Fusarium proliferatum known as a pathogen of sheath rot disease. This study aims to determine the genetic diversity by rep-PCR and determine the relationship between the molecular diversity data and ...the in vitro environmental treatment by using light, pH and temperature and rice variety test. The rep-PCR amplification demonstrated that F. proliferatum was categorized into two groups. Based on the mycelial weight and the growth rate parameters, the 12light/12dark, pH 8, and 25 °C sub-treatments showed the highest outcomes, while in continuous light, pH 6, and 25 °C sub-treatments got the highest spore production. The Inpari 30 rice variety showed the highest disease severity results for F. proliferatum infection. Both the results of the F. proliferatum groups did not affect the fungal growth and fungal infection in several tested rice varieties. These findings suggest that each isolate has a different ability to grow, produce mycelium and spores, and infect a specific rice variety.
Exobasidium vexans, causing tea blister blight, is an obligate parasitic fungus and one of the most detrimental pathogens in most tea plantations in Asia. Information about genetic diversity of E. ...vexans is necessarily needed to develop disease management based on pathogen evolution. This study aimed to understand the genetic diversity of E. vexans from three different locations in Wonosobo, Central Java, and Indonesia. Isolates used in this study were collected from blister light symptomized leaves, in three different locations. Isolates were identified using morphological indicators and DNA sequencing, and then genetic diversity was analysed using RAPD markers. Basidiospore size and shape were not different among isolates. Molecular identification based on ITS genes confirmed that ten isolates causing tea blister blight taken from the three locations were E. vexans. Clustering analysis indicates recombination occurred which triggered the high genetic diversity among samples. The polyculture system may have caused high genetic diversity.
Rice sheath rot caused by some pathogens. It occurs in the upper leaf sheath that wraps the rice panicle, its major features are rotting, discoloration, sometimes affecting rice grain production. ...Lampung is an important rice-producing area in Indonesia. Currently, rice sheath rot in the area is reportedly caused by Fusarium sulawesiense and Fusarium hainanense. This study aimed to identify the rice sheath rot pathogen accurately by sampling locations at varying altitudes, plant ages, and varieties in Lampung Sampling was conducted in Lampung, infected plants were collected and the pathogen isolates were molecularly characterized on the basis of DNA sequence data for the internal transcribed spacer and translation elongation factor 1-α. Pathogenicity test results showed that 16 fungal isolates caused rice sheath rot. These isolates were identified as Sarocladium oryzae, Fusarium bubalinum, F. hainanense, Setophoma poaceicola, Curvularia geniculata, and Alternaria padwickii. This study is the first to report that S. poaceicola is a pathogen of rice sheath rot.
Fusarium incarnatum-equiseti species complex (FIESC) contain over 40 members. The primer pair Smibo1FM/Semi1RM on the RPB2 partial gene has been reported to be able to identify Fusarium semitectum. ...The F. fujikuroi species complex (FFSC) contains more than 50 members. The F. verticillioides as a member of this complex can be identified by using VER1/VER2 primer pair on the CaM partial gene. In this research, the Smibo1FM/Semi1RM can amplify F. sulawesiense, F. hainanense, F. bubalinum, and F. tanahbumbuense, members of FIESC at 424 bp. The VER1/VER2 can amplify F. verticillioides, F. andiyazi, and F. pseudocircinatum, members of FFSC at 578 bp. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism by using the combination of three restriction enzymes EcoRV, MspI, and HpyAV can differentiate each species of FIESC used. The two restriction enzymes HpaII and NspI can distinguish each species of FFSC used. The proper identification process is required for pathogen control in the field in order to reduce crop yield loss.
Fusarium incarnatum-equiseti species complex (FIESC) contain over 40 members. The primer pair Smibo1FM/Semi1RM on the RPB2 partial gene has been reported to be able to identify Fusarium semitectum. ...The F. fujikuroi species complex (FFSC) contains more than 50 members. The F. verticillioides as a member of this complex can be identified by using VER1/VER2 primer pair on the CaM partial gene. In this research, the Smibo1FM/Semi1RM can amplify F. sulawesiense, F. hainanense, F. bubalinum, and F. tanahbumbuense, members of FIESC at 424 bp. The VER1/VER2 can amplify F. verticillioides, F. andiyazi, and F. pseudocircinatum, members of FFSC at 578 bp. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism by using the combination of three restriction enzymes EcoRV, MspI, and HpyAV can differentiate each species of FIESC used. The two restriction enzymes HpaII and NspI can distinguish each species of FFSC used. The proper identification process is required for pathogen control in the field in order to reduce crop yield loss.
Pramunadipta S, Widiastuti A, Wibowo A, Suga H, Priyatmojo A. 2020. Short Communication: Sarocladium oryzae associated with sheath rot disease of rice in Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 1243-1249. One ...of the obstacles in increasing rice production is the presence of sheath rot pathogen infection, which causes changes in color on the rice sheath to brown or reddish-brown, sometimes does not produce rice grain. The major fungal pathogens that cause sheath rot disease are Sarocladium oryzae and Fusarium spp. The loss of rice yields reaches 85%. The disease found in six provinces, some of which are the largest rice-producing centers in Indonesia. A total of twenty-four Sarocladium sp. were isolated from leaf sheath symptom on potato dextrose agar and water agar medium. Sheath rot pathogen identification based on molecular method was performed using internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rDNA gene sequencing. Necrosis occurs after artificial inoculation in Ciherang rice variety was observed and showed that all isolates were pathogenic. Morphological characterization of the isolates identified them as Sarocladium sp. Molecular identification showed that six representatives isolates belonging to S. oryzae. These findings are important information about the fungal pathogen that causes sheath rot disease in Indonesia, and in studies for formulating control measures of the pathogen in the future to prevent the disease epidemic on rice. This is the first report about the existence of sheath rot disease, morphological characterization and molecular identification of S. oryzae in various rice fields in Indonesia.
Root and basal stem rot (RBSR) is a new serious disease affecting sugarcane plantation in Indonesia and can lead to devastating yield losses in crop-producing areas, particularly in Lampung and South ...Sumatra. This disease was first described in Taiwan. Based on morphological characteristics,
Xylaria
cf
warburgii
was identified as the causal agent of this disease in Taiwan and Lampung, Indonesia. However, the causal agent of sugarcane RBSR in South Sumatra, Indonesia, has still not been characterized. Here, we aimed to isolate and characterize the causal agent of sugarcane RBSR in South Sumatra based on morphological and molecular analyses. Accordingly, the fungal pathogen from diseased sugarcane in South Sumatra was isolated and the internal transcribed spacer region and morphological characteristics were used to identify the causal agent. Based on the morphological characteristics and phylogenetic tree generated using sequences of the ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacers,
Xylaria arbuscula
was identified to be the causal agent of RBSR. Pathogenicity assay confirmed that symptoms caused by
X. arbuscula
infection resembled those observed in plant in the field. This is the first report of characterization
of X. arbuscula
causing sugarcane root and basal stem rot in Indonesia.
Padi (Oryza sativa) termasuk ke dalam komoditas penting di Indonesia. Salah satu penyakit penting pada tanaman padi ialah penyakit hawar pelepah yang disebabkan oleh Rhizoctonia solani. Tujuan ...penelitian ini untuk mengetahui karakteristik dan kelompok anastomosis R. solani yang diisolasi dari tanaman padi varietas Ciherang, IR 64, Mekongga, dan Situ Bagendit; dan mengetahui keragaman genetiknya menggunakan primer universal, dan tingkat kekerabatannya. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada Oktober 2019 hingga Juli 2020 di Laboratorium Teknologi Pengendalian UGM. Pengambilan sampel dilaksanakan di Kecamatan Pandak, Bantul yang selanjutnya dilakukan isolasi dan pemurnian cendawan Rhizoctonia menggunakan medium agar-agar dekstrosa kentang. Isolat R. solani diklasifikasikan berdasarkan keragaman kultur, keragaman morfologi, jumlah inti sel, kemampuan anastomosis (AG), dan keragaman genetik. Analisis keragaman genetik dilakukan dengan PCR menggunakan primer universal ITS1 dan ITS4. Berdasarkan pengamatan keragaman kultur dan keragaman morfologi diperoleh hasil yang bervariasi. Hasil pengamatan jumlah inti sel pada keseluruhan isolat berkisar antara 5 hingga 7 inti pada sel yang termasuk dalam kategori multinukleat. Pengamatan kelompok anastomosis (AG) pada 13 isolat yang digunakan masuk ke dalam kategori C3 (anastomosis sempurna). Analisis PCR diperoleh pita DNA dengan hasil sesuai target yaitu 600–750 pb. Hasil secara sikuensing diketahui bahwa 12 isolat R. solani menunjukkan kekerabatan yang tinggi dengan isolat AG-1 IA, kecuali pada isolat CH 3.
Leatherleaf fern (Rumohra adiantiformis) is an important ornamental plant in Indonesia and global. Green fern leaves with bold dark green color with long shelf-life, attract florists as decoration. ...Indonesia is one important leatherleaf fern exporters, however currently an outbreak of leaf blight decreased production significantly. Initial symptom was reddish brown spots from edge of leaf, which was gradually followed by dark-brown necrotic lesions causing leaf blight and dried. This is a study to do Koch-Postulate approach and molecular identification, to identify the pathogen of the “new emerging disease” reported. Based on multigene analysis using primers from ITS, β-tub and tef1-α gene markers, the pathogen was identified as Neopestalotiopsis sp. All sequences have been deposited in GenBank with accession number of OR905551 (ITS), OR899817 (ß-tubulin) and OR899816 (TEF). This Neopestalotiopsis leaf blight causes an emerging concern in leatherleaf fern in Indonesia and global biosecurity because it infected an export commodity.
Biodiversity has been defined as the range of significantly different types of organisms and their relative abundance in an assemblage of community. The aim of this research was to understand about ...soil bacterial community after on biological control agents (BCA) treatments with various formulations. This research was conducted at Sleman Regency, Special Region of Yogyakarta and Faculty Agriculture of Universitas Gadjah Mada. The research conducted with culture dependent and culture independent methods to assess soil bacterial diversity. The results showed that soil bacterial diversity before and after treatment of biological control agent were different. Results from this research suggested different molecular methods regarding soil bacterial diversity based on their benefits and challenges.
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