This paper studies the bipartite tracking control problem for multi-agent systems (MASs). The purpose of this paper is to propose novel consensus criteria and further design the bipartite tracking ...controller subject to uncertain switching topologies and time delays. By constructing an improved monotone-delay-interval-based Lyapunov functional (MDIBLF), we establish lower conservatism consensus conditions than those of previous results. Moreover, the periodically-varying delay is considered in consensus tracking protocol for MASs. It is highlighted that a new zero equation is introduced to deal with the double integral term in the Lyapunov functional. And the quadratic function negative-determination lemma is not required in our method. Applying the proposed approach, we obtain a bipartite controller for the followers to track the leader. Finally, to demonstrate the superiority of the presented method, two simulation examples based on quadrotors and spacecraft formation flying model are introduced.
•Bipartite tracking controller for MAS is designed•An improved monotone-delay-interval-based Lyapunov functional is constructed•A new zero equation is introduced
New major and trace elemental, Sr–Nd–Pb isotope, and zircon U–Pb geochronological and Hf–O isotope data of post-collisional potassic and ultrapotassic volcanic rocks (PVRs and UPVs, respectively) ...along with geochemical data of PVRs, UPVs, and Mg-rich potassic rocks (MPRs) in the literature are used to constrain their mantle source and genesis. The PVRs, UPVs, and MPRs share similar geochemical features but with some discrepancies, suggesting that they were derived from subcontinental lithospheric mantle (SCLM) with isotopic heterogeneity resulting from the varying contributions of subducted Indian lower crust into the mantle source (ca. 6–20%, ca. 8–30%, and ca. 9–30%, respectively). The zircon Hf–O isotopic compositions of these rocks can be classified into two groups, including Group I rocks with high δ18O (6.7–11.3‰), low εHf(t) (−17.0 to −12.0), and old Hf crustal model ages (1.87–2.19Ga) that indicate an ancient SCLM source, and Group II rocks with δ18O values of 6.8–10.7‰, εHf(t) values of −11.8 to −6.3, and younger Hf crustal model ages (1.50–1.86Ga). The negative correlation defined by δ18O and εHf(t) of Group II samples suggests a two-component mixing between mantle- and crust-derived melts, in which the latter would be the subducted Indian lower crust as indicated by the similar negative εHf(t) values between Group II samples (−11.8 to −6.3) and the High Himalayan gneiss (−14.2 to +0.3). Thus we propose two enrichment events to account for the Hf–O isotopic compositions of the PVRs and UPVs/MPRs: the first involves the enrichment of the overlying SCLM that was metasomatized by fluids derived from dehydration of the subducted Indian lower crust, and the second invokes the enrichment of the overlying SCLM metasomatized by melts of the already dehydrated different proportions of the Indian lower crust. We argue that break-off of the northwards subducted Indian Plate in the early Miocene caused the asthenospheric upwelling under the Indian plate through slab window, resulting in varying degrees of partial melting of the overlying metasomatized heterogeneous SCLM to produce the primitive magmas of the PVRs, UPVs, and MPRs in an extensional setting. These observations and interpretations imply that the Indian lower crust was subducted beneath the Lhasa terrane in the Early–Middle Miocene.
•First reporting the zircon O isotopic compositions of the PVRs and UPVs•Suggesting a uniform model for the origin of the K-rich lavas•Favoring the Indian lower crust which was subducted beneath the Lhasa terrane
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This paper presents a dual-band eight-element multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) array using a multi-slot decoupling technique for the fifth generation (5G) mobile communication. By employing a ...compact dual-loop antenna element, the proposed array obtains two broad bandwidths of 12.2% and 15.4% for sub-6GHz operation. To reduce the mutual coupling between antenna elements, a novel dual-band decoupling method is proposed by employing a multi-slot structure. The proposed MIMO array achieves 15.5-dB and 19.0-dB isolations across the two operating bands. Furthermore, three decoupling modes generated by different bent slots can be independently tuned. Zero ground clearance is also realized by the coplanar arrangement of the antenna elements and decoupling structures. The proposed MIMO array was simulated, fabricated, and measured. Experimental results agree well with the simulations, showing that the dual-band MIMO array has good impedance matching, high isolation, and high efficiency. In addition, the envelope correlation coefficient and channel capacity are calculated and analyzed to validate the MIMO performance of the 5G terminal array. Such a dual-band high-isolation eight-element MIMO array with zero ground clearance is a promising candidate for 5G or future mobile applications.
Single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) provides new opportunities to gain a mechanistic understanding of many biological processes. Current approaches for single cell clustering are often sensitive ...to the input parameters and have difficulty dealing with cell types with different densities. Here, we present Panoramic View (PanoView), an iterative method integrated with a novel density-based clustering, Ordering Local Maximum by Convex hull (OLMC), that uses a heuristic approach to estimate the required parameters based on the input data structures. In each iteration, PanoView will identify the most confident cell clusters and repeat the clustering with the remaining cells in a new PCA space. Without adjusting any parameter in PanoView, we demonstrated that PanoView was able to detect major and rare cell types simultaneously and outperformed other existing methods in both simulated datasets and published single-cell RNA-sequencing datasets. Finally, we conducted scRNA-Seq analysis of embryonic mouse hypothalamus, and PanoView was able to reveal known cell types and several rare cell subpopulations.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Hydrogen sulfide (H
S) plays a vital role in Al
stress resistance in plants, but the underlying mechanism is unclear. In the present study, pretreatment with 2 μM of the H
S donor NaHS significantly ...alleviated the inhibition of root elongation caused by Al toxicity in rice roots, which was accompanied by a decrease in Al contents in root tips under 50 μM Al
treatment. NaHS pretreatment decreased the negative charge in cell walls by reducing the activity of pectin methylesterase and decreasing the pectin and hemicellulose contents in rice roots. This treatment also masked Al-binding sites in the cell wall by upregulating the expression of
and
in roots and reduced Al binding in the cell wall by stimulating the expression of the citrate acid exudation gene
and increasing the secretion of citrate acid. In addition, NaHS pretreatment decreased the symplasmic Al content by downregulating the expression of
, and increasing the translocation of cytoplasmic Al to the vacuole via upregulating the expression of
. The increment of antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POD) activity with NaHS pretreatment significantly decreased the MDA and H
O
content in rice roots, thereby reducing the damage of Al
toxicity on membrane integrity in rice. H
S exhibits crosstalk with nitric oxide (NO) in response to Al toxicity, and through reducing NO content in root tips to alleviate Al toxicity. Together, this study establishes that H
S alleviates Al toxicity by decreasing the Al content in the apoplast and symplast of rice roots.
Despite extensive efforts, only three main strategies have been developed to synthesize covalent triazine-based frameworks (CTFs) thus far. We report herein a totally new synthetic strategy which ...allows C-C bonds in the CTFs to be formed through aromatic nucleophilic substitution reactions. The as-synthesized CTF-1 and CTF-2 exhibited photocatalytic water splitting activity comparable to the CTFs made using ionothermal or Brønsted acid-catalyzed polymerization. Interestingly, CTF-2 distinguished itself by its two-photon fluorescence (emission at ∼530 nm under irradiation at either 400 nm or 800 nm).
Triazine-based frameworks (CTFs) were synthesized through a new synthetic strategy in which C-C bonds were formed through aromatic nucleophilic substitution reaction.
Convolutional long short-term memory (ConvLSTM) has received much attention for hyperspectral image (HSI) classification due to its ability of modeling long-range correlations, which, however, is ...vulnerable to too many parameters and insufficient training, limiting its classification accuracy, especially for small samples. Different from it, traditional hand-crafted methods extract the features with basic attributes of HSIs, which can provide the lack of details and interpretability of deep semantic features. However, existing methods fail to incorporate their complementarity for HSI classification. As such, a Pseudo complex-valued (CV) Deformable ConvLSTM Neural Network with mutual Attention learning (APDCLNN) is proposed, providing a new way to realize the collaborative learning of hand-crafted and deep features for HSI classification. First, a 2-D pseudo CV deformable ConvLSTM (PDConvLSTM2D) cell is designed using deformable convolution and complex operations, with which a spatial-spectral PDConvLSTM2D neural network (SSPDCL2DNN) is built to extract scale- and spectral-enhanced deep spatial-spectral features. Then, 3-D Gabor filter is used to extract hand-crafted features, and a mutual attention-based multimodality feature learning and fusion (MAMLF) module is designed to integrate them into deep features for training and optimization of SSPDCL2DNN. Finally, an attention loss subnetwork is designed to refine the classification results. As we know, this is the first attempt to apply the idea of mutual attention learning to fuse hand-crafted and deep features for HSI classification. Extensive experiments on three widely used HSI datasets show the advantages of our model over other deep methods in terms of both quantitative and visual quality.
•Few studies have explored the associations between Cl-PFESAs and serum lipids.•A large population-based study was conducted in China to assess these associations.•Perfluorooctane sulfonate ...alternatives were adversely associated with serum lipids.•That such associations were similar to those between legacy PFASs and TC.
Chlorinated polyfluorinated ether sulfonic acids (Cl-PFESAs), a group of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) alternatives, can be widely observed in humans and environmental matrices. However, associations between exposure to Cl-PFESAs and serum lipid levels in adults are unknown.
To explore the relationships between Cl-PFESA levels and serum lipid levels in adults.
We analyzed 1238 adults from the Isomers of C8 Health Project, a cross-sectional study conducted in China from July 2015 to October 2016. The average age of the participants was 61.98 ± 14.40 years. We quantified two select legacy per- and perfluoroalkyl substances perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and PFOS and their alternatives (6:2 and 8:2 Cl-PFESAs). We also measured four serum lipids: low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), total cholesterol (TC), and triglycerides (TG). We used generalized linear models to estimate the associations between PFASs and serum lipids, with PFASs defined as either a categorical variable divided into quartiles or as a continuous variable.
We found that 6:2 Cl-PFESA was positively associated with serum TC and LDL-C. For instance, LDL-C levels in the highest quartile of 6:2 Cl-PFESA exposure (Q4) were significantly higher than those in the lowest quartile (Q1) β: 0.19, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.08, 0.30. Further analysis showed that one ln-ng/mL increase in 6:2 Cl-PFESA exposure corresponded to a 0.10 mmol/L (95% CI: 0.05, 0.16) LDL-C increase, and that exposure to 8:2 Cl-PFESA was negatively correlated with HDL-C (β: −0.03, 95% CI: −0.05, −0.01). TC had a similar relationship with both 6:2 Cl-PFESA and legacy PFASs. Participants with a BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 exhibited a stronger association between 6:2 Cl-PFESA and TC.
Our findings make the novel suggestion that exposure to Cl-PFESAs are adversely associated with serum lipid levels, and that such associations are also observed in legacy PFASs. Increased investigation into the effects of Cl-PFESAs exposure on human health is warranted.
Menaquinone (MK-7) is a highly valuable vitamin K.sub.2 produced by Bacillus subtilis. Common static metabolic engineering approaches for promoting the production of MK-7 have been studied ...previously. However, these approaches caused an accumulation of toxic substances and reduced product yield. Hence, dynamic regulation by the quorum sensing (QS) system is a promising method for achieving a balance between product synthesis and cell growth. In this study, the QS transcriptional regulator SinR, which plays a significant role in biofilm formation and MK production simultaneously, was selected, and its site-directed mutants were constructed. Among these mutants, sinR knock out strain (KO-SinR) increased the biofilm biomass by 2.8-fold compared to the wild-type. SinR.sup.quad maximized the yield of MK-7 (102.56 + or - 2.84 mg/L). To decipher the mechanism of how this mutant regulates MK-7 synthesis and to find additional potential regulators that enhance MK-7 synthesis, RNA-seq was used to analyze expression changes in the QS system, biofilm formation, and MK-7 synthesis pathway. The results showed that the expressions of tapA, tasA and epsE were up-regulated 9.79-, 0.95-, and 4.42-fold, respectively. Therefore, SinR.sup.quad formed more wrinkly and smoother biofilms than BS168. The upregulated expressions of glpF, glpk, and glpD in this biofilm morphology facilitated the flow of glycerol through the biofilm. In addition, NADH dehydrogenases especially sdhA, sdhB, sdhC and glpD, increased 1.01-, 3.93-, 1.87-, and 1.11-fold, respectively. The increased expression levels of NADH dehydrogenases indicated that more electrons were produced for the electron transport system. Electrical hyperpolarization stimulated the synthesis of the electron transport chain components, such as cytochrome c and MK, to ensure the efficiency of electron transfer. Wrinkly and smooth biofilms formed a network of interconnected channels with a low resistance to liquid flow, which was beneficial for the uptake of glycerol, and facilitated the metabolic flux of four modules of the MK-7 synthesis pathway. In this study, we report for the first time that SinR.sup.quad has significant effects on MK-7 synthesis by forming wrinkly and smooth biofilms, upregulating the expression level of most NADH dehydrogenases, and providing higher membrane potential to stimulate the accumulation of the components in the electron transport system.
Which cardiometabolic risk factors (eg, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, overweight or obesity, and dyslipidemia) are more sensitive to long-term exposure to ambient air pollution and whether ...participants with these conditions are more susceptible to the cardiovascular effects of air pollution remain unclear.
To evaluate the associations among long-term exposure to air pollutants, cardiometabolic risk factors, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevalence.
This population-based cross-sectional study was conducted from April 1 through December 31, 2009, in 3 cities in Northeastern China. Participants were adults aged 18 to 74 years who had lived in study area for 5 years or longer. Data analysis was performed from May 1 through December 31, 2018.
Long-term (2006-2008) exposure to air pollutants was measured using a spatiotemporal statistical model (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of ≤2.5 μm PM2.5 and ≤1.0 μm PM1.0) and data from air monitoring stations (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of ≤10.0 μm PM10.0, sulfur dioxide SO2, nitrogen dioxide NO2, and ozone O3).
Cardiovascular disease was determined by self-report of physician-diagnosed CVD. Blood pressure, body mass index, and levels of triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were measured using standard methods.
Participants included 15 477 adults (47.3% women) with a mean (SD) age of 45.0 (13.5) years. The prevalence of CVD was 4.8%, and the prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors ranged from 8.6% (hyperbetalipoproteinemia) to 40.5% (overweight or obesity). Mean (SD) air pollutant concentrations ranged from 35.3 (5.5) μg/m3 (for NO2) to 123.1 (14.6) μg/m3 (for PM10.0). Associations with air pollutants were identified for individuals with hyperbetalipoproteinemia (eg, odds ratio OR, 1.36 95% CI, 1.03-1.78 for a 10-μg/m3 increase in PM1.0) and the weakest association for those with for overweight or obesity (eg, OR, 1.06 95% CI, 1.02-1.09 for a 10-μg/m3 increase in PM1.0). Cardiometabolic risk factors only partially mediated associations between air pollution and CVD. However, they modified the associations such that greater associations were found in participants with these cardiometabolic conditions (eg, ORs for CVD and per 10-μg/m3 increase in PM1.0, 1.22 95% CI, 1.12-1.33 in participants with hyperbetalipoproteinemia and 1.07 95% CI, 0.98-1.16 in participants without hyperbetalipoproteinemia).
In this population-based study of Chinese adults with CVD, long-term exposure to air pollution was associated with a higher prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors, and the strongest associations were observed for hyperbetalipoproteinemia. In addition, participants with cardiometabolic risk factors may have been more vulnerable to the effects of air pollution on CVD.
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