Modern e+e− factories with high luminosity require fast response of the detector subsystems to suppress severe beam background. The prototype of the electromagnetic calorimeter based on the counter ...with a pure CsI crystal, novel wavelength shifter with nanostructured organosilicon luminophores and avalanche photodiodes Hamamatsu S8664-55 is discussed. Results of detection of cosmic particle signals by such a prototype are reported.
Amber
Succinea putris
snails were collected in the Leningrad Region (Russia). Some of them were infected with trematodes
Leucochloridium paradoxum
,
Leucochloridium perturbatum
and
Leucochloridium ...vogtianum
. One snail had triple infection with all these species. Genotyping of sporocysts by ITS1–5.8S–ITS2 nucleotide sequences of ribosomal DNA (rDNA) and phylogenetic analysis were performed. The results confirmed the species identification of sporocysts of
Leucochloridium
based on the shape and colour of mature broodsacs. Sporocyst broodsacs could leave the host snail on their own, remaining viable in the environment for up to an hour. This ability of sporocysts may prevent the excessive infection of the molluscan host.
—
A
Leucochloridium
sp. Carus, 1835 sporocyst with a mature colored broodsac was found in a
Succinea putris
L., 1758 snail in the Boksitogorsk district of Leningrad Region (Russia). The pigmentation ...of the sporocyst’s broodsac was different from those of other
Leucochloridium
Carus, 1835 species previously described for Europe. The obtained sporocyst is most similar by the coloration of its broodsac to the trematodes of the same genus from Japan. The genotyping of the investigated sporocyst by the rDNA gene fragments (complete ITS1, ITS2, 5.8S and partial 18S and 28S sequences) was conducted. Genetic distances between the obtained sporocyst and the previously described species of the genus
Leucochloridium
were higher than intraspecific ones in the most cases. These data and the data of morphological analysis imply that the investigated sporocyst belongs to a separate species of the
Leucochloridium
genus, previously not described in the European region.
The study of molluscan innate immunity is essential for understanding the evolution of the immune system. An advance in the knowledge of their immune system can be achieved by increasing the number ...of model species. Our study focuses on the immunity of Planorbarius corneus, a pulmonate snail widely distributed in Eurasia. These snails are intermediate hosts of many trematodes, including Bilharziella polonica (Schistosomatidae). In this paper we obtained and analyzed transcriptomes of hemocytes of uninfected snails Planorbarius corneus and snails naturally infected with Bilharziella polonica. The transcriptomes were found to contain transcripts encoding all major groups of immune factors previously described for other gastropods. Pathogen-recognition molecules were the most diverse group of immune factors. Comparison of the transcriptomes of the infected and the uninfected molluscs showed that the expression of some genes changed during infection. Our results extend the knowledge of immune responses of pulmonate snails to trematode invasion and promote P. corneus as a new model for the study of molluscan defence reactions.
•The first study of Planorbarius corneus hemocytes transcriptome.•Transcripts encoding representatives of all main groups of innate immunity factors are detected.•PRR is the most diverse group of immune factors in snails hemocytes.•Infection with Bilharziella polonica changes expression of some genes in hemocytes.
The creation of aviation and rocket and space systems and complexes based on the principles of modularly distributed systems allows simultaneous improvement of multidirectional technical and economic ...criteria. Such an opportunity is provided, in particular, when solving modern and urgent problems of morphological and functional analysis and synthesis of systems.
Fibrinogen-related proteins (FREPs) are calcium-dependent lectins with one fibrinogen domain and one or two immunoglobulin-like domains. The FREPs of gastropod molluscs can undergo somatic ...diversification, which is unique among pathogen-recognizing molecules of invertebrates. The structure of the genomic regions encoding FREPs implies the possibility of alternative splicing and somatic mutagenesis. Since the discovery of FREPs in
Biomphalaria glabrata
, these molecules have been described in many gastropods. At least 14 subfamilies of FREPs are currently known. FREPs of different subfamilies selectively participate in the immune response to various pathogens. In particular, their role in defense reactions to trematode invasion and resistance to trematodes of particular species has been confirmed. The supposed functions of FREPs are diverse, ranging from the recognition of foreign matter to the opsonization and neutralization of pathogens. Despite the abundance of studies of FREPs, the Russian literature on this subject is scarce. The main purpose of this review is to analyze the available information on gastropod FREPs and to discuss their role among pattern recognition receptors of molluscs.
We found two functional populations of hemocytes in the hemolymph of the pulmonate snail Planorbarius corneus: hyalinocytes and granulocytes. The hyalinocytes were much more numerous than ...granulocytes. Each population was subdivided into subpopulations based on morphological and functional characteristics. The hyalinocyte population was represented by two subpopulations differing in size, granularity, and ability to form pseudopodia. In snails infected with the trematodes Plagiorchis sp., the cellular composition of the hemolymph changes, with hemocytes being mostly represented by granulocytes. This phenomenon is associated with the fact that granulocytes form a hemocytic paletot on the surface of sporocysts of Plagiorchis sp. It is suggested that pulmonate molluscs have one lineage of hemolymph cells. Hematopoietic stem cells can divide, ensuring multiplication of prohemocytes. The latter differentiate into hyalinocytes, which, in turn, differentiate into granulocytes.
Probe researches of glow discharge in argon Prokhorova, E I; Platonov, A A; Nazarov, A I
Journal of physics. Conference series,
12/2020, Letnik:
1683, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The gas-discharge media with an inverse distribution of neutral and charged particles are of great interest for science and practical applications. A striking example of this is the laser operation. ...In the second half of the last century, a number of articles used to consider the possibility of forming an inverse electron distribution function (EDF), resulting in negative plasma conductivity. By analogy with the inverse population of excited states in lasers, such a medium will amplify electromagnetic waves. One of the first papers was the work 1. The most complete theoretical study was presented in 2. It is shown that with an inverse EDF in the low-energy part in gases with a Ramsauer minimum of the elastic scattering cross section stationary absolute negative conductivity will be formed.
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