Background and Aims: Omentin-1 might play a role in insulin resistance and obesity. This study is aimed at evaluating the influence of weight loss treatment on omentin-1 concentrations and other ...parameters after 2 different hypocaloric diets in obese subjects. Methods: A total of 239 obese subjects were randomly allocated during 12 weeks (Diet I – high-fat diet vs. Diet II – low fat diet), and their anthropometric and biochemical status were evaluated. Results: After dietary intervention, BMI, weight, fat mass, waist circumference, systolic blood, triglycerides, LDL cholesterol, insulin levels and homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance decreased in a statistical manner from their base values. After consuming diet II (low fat diet), the omentin-1 levels increased in males (20 ± 14 ng/mL) and females (35 ± 19 ng/mL). No changes were observed in omentin-1 levels after consuming hypocaloric diet type I (high fat). The multiple regression analyses after weight loss with diet I adjusted by age and sex showed a statistical association between BMI kg/m2 (Beta –0.33: 95% CI –4.58 to –0.11) and post-treatment omentin-1 levels. The analysis after weight loss with diet II showed a statistical association with BMI kg/m2 (Beta –0.31: 95% CI –3.93 to –0.08) and insulin UI/L (Beta –0.25: 95% CI –4.63 to –0.05) with post-treatment omentin-1 levels. Conclusions: Our design showed a significant increase in serum omentin-1 levels after weight loss secondary to a low fat hypocaloric diet, in contrast to no changes following consuming a high fat hypocaloric diet.
A intragenic biallelic polymorphism (1359 G/A) of the CB1 gene resulting in the substitution of the G to A at nucleotide position 1359 in codon 435 (Thr), was reported as a common polymorphism in ...Caucasian populations. Intervention studies with this polymorphism have not been realized.
We decided to investigate the role of the polymorphism (G1359A) of CB1 receptor gene on adipocytokines response and weight loss secondary to a lifestyle modification (Mediterranean hypocaloric diet and exercise) in obese patients.
A population of 94 patients with obesity was analyzed. Before and after 3 months on a hypocaloric diet, an anthropometric evaluation, an assessment of nutritional intake and a biochemical analysis were performed. The statistical analysis was performed for the combined G1359A and A1359A as a group and wild type G1359G as second group, with a dominant model.
Forty seven patients (50%) had the genotype G1359G (wild type group) and 47 (50%) patients G1359A (41 patients, 43.6%) or A1359A (6 patients, 6.4%) (mutant type group) had the genotype. In wild and mutant type groups, weight, body mass index, fat mass, waist circumference and systolic blood pressure decreased. In mutant type group, resistin (4.15 ± 1.7 ng/ml vs. 3.90 ± 2.1 ng/ml: P < 0.05), leptin (78.4 ± 69 ng/ml vs 66.2 ± 32 ng/ml: P < 0.05) and IL-6 (1.40 ± 1.9 pg/ml vs 0.81 ± 1.5 pg/ml: P < 0.05) levels decreased after dietary treatment.
The novel finding of this study is the association of the mutant allele (A1359) with a decrease of resistin, leptin and interleukin-6 secondary to weight loss.
Introduction: Omentin-1 might play a role in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and obesity. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of weight loss after biliopancreatic ...diversion on serum omentin-1 concentrations. Material and Methods A Caucasian population of 24 morbid obese patients was analyzed before and after 12 months of a biliopancreatic diversion surgery. Biochemical and anthropometric evaluation were realized at basal visit and at 12 months. Body weight, fat mass, waist circumferences, blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin, insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), lipid concentrations and omentin-1 were measured. Results: After bariatric surgery and in both gender groups (males vs. females); BMI, weight, fat mass, waist circumference, blood pressure, glucose , total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, HOMA-IR and fasting insulin decreased in a statistical manner from basal values. Omentin-1 levels increased after bariatric surgery and in both gender the improvement was similar (males vs. females); (delta: –87.1 ± 19.0 ng/dL; p = 0.02 vs. –93.8 ± 28.1 ng/dL; p = 0.03). In the multiple regression analysis adjusted by age and sex; BMI kg/m2 (Beta –0.32: 95% CI –3.98 to –0.12) and insulin UI/L (Beta –0.41: 95% CI –8.38 to –0.16) remained in the model with basal omentin-1 levels as dependent variable. The regression model with post-surgery omentin-1 levels as dependent variable showed as independent variables BMI kg/m2 (Beta –0.13: 95% CI –7.69 to –0.09) and insulin UI/L (Beta –0.24: 95% CI –5.69 to –0.08), too. Conclusion: This study showed a significant increase in omentin-1 levels after weight loss secondary biliopancreatic diversion surgery. A weak negative correlation with BMI and basal insulin levels was detected.
The role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) variants on diabetes prevalence, basal adipokine levels, body weight, and cardiovascular risk factors remains unclear in obese patients.
This ...study is aimed at analyzing the effects of rs10767664 BDNF gene polymorphism on diabetes mellitus prevalence, body weight, cardiovascular risk factors, and serum adipokine levels in obese female patients.
A total of 507 obese women were enrolled in a prospective way. Biochemical evaluation and anthropometric measures were recorded.
The frequency of diabetes mellitus in the group of patients with non-T allele was 20.1 and 28.3% in T-allele carriers. Logistic regression showed a risk of diabetes mellitus of 1.33 (95% CI 1.17-2.08) in subjects with T allele adjusted by age and body mass index (BMI). T-allele carriers with diabetes mellitus have a higher weight, BMI, waist circumference, blood pressure, glucose, homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), insulin, and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels than non-T-allele carriers.
rs10767664 polymorphism of BDNF gene is associated with prevalence of diabetes mellitus in obese female patients. T-allele carriers with diabetes mellitus have a higher weight, fat mass, blood pressure, level of insulin, glucose, HOMA-IR, and CRP than non-T-allele carriers.
Background and Aims: The aim of this study was to determine the association of single nucleotide polymorphism rs1501299 in the ADIPOQ gene with body weight, insulin resistance, serum adipokine levels ...and metabolic syndrome (MetS). Methods: The study involved a population of 1,007 adult obese subjects. Parameters like body weight, fat mass, waist circumferences, blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, C-reactive protein, insulin concentration, homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), lipid profile and adipocytokines levels (leptin, adiponectin and resistin) were all measured. The genotype of ADIPOQ gene polymorphism (rs1501299) was evaluated. Results: Insulin levels (GG: 13.6 ± 5.1 mUI/l vs. GT: 14.1 ± 5.2 mUI/l vs. TT: 16.6 ± 5.2 mUI/l; p < 0.05) and HOMA-IR (GG: 3.3 ± 1.5 units vs. GT: 4.1 ± 1.1 units vs. TT: 4.5 ± 1.3 units; p < 0.05) were higher in T-allele carriers than they were in non-T-allele carriers. Total adiponectin levels (GG: 20.2 ± 2.4 ng/dl vs. GT: 15.8 ± 3.4 ng/dl vs. TT: 13.7 ± 1.4 ng/dl; p < 0.05) were lower in T-allele carriers than they were in non-T-allele carriers. Logistic regression analysis indicated that subjects with T allele were associated with an increased risk of MetS (OR 1.15, 95% CI 1.08-1.25, p = 0.033) and an increased risk of hyperglycemia (OR 1.99, 95% CI 1.37-2.55, p = 0.028) after adjusting by age and gender. Conclusions: These data suggest an important role of this ADIPOQ variant at position +276 on insulin resistance, total adiponectin levels and MetS.
Background/Aims: The aim of our study was to evaluate the influence of lifestyle factors and molecular biomarkers on the maintenance of the weight lost after a hypocaloric Mediterranean diet. Design: ...After 3 months on a diet, patients (n = 335) remained with no controlled diet during 3 years and they were revaluated. Results: Using linear regression, in the group of responders, we detected that a positive weight loss at 3 months, serum levels of leptin at 3 months, and each 30 min per week of physical activity were associated with weight loss maintenance. In the model with reduced weight (RW) as dependent variable, a positive weight loss at 3 months was associated with 2.4% RW (95% CI 1.31–8.11; p = 0.015), each unit of serum leptin levels at 3 months with –0.44% RW (95% CI –0.59 to –0.020; p = 0.007), each basal unit homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) level with –2.32% (95% CI –13.01 to –0.17; p = 0.040), and each 30 min per week of physical activity with 1.58% RW (95% CI 1.08–2.94; p = 0.020). Conclusion: Obese subjects who are on maintenance weight loss after a dietary intervention appear to have a better initial response during the 3 months intervention, more physical activity at 3 years, and lower basal HOMA-IR and leptin after weight loss than those who regain weight.
Some Pseudomonas syringae pathovars secrete tabtoxin, a monocyclic beta -lactam antibiotic, responsible for chlorosis, the principal halo blight symptom in susceptible plants as oats, rye, barley, ...wheat and sorghum, among other. Here, we demonstrated that the production of tabtoxin in a P. syringae strain increased at least 150%, when choline, betaine or dimethylglycine were used as nitrogen source, or when choline was added as osmoprotectant in hyperosmolar culture media. Besides, we investigated the induction of phosphorylcholine phosphatase (PchP) activity when choline or its metabolites were used as nitrogen sources. PchP is an enzyme involved in Pseudomonas aeruginosa pathogenesis through its contribution to the breakdown of choline-containing compounds of the host cells. Considering these results and that the success of a pathogenic microorganism depends on its ability to survive and proliferate in its target tissue, we propose that choline is one of the plant signals that contribute to establishment of the infection by tabtoxin-producing strains of P. syringae.
PI3Kδ (idelalisib) and BTK (ibrutinib) inhibitors have demonstrated significant clinical activity in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) interfering with the cross-talk between CLL cells and the lymph ...node microenviroment, yet their mechanism of action remains to be fully elucidated. Here, we developed an
model with the aim of reproducing the effects of the microenvironment that would help shed light on the
mechanism of action of idelalisib and ibrutinib and predict their clinical efficacy in individual patients. First we explored the effects of various cell-extrinsic elements on CLL apoptosis and proliferation and found that the combination of CpG+IL2+HS5 stromal cell line + human serum +CLL plasma and erythrocyte fractions represented the best co-culture conditions to test the effects of the novel inhibitors. Then, using this assay, we investigated the impact of idelalisib and ibrutinib on both survival and proliferation in 30 CLL patients. While both drugs had a limited direct pro-apoptotic activity, a potent inhibition of proliferation was achieved at clinically achievable concentrations. Notably, up to 10% of CLL cells still proliferated even at the highest concentrations, likely mirroring the known difficulty to achieve complete responses
. Altogether, this novel assay represents an appropriate
drug testing system to potentially predict the clinical response to novel inhibitors in particular by quantifying the antiproliferative effect.
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