The rapid rise of obesity during the past decades has coincided with a profound shift of our living environment, including unhealthy dietary patterns, a sedentary lifestyle, and physical inactivity. ...Genetic predisposition to obesity may have interacted with such an obesogenic environment in determining the obesity epidemic. Growing studies have found that changes in adiposity and metabolic response to low-calorie weight loss diets might be modified by genetic variants related to obesity, metabolic status and preference to nutrients. This review summarized data from recent studies of gene-diet interactions, and discussed integration of research of metabolomics and gut microbiome, as well as potential application of the findings in precision nutrition.
We study the closed-loop solvability of a stochastic linear quadratic optimal control problem for systems governed by stochastic evolution equations. This solvability is established by means of ...solvability of the corresponding Riccati equation, which is implied by the uniform convexity of the quadratic cost functional. At last, conditions ensuring the uniform convexity of the cost functional are discussed.
As a new member of carbon allotropes, graphdiyne (GDY) has the characteristics of being one-atom-thick with two-dimensional layers comprising sp and sp
hybridized carbon atoms, and represents a trend ...in the development of carbon materials. Its unique chemical and electronic structures give GDY many unique and fascinating properties such as rich chemical bonds, highly conjugated and super-large π structures, infinitely distributed pores and high inhomogeneity of charge distribution. GDY has entered a period of rapid development, especially with the significant emergence of fundamental research and applied research achievements over the past five years. As one of the frontiers of chemistry and materials science, graphdiyne was listed in the Top 10 research areas in the 2020 Research Frontiers report and was jointly released in the Top 10 in the world by Clarivate and the Chinese Academy of Sciences. The research results have shown the great potential of GDY in the applications of energy, catalysis, environmental science, electronic devices, detectors, biomedicine and therapy,
Scientists are eager to explore and fully reveal the new properties, discover new scientific concepts and phenomena, discover the new conversion modes and mechanisms of GDY in photoelectricity, energy, and catalysis,
, and build the important scientific value of new conversion devices. This review covers research on the foundation and application of GDY, such as the controlled preparation of new methods of GDY and GDY-based materials, studies on new mechanisms and properties in chemistry and physics, and the foundation and applications in energy, catalysis, photoelectric and devices.
Although only a few 2D materials have been predicted to possess ferroelectricity, 2D ferroelectrics are expected to play a dominant role in the upcoming nano era as important functional materials. ...The ferroelectric properties of 2D ferroelectrics are significantly different than those of traditional bulk ferroelectrics owing to their intrinsic size and surface effects. To date, 2D ferroelectrics have been reported to exhibit diverse properties ranging from bulk photovoltaic and piezoelectric/pyroelectric effects to the spontaneous valley and spin polarization. These properties are either dependent on ferroelectric polarization or coupled with it for easy electric control, thus making 2D ferroelectrics applicable to multifunctional nanodevices. At present, cumulative efforts are being made to explore 2D ferroelectrics in theories, experiments, and applications. Herein, such theories and methods are briefly introduced. Subsequently, intrinsic and extrinsic origins of 2D ferroelectricity are separately summarized. In addition, invented or laboratory‐validated 2D ferroelectric‐based applications are listed. Finally, the existing challenges and prospects of 2D ferroelectrics are discussed.
2D ferroelectrics are expected to play a dominant role in the upcoming nano era as important functional materials. Relevant theories, as well as intrinsic and extrinsic 2D ferroelectrics, are outlined. Further, the existing challenges and prospects of the exploration in 2D ferroelectrics are also discussed, which should provide unprecedented opportunities in the fields of electronics, spintronics, optoelectronics, and valleytronics.
Sensitivity and pressure range are two significant parameters of pressure sensors. Existing pressure sensors have difficulty achieving both high sensitivity and a wide pressure range. Therefore, we ...propose a new pressure sensor with a ternary nanocomposite Fe
O
/C@SnO
. The sea urchin-like Fe
O
structure promotes signal transduction and protects Fe
O
needles from mechanical breaking, while the acetylene carbon black improves the conductivity of Fe
O
. Moreover, one part of the SnO
nanoparticles adheres to the surfaces of Fe
O
needles and forms Fe
O
/SnO
heterostructures, while its other part disperses into the carbon layer to form SnO
@C structure. Collectively, the synergistic effects of the three structures (Fe
O
/C, Fe
O
/SnO
and SnO
@C) improves on the limited pressure response range of a single structure. The experimental results demonstrate that the Fe
O
/C@SnO
pressure sensor exhibits high sensitivity (680 kPa
), fast response (10 ms), broad range (up to 150 kPa), and good reproducibility (over 3500 cycles under a pressure of 110 kPa), implying that the new pressure sensor has wide application prospects especially in wearable electronic devices and health monitoring.
A review of the salinity measurement technology based on the optical fiber sensor is presented. The principles of optical fiber measurement, the structures of probes and the characteristics of ...various sensing structures are concerned. Firstly, this paper discusses the relationship between the salinity and refractive index, and the effect of ion pairs on the refractive index. Secondly, four methods of direct or non-direct measurements of salinity are summarized, including optical refraction method, optical fiber grating, optical interference and surface plasmon effect. Subsequently, the article compares performances of various sensing structures and analyses the advantages and disadvantages of different sensors. Finally, a prospect of salinity measurement requirement and the development direction of fiber-optic sensors in this area are addressed.
The prevalence of obesity has been increasing markedly in the U.S. and worldwide in the past decades; and notably, the obese populations are signified by not only the overall elevated adiposity but ...also particularly harmful accumulation of body fat in the central region of the body, namely, abdominal obesity. The profound shift from "traditional" to "obesogenic" environments, principally featured by the abundance of palatable, energy-dense diet, reduced physical activity, and prolonged sedentary time, promotes the obesity epidemics and detrimental body fat distribution. Recent advances in genomics studies shed light on the genetic basis of obesity and body fat distribution. In addition, growing evidence from investigations in large cohorts and clinical trials has lent support to interactions between genetic variations and environmental factors, e.g., diet and lifestyle factors, in relation to obesity and body fat distribution. This review summarizes the recent discoveries from observational studies and randomized clinical trials on the gene-environment interactions on obesity and body fat distribution.
Rechargeable aqueous zinc ion batteries (AZIBs) promise high energy density, low redox potential, low cost and safety; however, their cycle performances are seriously insufficient to restrict the ...progress in this field. We propose a new concept of atomic electrode formed on the graphdiyne (GDY). This new idea electrode was synthesized by selectively, uniformly, and stably anchoring Zn atoms on GDY at the beginning of plating. The Zn atoms are induced to grow into larger size Zn clusters, which continue to grow into nanoflat. Finally, a new heterojunction interface is formed on GDY without any Zn dendrites and side reactions, even at high current densities. Such stepwise induction of growth greatly suppresses the formation of Zn dendrites, resulting in high electroplating/stripping reversibility and lifespan of AZIBs.
Gradually inducing an increase in size from atoms to nanoflat surfaces shows the great power of the conjugated, multi‐pore structure of graphdiyne (GDY). An electrode for aqueous zinc‐ion batteries obtained by anchoring Zn atoms on graphdiyne shows excellent electroplating/stripping reversibility and lifespan without any Zn dendrites and side reactions, even at high current densities.
Motivated by the newly observed narrow structures
Ω
b
(
6316
)
-
,
Ω
b
(
6330
)
-
,
Ω
b
(
6340
)
-
, and
Ω
b
(
6350
)
-
in the
Ξ
b
0
K
-
mass spectrum, we investigate the strong decays of the ...low-lying
Ω
b
states within the
3
P
0
model systematically. According to their masses and decay widths, the observed
Ω
b
(
6316
)
-
,
Ω
b
(
6330
)
-
,
Ω
b
(
6340
)
-
, and
Ω
b
(
6350
)
-
resonances can be reasonably assigned as the
λ
-
mode
Ω
b
(
1
P
)
states with
J
P
=
1
/
2
-
,
3
/
2
-
,
3
/
2
-
, and
5
/
2
-
. Meanwhile, the remaining
P
-
wave state with
J
P
=
1
/
2
-
should have a rather broad width, which can hardly be observed by experiments. For the
Ω
b
(
2
S
)
and
Ω
b
(
1
D
)
states, our predictions show that these states have relatively narrow total widths and mainly decay into the
Ξ
b
K
¯
,
Ξ
b
′
K
¯
and
Ξ
b
′
∗
K
¯
final states. These abundant theoretical predictions may be valuable for searching more excited
Ω
b
states in future experiments.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
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