limitados los instrumentos disponibles tanto para orientar su desarrollo como para valorar su calidad. El objetivo de este estudio ha sido la construcción de unos criterios para evaluar los proyectos de aprendizaje-servicio universitario. Para ello, se ha empleado el método Delphi, realizándose tres rondas de consulta a personas expertas. El resultado se concreta en la elaboración de una matriz de indicadores denominada aprendizaje-servicio universitario, formada por 9 dimensiones y 43 indicadores. Se concluye que este instrumento, además de evaluar la calidad de los proyectos de aprendizaje-servicio, también podría ser válido para verificar la innovación social desde el ámbito educativo. Las limitaciones principales han sido superar la perspectiva asistencialista todavía existente y la dificultad para implicar a las personas receptoras del servicio.
Service-learning has spread significantly in higher education in recent decades. Its effects in the academic field (students and teachers) and in the community (disadvantaged groups at risk of social exclusion and socio-educational partners) are backed by research. However, few works have considered the evaluation of these projects, and there are few instruments available for guiding their development and for assessing their quality. The aim of this study is to develop criteria to evaluate university service-learning projects. To do so, we used the Delphi method with three rounds of expert consultation. The result is a university service-learning, indicator matrix with 9 dimensions and 43 indicators. We conclude that, as well as evaluating the quality of service-learning projects, this instrument could also be valid for validating social innovation from the educational sphere. The principal limitations to overcome are the still-existing welfare perspective and difficulties with involving the recipients of the service.
In the present work we focus on the distribution of two species of sponges. One of these is
Asconema setubalense
, a sponge found in rocky substrate that was sampled with a photogrammetric vehicle ...through georeferenced images. The other is
Pheronema carpenteri
, which inhabits soft bottoms and was sampled by beam trawl. For the spatial distribution modeling of both sponges, the geomorphological variables of depth, slope, broad and fine scale bathymetric position index (BPI), aspect, and types of bottoms were used, all with a resolution of 32 m. Additionally, layers of silicates and currents near the bottom were extracted from Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service (CMEMS), with a resolution of ∼4 and ∼9 km, respectively. Due to the low resolution of the layers, it was considered necessary to validate their use by model comparison, where those that included these variables turned out to be more explanatory than the others. The models were developed in a complex continental break of the Central Cantabrian Sea, which comprises several submarine canyons and a seamount (Le Danois Bank). On the one hand, a very high resolution (32 m) spatial distribution model based on
A. setubalense
presence was developed using the MaxEnt maximum entropy model. On the other, depending on the availability of density data, generalized additive models (GAMs) were developed for
P. carpenteri
distribution, although in this case the sampler only allowed a maximum resolution of almost 1 Km. For the
A. setubalense
, the variables that best explained their distribution were ground types and depth, and for
P. carpenteri
, silicates, slope, northness, and eastward seawater velocity. The final model scores obtained were an AUC of 0.98 for the MaxEnt model, and an R squared of 0.87 for the GAM model.
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