INFEKCIJSKE BOLEZNI PRI OTROKU Jagodic Bašič, Veronika; Berkopec, Tanja; Prodanović, Nina ...
Slovenska pediatrija,
05/2022, Letnik:
29, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
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Nalezljive bolezni povzroča širjenje mikroorganizmov (bakterij, virusov, gliv ali parazitov) ali prionov na ljudi z drugih ljudi, živali ali okolja. Okužbe se prenašajo kontaktno, kapljično ali ...aerogeno. Prenašajo se neposredno s človeka na človeka, preko okuženih predmetov, z uživanjem kontaminirane hrane ali pijače, s stikom s kontaminiranimi telesnimi tekočinami in z ugrizom ali pikom živali. V prispevku opisujemo zdravstveno obravnavo pri Lymski boreliozi in klopnem meningoencefalitisu, mišji mrzlici, ter okužbah povzročenih z virusom ošpic ter virusom varicella zoster virus. Številne nalezljive bolezni, kot so ošpice in norice, lahko preprečimo s cepivi. V bolnišničnem okolju moramo izvajati postopke aerogene izolacije. če okuženi ne potrebuje hospitalizacije, se mora izolirati v domačem okolju. Pri boleznih, ki jih prenašajo živali, upoštevamo preventivne ukrepe. Ozaveščanje prebivalcev o pomembnosti zaščite pred vbodom klopa in dosledno samopregledovanje sta ključnega pomena za zmanjševanje šte-vila okuženih z Lymsko boreliozo in klopnim meningoencefalitisom. Preventivno ravnanje proti mišji mrzlici je zaščita pred vdihovanjem aerosolov. Za zaščito proti klopnemu meningoencefalitisu je na voljo cepivo, ki ga priporočamo otrokom od prvega leta dalje. Zaradi vojne v Ukrajini in velikega števila razseljenih je možen porast okužb s tuberkulozo in ošpicami ter multirezistentnimi bakterijami. Pri bolnišnični obravnavi oseb s tega področja upoštevamo z zdravstveno oskrbo povezane ukrepe za preprečevanje in obvladovanje okužb.
INFECTIOUS DISEASES IN CHILDREN Veronika Jagodic Bašič; Tanja Berkopec; Nina Prodanović ...
Slovenska pediatrija,
05/2022, Letnik:
29, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Infectious diseases are diseases that are caused by spread of microorganisms (bacteria, viruses, fungus or parasites) or prions to the people from the humans, animals or environment. Infections have ...been transmitted by contacts, droplets or aero genus, directly from human to human, through infected objects, with consumption of contaminated food or beverage, contact with contaminated body liquids or with bite or peak of an animal. Healthcare management of infections caused by Lyme borrelia, tick – borne meningoencephalitis, hantaviruses, measles virus and varicella zoster virus are discussed. Many infectious diseases, such as measles and chickenpox, could be prevented with vaccines. The procedures of aerogenic isolation need to be applied in hospital environment; if however the infected person does not need to be hospitalized he (she) must be isolated at home environment. Raising of people awareness is very important for animal borne diseases. The awareness upon importance of protection against tick bites and consistent self-examination is crucial for diminishing of infections with Lyme borellia and tick – borne meningoencephalitis and protection against inhalation of aerosols while cleaning the abandoned areas against mouse fever. There is a vaccine against tick – borne meningoencephalitis which is recommended from the age of one year. Due to Ukrainian war and increased number of displaced persons an increase in infections with tuberculosis, measles and the emergence of multi- resistant bacteria is possible. All measures to prevent and control healthcare connected infections should be considered when treating individuals from this area.
This paper focuses on various perspectives and challenges language teachers face while assessing language learners’ proficiency level and relying on standardised placement tests in compliance with ...the CEFR. The aim of this study is to obtain a more critical insight into language testingin terms of the relationship between a test form and test score; to provide an interpretation of the CEFR-based proficiency levels; and to address the inclusion of the CEFR scheme in the real-life, academic language environment. Through a comparative, qualitative analysis, it examines the achievements of a group of respondents, undergraduate students majoring in English, recorded in a standardised pen-and paper test focusing on their written language competence to determine their CEFR language proficiency levels. It also analyses errors, and compares the results obtained at different levels within the CEFR context, providing a theoretical background to the role and place grammar has in language teaching and learning. The main findings of the research point out the commonest grammatical errors found at the B2 and C1/2levels, also revealing inconsistent and unexpected types which contribute to a deeper understanding of the complexities language assessment implies. This paper presents results which identify the areas that could be improved in terms of testing grammatical competence within the CEFR framework.
Natural coagulant isolated from the common bean seeds was tested for the removal of metals (Cr, Cu and Zn) and As from the municipal wastewater treatment plant effluent (WWTP) spiked with target ...analytes dose of 100 µg/L. Optimal coagulant dose of 37.5 µL/L was initially obtained based on organic matter removal efficiency since this parameter is regulated by legislation. Subsequently, it was assessed how this particular dose affects metals and As content. A moderate coagulation activity at pH 6.0 was observed for the removal of As (32–39%) and Zn (23–52%). The results were compared with the kaolinite efficiency (dose 100 mg/L at pH 6.0) which significantly removed only As (36–48%), while for Cr and Cu removal was at the level of analytical method bias (near 20%). The combination of the two processes was tested by application of different dosing sequences (simultaneous dosing of coagulant and kaolinite and successive dosing of first coagulant and then kaolinite) and showed less removal than separate coagulation or adsorption process. Combined procedures were efficient only for As removal (above the analytical method bias range), and the observed efficiency was 18–25% by simultaneous dosing, while successive dosing achieved up to 31%.
Because encouraging rates for hospital and long-term survival of immunocompromised patients in ICUs have been described, these patients are more likely to receive invasive therapies, like ...extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO).
To report outcomes of immunocompromised patients treated with ECMO for severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and to identify their pre-ECMO predictors of 6-month mortality and main ECMO-related complications.
Retrospective multicenter study in 10 international ICUs with high volumes of ECMO cases. Immunocompromised patients, defined as having hematological malignancies, active solid tumor, solid-organ transplant, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, or long-term or high-dose corticosteroid or immunosuppressant use, and severe ECMO-treated ARDS, from 2008 to 2015 were included.
We collected demographics, clinical data, ECMO-related complications, and ICU- and 6 month-outcome data for 203 patients (median Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score, 28 25th-75th percentile, 20-33; age, 51 38-59 yr; Pa
/Fi
, 60 50-82 mm Hg before ECMO) who fulfilled our inclusion criteria. Six-month survival was only 30%, with a respective median ECMO duration and ICU stay of 8 (5-14) and 25 (16-50) days. Patients with hematological malignancies had significantly poorer outcomes than others (log-rank
= 0.02). ECMO-related major bleeding, cannula infection, and ventilator-associated pneumonia were frequent (36%, 10%, and 50%, respectively). Multivariate analyses retained fewer than 30 days between immunodeficiency diagnosis and ECMO cannulation as being associated with lower 6-month mortality (odds ratio, 0.32 95% confidence interval, 0.16-0.66;
= 0.002), and lower platelet count, higher Pco
, age, and driving pressure as independent pre-ECMO predictors of 6-month mortality.
Recently diagnosed immunodeficiency is associated with a much better prognosis in ECMO-treated severe ARDS. However, low 6-month survival of our large cohort of immunocompromised patients supports restricting ECMO to patients with realistic oncological/therapeutic prognoses, acceptable functional status, and few pre-ECMO mortality-risk factors.
Although chest trauma happens very often, accompanying tricuspid valve injuries occur rarely and may be manifested by scarce symptoms and signs. Pericardial rupture with cardiac herniation is even a ...bigger rarity. Transthoracic echocardiography plays a key role in the diagnosis of valve injuries but is of limited value in cardiac herniation.
We present the case of 58-year-old man who experienced severe chest trauma in a car accident. Symptoms of right heart failure occurred 10 years after the injury, due to the loss of tricuspid leaflet support caused by the rupture of tendinous chords with significant tricuspid regurgitation. Intraoperatively, old posttraumatic pericardial rupture into left pleura was also found, with partial cardiac herniation and pressure of the edge of pericardium on all left-sided coronary arteries simultaneously. The patient was successfully operated and is free of symptoms 4 years later.
This case emphasizes the importance of timely diagnosis and underlines a mechanism that leads to delayed rupture of the tricuspid valve apparatus. Repeated echocardiography in all patients who experienced chest trauma could be of great importance. Also, given the limited value of echocardiography in posttraumatic pericardial rupture and cardiac herniation, cardiac computed tomography should be performed.
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