Oxygen activation plays a crucial role in many important chemical reactions such as oxidation of organic compounds and oxygen reduction. For developing highly active materials for oxygen activation, ...herein, we report an atomically dispersed Pt on WO3 nanoplates stabilized by in situ formed amorphous H2WO4 out‐layer and the mechanism for activating molecular oxygen. Experimental and theoretical studies demonstrate that the isolated Pt atoms coordinated with oxygen atoms from WO6 and water of H2WO4, consequently leading to optimized surface electronic configuration and strong metal–support interaction (SMSI). In exemplified reactions of butanone oxidation sensing and oxygen reduction, the atomic Pt/WO3 hybrid exhibits superior activity than those of Pt nanoclusters/WO3 and bare WO3 as well as enhanced long‐term durability. This work will provide insight into the origin of activity and stability for atomically dispersed materials, thus promoting the development of highly efficient and durable single atom‐based catalysts.
Single atom‐based catalysts: Atomically dispersed Pt species have been stabilized by an in situ formed amorphous H2WO4 layer. The Pt atoms were coordinated by oxygen atoms from the WO6 octahedra of H2WO4 and water molecules. A strong metal–support interaction was observed between the Pt atoms and the oxide atoms of H2WO4, which resulted in a superior activity and stability of the Pt atoms for the oxygen activation.
Previous studies have demonstrated associations of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), a group of highly persistent chemicals ubiquitous in wildlife and humans, with hypertension, but the ...relationships are mixed. Furthermore, academic literature on the relationship between isomers of PFASs and blood pressure (BP) and hypertension in populations from a higher pollution area is scant. We studied 1612 Chinese adults, ages 22–96years old, from Shenyang, China, utilizing high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to analyze isomers of perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS), perfluorooctanoate (PFOA), and other PFASs in blood serum. We used a mercury sphygmomanometer to measure BP. Hypertension was defined as a mean systolic BP (SBP) of at least 140mmHg, and/or diastolic BP (DBP) of at least 90mmHg, and/or use of antihypertensive medications. The results showed that increased serum concentrations of all (both branched and linear) isomers of PFASs were associated with higher prevalence of hypertension. Adjusted odds ratios for hypertension per ln-unit (ng/mL) increase in PFASs ranged from 1.10 (95%CI: 1.04, 1.17) for perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA) to 1.26 (95%CI: 1.12, 1.42) for 3+4+5m PFOS, and the estimated increases in mean SBP and DBP ranged from 0.80mmHg (95%CI: 0.25, 1.34) for PFBA to 4.51mmHg (95%CI: 3.52, 5.51) for 3+4+5m PFOS, and from 0.51mmHg (95%CI: 0.01, 1.01) for perfluorodecanesulfonate (PFDS) to 2.48 (1.80, 3.16) for perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), respectively. Compared with linear PFASs isomers, we identified more and stronger associations among branched PFASs isomers and blood pressure. Furthermore, females exhibited consistently stronger effects than males. In conclusion, this study is the first of its kind to show that not only PFASs positively associated with elevated blood pressure, but also that branched PFAS isomers are more frequently associated with blood pressure than linear PFAS isomers.
Branched PFASs isomers show greater impact on blood pressure than linear PFASs. Display omitted
•Few studies explored the associations between isomeric PFASs and blood pressure in human.•Branched PFASs isomers show greater impact on blood pressure than linear PFASs.•More associations of PFASs with hypertension were found in females than in males.
Display omitted
•A series of pH-responsive copolymers are successfully synthesized via ARGET ATRP.•A novel pH-responsive cationic polymeric micelles (PCPMs) for oral insulin delivery is successfully ...fabricated.•The PCPMs are decorated with hydrophilic pH-sensitive PAEMA and hydrophilic pH-sensitive PMAA.•The release of drug is pH-triggered with negligble cytoxicity.•The PCPMs are potential smart drug delivery carriers for oral insulin delivery.
The development of intelligent oral drug delivery carrier aiming at efficiently bring insulin to intestine is of great significance for diabetes mellitus therapy. In the present study, a series of amphiphilic pH-sensitive block copolymer poly(methyl methacrylate-co-methacrylicacid)-b-poly(2-amino ethyl methacrylate) P(MMA-co-MAA)-b-PAEMA was synthesized via activators regenerated by electron transfer atom transfer radical polymerization (ARGET ATRP) and further self-assembled into pH-responsive cationic polymeric micelles (PCPMs) for oral insulin delivery. The structure and molecular weight were confirmed by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR), Fourier transforming infrared spectrum (FT-IR) and gel permeation chromatography (GPC), respectively. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) values of these copolymers were measured by fluorescent probe method at pH 1.2 (8–15 μg/mL) and pH 7.4 (22–42 μg/mL), respectively, demonstrating high stability at acidic environment. A decrease in the particle size of PCPMs was associated with an increased pH at beginning, which reached around 200 nm at neutral pH, while the particle size increased obviously with pH increase, indicating the pH-sensitivity of PCPMs. The insulin was entrapped into the core of PCPMs (Ins-loaded PCPMs) with high loading efficiency via diafiltration method. The in vitro experiments show Ins-loaded PCPMs have low toxicity and exhibit pH-triggered release profile with remitted initial burst release. The results indicate that the PCPMs self-assembled from P(MMA-co-MAA)-b-PAEMA may be potential carriers for efficient oral delivery of insulin with controlled release property.
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a complex state-dependent psychiatric illness for which biomarkers linking psychophysical, biochemical, and psychopathological changes remain yet elusive, though. ...Earlier studies demonstrate reduced GABA in lower-order occipital cortex in acute MDD leaving open its validity and significance for higher-order visual perception, though. The goal of our study is to fill that gap by combining psychophysical investigation of visual perception with measurement of GABA concentration in middle temporal visual area (hMT+) in acute depressed MDD. Psychophysically, we observe a highly specific deficit in visual surround motion suppression in a large sample of acute MDD subjects which, importantly, correlates with symptom severity. Both visual deficit and its relation to symptom severity are replicated in the smaller MDD sample that received MRS. Using high-field 7T proton Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (
H-MRS), acute MDD subjects exhibit decreased GABA concentration in visual MT+ which, unlike in healthy subjects, no longer correlates with their visual motion performance, i.e., impaired SI. In sum, our combined psychophysical-biochemical study demonstrates an important role of reduced occipital GABA for altered visual perception and psychopathological symptoms in acute MDD. Bridging the gap from the biochemical level of occipital GABA over visual-perceptual changes to psychopathological symptoms, our findings point to the importance of the occipital cortex in acute depressed MDD including its role as candidate biomarker.
In frozen embryo transfer (FET), there is limited consensus on the best means of endometrial preparation in terms of the reproductive outcomes in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The ...present study aimed to compare the pregnancy and neonatal outcomes following artificial cycle FET (AC-FET) with or without gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRH-a) pretreatment among women with PCOS.
A total of 4503 FET cycles that satisfied the inclusion criteria were enrolled in this retrospective cohort study between 2015 and 2020. The GnRH-a group received GnRH-a pretreatment while the AC-FET group did not. Propensity score matching (PSM) method and multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed to adjust for potential confounding factors.
After PSM, women in the GnRH-a group suffered a significantly lower miscarriage rate (11.2% vs. 17.1%, P = 0.033) and a higher live birth rate (LBR) compared with those in the AC-FET group (63.1% vs. 56.8%, P = 0.043). No differences were observed in the rates of biochemical pregnancy, clinical pregnancy and ectopic pregnancy between the two groups. A higher mean gestational age at birth was observed in the GnRH-a group than in the AC-FET group (39.80 ± 2.01 vs. 38.17 ± 2.13, P = 0.009). The incidence of neonatal preterm birth (PTB) in the GnRH-a group was lower than that in the AC-FET group (7.4% vs. 14.9%, P = 0.009). Singleton newborns conceived after GnRH-a group were more likely to be small for gestational age (SGA) than those born after AC-FET group (16.4% vs. 6.8%, P = 0.009). However, no significant differences were found between the two groups in terms of mean birthweight, apgar score, the rates of macrosomia, large for gestational age and low birth weight.
In women with PCOS who underwent AC-FET, GnRH-a pretreatment was significantly associated with a higher live birth rate and a reduced risk of neonatal PTB. However, there was a concomitant increase in the risk of developing SGA babies.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Activated platelets play a multifaceted role in tumorigenesis and progression. Platelet distribution width (PDW) is generally applied platelet parameters from routine blood test. Preoperative PDW has ...been considered a prognostic factor in many cancers. Nevertheless, the prognostic value of PDW in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remains unknown. The study aimed to investigate whether preoperative PDW could serve as a prognostic factor in patients with ESCC. A total of 495 patients with ESCC undergoing curative surgery were enrolled. The relationship between PDW and clinical features in ESCC was analyzed using chi-square tests. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to determine the optimal cut-off value. Overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) stratified by PDW were evaluated by Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression were used to evaluate the prognostic effect of PDW. Of the 495 patients, elevated PDW was observed in 241(48.7%) of the patients, respectively. An elevated PDW was correlated with depth of tumor (T stage, P = 0.031), nerve infiltration (P = 0.016), hospital time after operation (P = 0.020), platelet (P < 0.001), red cell distribution width (P < 0.001), and aspartate transaminase (P = 0.001). Moreover, elevated PDW (PDW ≥ 13.4 fL) predicted a worse OS and DFS in patients with ESCC (both P < 0.001). Multivariate analyses revealed that PDW was independently associated with OS (hazard ratios 1.194; 95% confidence interval 1.120-1.273; P < 0.001) and DFS (hazard ratios 2.562; 95% confidence interval 1.733-3.786; P < 0.001). Our findings indicated that elevated PDW could serve as an independent worse survival in ESCC.
Aim： To investigate the effects and underlying mechanisms of 118, a novel derivative of mycophenolic acid, in a murine allogeneic skin graft model. Methods： Skin grafts were conducted by grafting ...BALB/c donor ta C57BL/6 donor tail skin into female C57BL/6 skin beds （syngraft） skin into C57BL/6 skin beds （allograft） or by grafting female The mice were treated with the derivative 118 （40 mg-kg-l.d-1, po） for 13 d （3 d before and 10 d after transplantation）. Skin grafts, splenocytes and graft-infiltrated lymphocytes were isolated and exam- ined ex vivo. The effects of the derivative 118 on naive CD4＋ T cell differentiation were examined in vitro. Results： Treatment with the derivative 118 dramatically increased the survival rate of murine allogeneic skin grafts. Flow cytometric analysis and H＆E staining showed that the derivative significantly decreased inflammatory cell infiltration into the grafts. The levels of the chemokines CXCL1, CXCL2, CCL7, and CCL2 were reduced in the derivative 118-treated grafts. Additionally, the derivative 118 significantly suppressed the IL-17 levels in the grafts but did not affect the differentiation of systemic helper T cells in the murine allo- geneic skin graft model. Furthermore, IL-23p19 expression was suppressed in the grafts from the derivative 118-treated group, which might be due to decreases in TLR4 and MyD88 expression. Finally, the derivative 118 did not exert direct influences on helper T cell differentiation in vitro. Conclusion： Treatment with the mycophenolic acid derivative 118 improves murine allogeneic skin grafts by decreasing IL-23 expres- sion and suppressing local IL-17 secretion in the grafts, rather than directly inhibiting Th17 differentiation.
Functionally distinct subtypes/clusters of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons may play different roles in nerve regeneration and pain. However, details about their transcriptomic changes under ...neuropathic pain conditions remain unclear. Chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve represents a well-established model of neuropathic pain, and we conducted single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) to characterize subtype-specific perturbations of transcriptomes in lumbar DRG neurons on day 7 post-CCI. By using
Pirt
EGFPf
mice that selectively express an enhanced
green fluorescent protein
in DRG neurons, we established a highly efficient purification process to enrich neurons for scRNA-seq. We observed the emergence of four prominent CCI-induced clusters and a loss of marker genes in injured neurons. Importantly, a portion of injured neurons from several clusters were spared from injury-induced identity loss, suggesting subtype-specific transcriptomic changes in injured neurons. Moreover, uninjured neurons, which are necessary for mediating the evoked pain, also demonstrated cell-type-specific transcriptomic perturbations in these clusters, but not in others. Notably, male and female mice showed differential transcriptomic changes in multiple neuronal clusters after CCI, suggesting transcriptomic sexual dimorphism in DRG neurons after nerve injury. Using
Fgf3
as a proof-of-principle, RNAscope study provided further evidence of increased
Fgf3
in injured neurons after CCI, supporting scRNA-seq analysis, and calcium imaging study unraveled a functional role of
Fgf3
in neuronal excitability. These findings may contribute to the identification of new target genes and the development of DRG neuron cell-type-specific therapies for optimizing neuropathic pain treatment and nerve regeneration.
Schott (
) is a natural medicinal plant. It plays an indispensable role in the treatment of diseases by the empirical medicine system and has achieved remarkable curative effects.
is often used to ...treat various diseases, such as depression, epilepsy, fever, dizziness, heartache, stomachache, etc. More than 160 compounds of different structural types have been identified in
, including phenylpropanoids, terpenoids, lignans, flavonoids, alkaloids, amides, and organic acids. These bioactive ingredients make
remarkable for its pharmacological effects, including antidepressant, antiepileptic, anticonvulsant, antianxiety, neuroprotective, antifatigue, and antifungal effects, improving Alzheimer's disease, and so on. It is noteworthy that
has been widely used in the treatment of brain diseases and nervous system diseases and has achieved satisfactory therapeutic effects. This review focused on the research publications of
and aimed to summarize the advances in the botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacology, which will provide a reference for further studies and applications of
.
This paper studies the bipartite tracking control problem for multi-agent systems (MASs). The purpose of this paper is to propose novel consensus criteria and further design the bipartite tracking ...controller subject to uncertain switching topologies and time delays. By constructing an improved monotone-delay-interval-based Lyapunov functional (MDIBLF), we establish lower conservatism consensus conditions than those of previous results. Moreover, the periodically-varying delay is considered in consensus tracking protocol for MASs. It is highlighted that a new zero equation is introduced to deal with the double integral term in the Lyapunov functional. And the quadratic function negative-determination lemma is not required in our method. Applying the proposed approach, we obtain a bipartite controller for the followers to track the leader. Finally, to demonstrate the superiority of the presented method, two simulation examples based on quadrotors and spacecraft formation flying model are introduced.
•Bipartite tracking controller for MAS is designed•An improved monotone-delay-interval-based Lyapunov functional is constructed•A new zero equation is introduced
PDF
