Antibacterial materials have found widespread interest in different fields nowadays. In this study, curcumin (Cur) was incorporated into the polyvinyl butyral (PVB) matrix by dissolving in ethanol ...for improving the functional properties of a pure PVB film. We found that Cur was uniformly dispersed in the PVB matrix, which showed good compatibility. Moreover, the incorporation of Cur could also improve thermal stability, hydrophilicity, and mechanical property. The UV-vis spectra of the PVB–Cur film demonstrated that the film could block ultraviolet radiation. Subsequently, the antibacterial activity of the PVB–Cur film was measured by the colony-counting method against
and
. The results showed that the PVB–Cur film exhibited good antibacterial activity. Therefore, the PVB–Cur film was considered as a promising material for food and medical packaging applications.
Lithium-ion batteries are currently being scrapped in large quantities, and there are almost no reports of mixed waste disposal. This paper describes research on a comprehensive recovery process for ...the mixed waste of LiNi
x
Co
y
Mn
(1−
x
−
y
)
O
2
and LiFePO
4
. The interaction of LiFePO
4
and LiNi
x
Co
y
Mn
(1−
x
−
y
)
O
2
is utilized to achieve selective leaching through a low H
2
SO
4
-low H
2
O
2
system, removal of P and Fe by Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
-NaOH, preparation of Ni–Co–Mn hydroxide by addition of NaOH, preparation of Li
3
PO
4
using Na
3
PO
4
, and separation of Fe and P by acid. The research shows that when 5.23 ml/g 1 M H
2
SO
4
and 0.308 g/g 30% H
2
O
2
were added at 90 °C for 5 h, the leaching ratios of Li, Ni, Mn, and Co achieved were 99.589%, 98.524%, 97.079%, and 96.257%, respectively. At 90 °C and a pH 12 for 2 h, the precipitation ratios of Ni, Co, and Mn were 99.79%, 99.89%, and 99.89%, respectively. A total of 55.12 g/l of Na
3
PO
4
was added to the solution to effect settling of Li, and a sedimentation rate of 98.46% was achieved. The leaching residue was dissolved in 3 M HCl of 6.62 ml/g, and the achieved leaching ratio of the FePO
4
was more than 95%.
A method for preparing battery grade FePO4?2H2O from LiFePO4 and LiNixCoyMn1-x-yO2 mixed waste is proposed. The optimum leaching conditions included: temperature of 50?C, 3:1 liquid?solid mass ratio, ...3.6 HCl/FePO4?2H2O mole ratio, 0.75 H2O2/FePO42H2O mole ratio, and 2 h reaction time. The solution obtained from the leaching waste material was diluted to a 1.0 M Fe concentration, then transferred to an 1 L beaker, where temperature, pH, complexing agent, ammonia addition rate and feeding mode were studied in order to determine their effects on the precipitation, particle size and morphology of FePO4?2H2O. High precipitation rate of Fe with low percentages of Al, Ni, Co, Mn in the FePO4?2H2O is achievable when precipitation is performed at a temperature of 85?C, pH of 2.0, and 20 g L-1 complexing agent. Furthermore, it was observed that a slow addition of ammonia and a flow feeding method contributed to the production of FePO4?2H2O, with small particle sizes and a flake morphology.
nema
We used twodimensional numerical simulations to investigate smallscale convection in the upper mantlelithosphere system with depth and temperaturedependent viscosity. Our aim was to examine the ...mechanism of craton thinning by thermal con vection. The model domain is 700 km deep and 700 km wide with a resolution of 71x71 nodes and 160000 markers. The ve locity boundary conditions are freeslip along all the boundaries. A thermal insulation condition was applied at the two side walls, with constant temperatures for the top and bottom boundaries. We assumed an initial temperature of 273 K at the upper boundary and 1673 K at the lower boundary, and 1573 K at the bottom of the lithosphere （200 km depth） for the thick, cold, and stable North China Craton （NCC）. We calculated the thermal evolution in the upper mantle when the temperature at its bottom is raised because of lower mantle convection or plumes. The temperature at the bottom of the upper mantle was set at 1773, 1873, 1973, and 2073 K for different models to study the temperature effect on the lithospheric thinning processes. Our endmember calculations show that with the bottom boundary raising the lithosphere can be thinned from a depth of 200 km to a depth of between 100 and 126.25 km. The thinning rates are at mm/y order of magnitude, and the thinning timescale is about 10 Ma.
The development of hyperspectral remote sensing technique has brought much more new possibilities to inland water quality remote sensing. In this study, Guanting Reservoir, which lies between ...Zhangjiakou (HeBei) and Beijing and once upon a time was one of Beijing's drinking water sources, is selected to be the research area. In-situ hyper-spectral measurements were conducted by using the ASD FieldSpec Pro FR spectroradiometer at 7 different points in Guanting Reservoir in May and at other 18 different points in August. Water samples were also simultaneously collected for laboratory analyses. The retrieve results shows that all-bands matrix inversion method gained the best accuracy, then was five-bands method. Four-bands method got the worst accuracy. Upstream region of chlorophyll a concentration were less than the downstream region and the Yongding River entrance in the reservoir. The method proposed in this work had potential applications in environmental management for improved chlorophyll-a concentration monitoring efficiency in large-scale water bodies.
•A novel method to effectively recover iron from nickel laterite slag.•99.5% FePO4 product with high economic efficiency.•This method reduces 50% of nickel laterite slag with no waste acid ...emissions.•$134/t benefits in a scale-up test with great promise for industrial applications.
Laterite nickel ore is rich in nickel and iron resources, and the nickel element is extracted in the form of nickel salt. However, the acid-leaching tailings of laterite nickel ore (LTLNO), which contain valuable iron resources, have not been cost-effectively recovered. In this work, we designed a novel method to extract iron from LTLNO and recycle it into high-valuable iron phosphate products using only phosphoric acid and iron powder. We explored the effects of reaction parameters, such as phosphoric acid concentration, iron powder dosage, time, and temperature, on the leaching behavior of key elements. The results showed that the iron leaching rate was as high as 96.54 % when using 3.5 mol/L phosphoric acid with a liquid-to-solid ratio (L/S) of 5 mL/g and an iron powder dosage based on the Fe/Fen+ ratio of 0.5 after 3 h at 25 °C, and a final high-purity FePO4 (99.4 %) was obtained. Kinetic analysis revealed that the leaching reaction was controlled by the diffusion through the neogenetic layer, and the leaching reactions were thermodynamically favorable. This method allows for a simpler and more efficient recovery of iron and the products of higher-value iron phosphate products than other LTLNO recycling technologies. Additionally, it offers a total economic benefit of $134/t for LTLNO treatment, demonstrating great prospects for industrial application.
In order to calibrate the zero offset error and triaxial nonorthogonal error of full tensor magnetic gradiometer (FTMG) probe composed of superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) ...magnetometers, we propose a new calibration method in this article. With the help of the triaxial Helmholtz coil, we can generate a magnetic field with known parameters. By establishing the objective functions containing the error parameters for the outputs of the SQUIDs and solving them with the least-squares fitting algorithm, the included angle between the SQUID sensor and the Helmholtz coil can be obtained; then, all the required error parameters can be calculated by coordinate transformation method. Compared with the traditional method, this method does not need to rotate the SQUID magnetometers-based probe to collect the dataset for calibration, thus avoiding the influence of motion-induced noise on the calibration results. In order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, we adopted the widely used ellipsoid fitting method as a comparison method and conducted field comparison experiments. The results show that the proposed calibration method is better than the traditional ellipsoid fitting calibration method under the same experimental environment. The root mean square errors of five independent magnetic gradient tensor components are reduced to 0.39, 0.35, 0.41, 0.31, and 0.57 nT/m from 1630.55, 756.59, 3097.56, 1051.09, and 1245.64 nT/m by the proposed method.
Hydrogels generally possess either high strength or excellent adhesive behavior but not both, which limits their applications. Here, we present anti-fatigue, adhesive and tough hydrogels through ...introducing nucleobase pairs of adenine–uracil (A–U) and chemical crosslinkers of N , N ′-methylene bis-acrylamide (MBA) into polyacrylamide hydrogels. The synergetic interaction of A–U and MBA endowed hydrogels with high mechanical performance and excellent adhesive behavior via the tunable balance of cohesion and adhesion. The hydrogels exhibited a tensile strength of 120 kPa, a superior stretchability of 2700%, and remarkable adhesive behavior for various materials and biological tissues, including wood, steel, copper, polytetrafluoroethylene, plastics, glass, rubber, silica rubber, spleen, liver and fat. For example, the adhesion strength of hydrogels at the surface of polytetrafluoroethylene was 190 N m −1 . More importantly, the hydrogels exhibited excellent anti-fatigue compressive toughness and adhesiveness. It was envisioned that the nucleobase-tackified chemical crosslinking hydrogels with excellent anti-fatigue, tough and adhesive behavior would be widely applied in wound dressings, human wearable devices and biomedical sensors and electrodes.
Abstract
This paper introduces the use of new materials in the replacement of traditional materials in automotive vehicles. Firstly, the properties such as tensile strength, elongation at break, ...Young’s modulus, density were discussed and analyzed. Also, the benefits of using new materials are discussed by comparing the physical properties. Then the advantages of AZ91D magnesium alloy, T1000G carbon fiber were compared with traditional automotive materials and the improvements that were achieved where the new materials were proven to have increased strength and decreased weight. Furthermore, the concept of automotive lightweight is applied to demonstrate the relationship between new materials and fuel economy. Finally, the internal and external structures of the materials are analyzed such as the anisotropy of carbon fiber, and it was found that the benefits outweigh the drawbacks like the high production cost of carbon fiber, then suggestions are given for future investigations.
Hydrogels generally possess either high strength or excellent adhesive behavior but not both, which limits their applications. Here, we present anti-fatigue, adhesive and tough hydrogels through ...introducing nucleobase pairs of adenine-uracil (A-U) and chemical crosslinkers of
N
,
N
′-methylene bis-acrylamide (MBA) into polyacrylamide hydrogels. The synergetic interaction of A-U and MBA endowed hydrogels with high mechanical performance and excellent adhesive behavior
via
the tunable balance of cohesion and adhesion. The hydrogels exhibited a tensile strength of 120 kPa, a superior stretchability of 2700%, and remarkable adhesive behavior for various materials and biological tissues, including wood, steel, copper, polytetrafluoroethylene, plastics, glass, rubber, silica rubber, spleen, liver and fat. For example, the adhesion strength of hydrogels at the surface of polytetrafluoroethylene was 190 N m
−1
. More importantly, the hydrogels exhibited excellent anti-fatigue compressive toughness and adhesiveness. It was envisioned that the nucleobase-tackified chemical crosslinking hydrogels with excellent anti-fatigue, tough and adhesive behavior would be widely applied in wound dressings, human wearable devices and biomedical sensors and electrodes.
Anti-fatigue adhesive and tough hydrogels were successfully fabricated through introducing nucleobase pairs and chemical crosslinker into polyacrylamide hydrogels.
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