Zur Erreichung der globalen Klimaziele ist eine drastische Emissionsminderung in allen Sektoren wie Energiewirtschaft, Gebäude, Verkehr und Landwirtschaft notwendig. Zudem spielt die Industrie ...hierbei eine zentrale Rolle. Neben der Emissionsminderung in der eigenen Produktion hat die Industrie die Aufgabe, klimaneutrale Produkte und emissionsfreie Produktionsverfahren hervorzubringen. Mit Hilfe einer neuen ökologischen Industriepolitik soll die Umgestaltung der Wirtschaft hin zur Klimaneutralität gelingen.
In early 2022, the new German government presented an ambitious mitigation strategy to meet its climate protection targets. in it, industry plays a central role in two respects: in achieving emission ...reductions in its own production, while also generating climateneutral products and emission-free production processes. Reconciling climate protection and competitiveness is a precondition for the success of such programme. Based on a review of previous policies, we argue for a "new green industrial policy", involving a more pronounced government commitment to target-oriented measures and a systemic perspective on the industrial transformation process. Zur Erreichung der globalen Klimaziele ist eine drastische Emissionsminderung in allen Sektoren wie Energiewirtschaft, Gebaude, Verkehr und Landwirtschaft notwendig. Zudem spielt die Industrie hierbei eine zentrale Rolle. Neben der Emissionsminderung in der eigenen Produktion hat die Industrie die Aufgabe, klimaneutrale Produkte und emissionsfreie Produktionsverfahren hervorzubringen. Mit Hilfe einer neuen okologischen Industriepolitik soll die Umgestaltung der Wirtschaft hin zur Klimaneutralitat gelingen.
Abstract In early 2022, the new German government presented an ambitious mitigation strategy to meet its climate protection targets. In it, industry plays a central role in two respects: in achieving ...emission reductions in its own production, while also generating climate-neutral products and emission-free production processes. Reconciling climate protection and competitiveness is a precondition for the success of such programme. Based on a review of previous policies, we argue for a “new green industrial policy”, involving a more pronounced government commitment to target-oriented measures and a systemic perspective on the industrial transformation process.
The introduction of micro CHP - the simultaneous production of heat and power in a single building based on small energy conversion units such as Stirling and reciprocating engines or fuel cells - is ...of increasing political and public interest. This book introduces into micro CHP systems and technologies, and presents the results of the first such investigation carried out by four German research bodies.
Carbon capture and storage (CCS) promises to allow for low-emissions fossil-fuel-based power generation. The technology is under development; a number of technological, economic, environmental and ...safety issues remain to be solved. CCS may prolong the prevailing coal-to-electricity regime and countervail efforts in other mitigation categories. Given the need to continue using fossil-fuels for some time, however, it may also serve as a bridging technology towards a renewable energy future. In this paper, we analyze the structural characteristics of the CCS innovation system and perform an energy-environment-economic analysis of the potential contribution of CCS, using a general equilibrium model for Germany. We show that a given climate target can be achieved at lower marginal costs when the option of CCS is included into the mix of mitigation options. We conclude that, given an appropriate legal and policy framework, CCS, energy efficiency and some other mitigation efforts are complementary measures and should form part of a broad mix of measures required for a successful CO
2 mitigation strategy.
In this paper, we compare different policy incentives for overcoming investment uncertainties that are typical for low-carbon technologies prior to their commercialisation, some of which may be ...attributable to market failures. The paper focuses on the particular case of carbon capture and storage (CCS) technologies and conducts a qualitative multi-criteria analysis of different public policy support schemes for CCS demonstration to evaluate their suitability. The assessed schemes include mandatory CCS, emission performance standards and several different financial incentives (in addition to the European Union Emission Trading Scheme). Based on the available literature and on experience in the UK and Germany with promotion instruments for low-carbon technologies, the results of our analysis suggest that two alternative schemes, a CCS bonus incentive or a carbon dioxide (CO₂) price guarantee, perform best in comparison with the other assessed instruments. While they reduce the uncertainty of CCS investments in the face of low European Union Allowance prices, they also avoid significant adverse impacts on operational and investment decisions in electricity markets.
Innovation is key to achieving a sustainable electricity system. New technologies and organizational changes can bring about more sustainable, climate-friendly electricity structures. Yet the ...dynamics of innovation are complex, and difficult to shape. This book, written by experts in the field, sets out to explore the dynamics, the drivers and the setting of innovation processes. Case studies on micro cogeneration, carbon capture and storage, consumer feedback, network regulation and emissions trading provide insights into innovation dynamics in the electricity system and are analyzed to derive strategic implications for innovation policies. A special focus is placed on drivers and barriers of change, and their consequences for shaping the innovation process. This book is an indispensable source of information for researchers and decision makers in energy and climate change as well as for lecturers and students interested in the principles and ramifications of electricity innovation dynamics.
Die Bekämpfung der Klimakrise kann mit Maßnahmen gegen Armut und soziale Ungleichheit Hand in Hand gehen. Für Deutschland zeigen viele gängige Konzepte, dass Klimaschutz und sozialer Ausgleich für ...Privathaushalte verbunden werden können, sodass gerade finanzschwache Haushalte in Summe netto finanziell profitieren können. Ein Beispiel ist die Bepreisung von CO2 und anderen Treibhausgasen, um eine Lenkungswirkung zu einer kohlenstoffarmen Wirtschaft zu entfalten. Diese belastet zwar die Verbraucher:innen, führt aber auch zu staatlichen Einnahmen. Werden die Einnahmen aus höheren CO2-Preisen benutzt, um eine Klimaprämie pro Kopf an alle Bürger:innen auszuzahlen, dann profitieren ärmere Menschen sogar, während die gewünschte Lenkungswirkung erhalten bleibt. Eine solche Pro-Kopf-Klimaprämie kann in mehreren Varianten umgesetzt werden. Ein Teil der Einnahmen oder die Umwidmung anderer politischer Maßnahmen könnte beispielsweise das Angebot klimaschonender Alternativen beschleunigen oder weitere soziale Flankierungen ermöglichen. Eine CO2-Bepreisung als Teil eines breiten Instrumentenmixes ist seit Langem intensiver Gegenstand der wissenschaftlichen Debatte, sozial ausgewogen gestaltbar und klimapolitisch überfällig.
Among the diverse economic instruments to foster energy efficiency (EE) and climate protection, tradable certificates have been investigated for renewable energy, and the EU directive on an ...emissions-trading scheme for CO
2 certificates has been approved in 2003. In contrast, tradable energy efficiency—or “white”—certificates have only lately been considered as a market-based tool to foster EE as compared with standards and labelling, for example. Theoretically, there is little doubt about the advantages. In practice, however, some fundamental problems arise. Critical issues are the design of an efficient artificial market for white certificates, its compatibility with the European emissions-trading system, the identification of a suitable target group for an EE obligation and the measurement of energy savings as compared with a reference use of energy. We use the theoretical framework of transaction cost economics to elaborate these issues. We conclude that transaction costs and investment specificity will restrict markets for white certificates in practice. Long-term contracts rather than spot trade will be the prevailing form of governance for EE investments.
This paper examines the deployment of microgeneration in Germany and the UK from a technological innovation systems (TIS) perspective. Based on the TIS functions approach, we condense supportive and ...obstructive factors and discuss the differences in the respective national setting for small-scale renewable and combined heat and power (CHP) technologies. The findings underline the relevance of legitimation and of institutional and financial support. High degrees of legitimacy were achieved in both the UK and Germany. In Germany, early institutional and financial support reduced uncertainty for new market entrants and consumers, and fuelled a self-reinforcing diffusion dynamic for small renewables. In the UK, by comparison, microgeneration enjoys little support. The paper concludes that distributed generation will not be successful without a more focussed and technology-oriented innovation policy.
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