Abstract
We present a comprehensive multiwavelength investigation of a likely massive young cluster “IRAS 05100+3723” and its environment with the aim to understand its formation history and feedback ...effects. We find that IRAS 05100+3723 is a distant (∼3.2 kpc), moderate-mass (∼500
M
⊙
), young (∼3 Myr) cluster with its most massive star being an O8.5V type. From spectral modeling, we estimate the effective temperature and log
g
of the star to be ∼33,000 K and ∼3.8, respectively. Our radio continuum observations reveal that the star has ionized its environment, forming a H
ii
region of size ∼2.7 pc, temperature ∼5700 K, and electron density ∼165 cm
−3
. However, our large-scale dust maps reveal that it has heated the dust up to several parsecs (∼10 pc) in the range 17−28 K and the morphology of warm dust emission resembles a bipolar H
ii
region. From dust and
13
CO gas analyses, we find evidence that the formation of the H
ii
region has occurred at the very end of a long filamentary cloud around 3 Myr ago, likely due to edge collapse of the filament. We show that the H
ii
region is currently compressing a clump of mass ∼2700
M
⊙
at its western outskirts, at the junction of the H
ii
region and filament. We observe several 70
μ
m point sources of intermediate mass and class 0 nature within the clump. We attribute these sources as the second-generation stars of the complex. We propose that the star formation in the clump is either induced or being facilitated by the compression of the expanding H
ii
region onto the inflowing filamentary material.
Abstract
Conjugate gradient method (CGM) with adjoint problem is a popular optimization algorithm in solving the inverse heat transfer problems. It starts with the initial guess solution of unknown ...parameters to be estimated which would be updated in an iterative procedure. The initial guess solution is one of the significant factors for the accuracy of estimation. In the current study, the Jaya algorithm has been developed to provide the initial guess solution to CGM. The resultant algorithm is called hybrid algorithm. The test problem considered here for the study is the estimation of transient boundary heat flux for two-dimensional hydrodynamically developed and thermally developing forced convective laminar duct flow. The hybrid algorithm is found to be robust and accurate than CGM.
•Leuconostoc sp. is responsible for low sugar recovery in post-harvest sugar industry.•Benzalkonium chloride along with sodium metasilicate, is beneficial in limiting the growth and proliferation of ...Leuconostoc sp.•Eco-friendly compounds, pine oil and salt water is effective in controlling Leuconostoc sp.
Post-harvest sucrose losses are always a critical problem for sugar industries. A predominant factor which is causing these post-harvest losses that affects sugar recovery is the bacterium Leuconostoc spp. This study aims to check the efficacy of certain chemical treatments in reducing the proliferation of this bacterium. Our study based on a Leuconostoc-specific media revealed that application of 0.5 % aqueous solution of benzalkonium chloride and sodium metasilicate (BKC + SMS), formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, sodium chloride and pine oil showed significant reduction in zone of proliferation. Considering formaldehyde and glutaraldehyde as control, the most effective treatments were chemical formulations of benzalkonium chloride along with sodium metasilicate, pine oil and sodium chloride in checking the proliferation of this bacterium. The application of these treatments has an immense potential in the sugar industry for reducing post-harvest sugar losses.
A study was carried out to estimate vicarious calibration coefficients for the OCM2 (Ocean Color Monitor) sensor onboard Oceansat-2 and also the AWiFS (Advanced Wide Field Sensor) sensor onboard ...Resourcesat-1 using reflectance measurements over three land sites – Dhrangadhra, Desalpar, and Bhachau – in the Rann of Kutch, Gujarat, India, on four dates (17 October 2010, 25 and 29 April 2011, and 1 May 2011). Hyperspectral field reflectance measurements of the study sites (of extent ˜2 km × 2 km) in the wavelength range 325–2500 nm, along with measurements of atmospheric parameters (aerosol optical depth (AOD), water vapour, ozone) and sensor spectral response functions, were input to the 6S atmosphere correction code to compute top-of-atmosphere (TOA) at-satellite radiance in the eight visible and near infrared (NIR) bands of OCM2 and the four visible, NIR, and shortwave infrared (SWIR) bands of the AWiFS sensor. The uncertainty in vicarious calibration coefficients due to measured spatial variability of field reflectance, aerosol optical thickness (AOT), water vapour, and ozone, was also computed for the OCM2 sensor for three dates (25 and 29 April 2011, 1 May 2011). The effect of surface anisotropy on TOA radiance was studied using a 15 day Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) product covering the study sites.The results show that there is an indication of change in calibration coefficients in OCM2, for band 2 (25 April Desalpar data), bands 2 and 5 (29 April Desalpar data), and bands 2–5 and 7 in Bhachau (1 May data), all at the 1σ level. For these bands, in the inverse mode, the 6S corrected surface reflectance was closer to field surface reflectance when estimated at-sensor radiances were used as input to the code. For AWiFS, there was no evidence of change in calibration coefficients of all four bands at the 1σ level. It was found that site spatial variability was a critical factor in estimating change in sensor calibration coefficients and influencing uncertainty in TOA radiance for all three sites.
Next generation direct dark matter detection experiments are favorable facilities to probe neutrino properties and light mediators beyond the Standard Model. We explore the implications of the recent ...data reported by LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) and XENONnT collaborations on electromagnetic neutrino interactions and neutrino generalized interactions (NGIs). We show that XENONnT places the most stringent upper limits on the effective and transition neutrino magnetic moment (of the order of few ×10−12μB) as well as stringent constraints to neutrino millicharge (of the order of ∼10−13e)–competitive to LZ–and improved by about one order of magnitude in comparison to existing constraints coming from Borexino and TEXONO. We furthermore explore the XENONnT and LZ sensitivities to simplified models with light NGIs and find improved constraints in comparison to those extracted from Borexino-Phase II data.
Mesogenic naphthyl derivatives Patel, H. N.; Prajapati, A. K.
Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals,
01/2017, Letnik:
643, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Two new mesogenic homologous series of liquid crystalline naphthalene derivatives with different central linkages: 2- Naphthyl-4-n-alkoxybenzoates (I) and trans-2-Naphthyl -4-n -alkoxycinnamates(II), ...have been synthesized and characterized by a combination of elemental analysis and standard spectroscopic methods. Twelve compounds have been synthesized in both the series I and II. In series I, methoxy to n-pentyloxy derivatives are non mesogenic, n-hexyloxy to n-hexadecyloxy derivatives exhibit monotropic nematic mesophase. Smectic A mesophase commences from n-decyloxy derivatives as a monotropy and persist up to the last member synthesized. All the 12 compounds of series II exhibit mesomorphism. Methoxy to n-propyloxy derivatives exhibit monotropic nematic mesophse, and n-butyloxy to n-tetradecyloxy derivatives exhibit enantiotropic nematic mesophase. n-Hexayloxy to n-hexadecyloxy derivatives also exhibit enantiotropic smectic A mesophase. The mesomorphic properties of present series were compared with each other and with a structurally related mesogenic homologous series to evaluate the effects of central linkage on mesomorphism.
Purpose of the present research was to evaluate in vitro and in vivo potential of gemcitabine (GEM) loaded hyaluronic acid (HA) conjugated PEGylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (GEM/HA-PEG-MWCNTs) ...for effective colon cancer targeting. HA was conjugated onto the surface of aminated or PEGylated MWCNTs which were evaluated for size, surface morphology, entrapment efficiency (~90%), in vitro drug release, in vitro cytotoxicity and in vivo performance in Sprague Dawley rats. In vitro release showed that the release rate of GEM in acidic conditions (pH 5.3) was faster than physiological conditions (PBS, pH 7.4) followed by a sustained release pattern. The developed GEM/HA-PEG-MWCNTs indicated significantly less hemolytic toxicity (7.73 ± 0.4%) paralleled to free GEM (18.71 ± 0.44%) and showed higher cytotoxicity against HT-29 colon cancer cell line. The antitumor study assured that GEM/HA-PEG-MWCNTs significantly reduced tumor volume as compared to free GEM and increased survival rate without noticeable loss in body weight. In vivo studies showed an improvement in pharmacokinetics in terms of remarkable escalation in mean residence time, half-life, AUC, AUMC, median survival time in tumor bearing rats treated with GEM/HA-MWCNTs and GEM/HA-PEG-MWCNTs as compared to free GEM (p ˂ 0.001). These outcomes proved engineered MWCNTs as a safe and effective nanomedicine in colon cancer targeting.
We report here design and synthesis of two new mesogenic homologous series of coumarin derivatives consisting of chalcone and imine central linkages along with terminal n-alkoxy chain. All the ...compounds were synthesized and characterized by combination of elemental analysis and standard spectroscopic methods. All compounds were screened under polarising optical microscope (POM) for liquid crystalline properties, thermogram of all compounds were studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) to get phase transition temperatures, enthalpy and entropy. X-ray single crystal study of n-octyloxy coumarin derivative 16 g was resolved with imine central linkage, which showed linear rod like geometry.
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•Synthesis of n-alkoxy coumarin derivatives with chalcone and imine linkages.•Study of liquid crystalline properties by DSC and POM.•Effect of central linkages chalcone and imine on mesophase stability.•Effect of chain length on mesophases for both chalcone and imine linkages.
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