We propose an unsupervised deep convolutional coupling network for change detection based on two heterogeneous images acquired by optical sensors and radars on different dates. Most existing change ...detection methods are based on homogeneous images. Due to the complementary properties of optical and radar sensors, there is an increasing interest in change detection based on heterogeneous images. The proposed network is symmetric with each side consisting of one convolutional layer and several coupling layers. The two input images connected with the two sides of the network, respectively, are transformed into a feature space where their feature representations become more consistent. In this feature space, the different map is calculated, which then leads to the ultimate detection map by applying a thresholding algorithm. The network parameters are learned by optimizing a coupling function. The learning process is unsupervised, which is different from most existing change detection methods based on heterogeneous images. Experimental results on both homogenous and heterogeneous images demonstrate the promising performance of the proposed network compared with several existing approaches.
•A concept of AnMBR-PN/A process was proposed for mainstream treatment.•In-situ FA/FNA exposure eliminated Nitrospira while retained Nitosonomas community.••DO limitation prevented switch of the NOB ...community in the mainstream conditions.•The effluent TN of the mainstream PN/A system was lower than 10 mg-N/L.•Enhanced hydrodynamic shear force resulted in sludge settleability deterioration.
In this pilot-scale study, an innovative mainstream treatment process that couples the anaerobic membrane reactor (AnMBR) with a one-stage PN/A system was proposed for advancing the concept of carbon neutrality in the municipal wastewater treatment plant. This work demonstrates the start-up procedure of a pilot-scale one-stage PN/A system for mainstream treatment. The 255-day start-up of the one-stage PN/A system involved the cultivation of ammonium-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) from the activated sludge, suppression of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB), investigation of in-situ growth kinetics of anammox bacteria (AnAOB), and the 50-day operation of the pilot-scale AnMBR-PN/A process for natural mainstream treatment. It is verified in the pilot-scale system for the first time that the in-situ free ammonia (FA) and free nitrous acid (FNA) exposure could effectively eliminate the Nitrospira (the NOB genus) while retaining the Nitosonomas (the AOB genus) community in the suspended sludge. NOB community rebounding was not detected even at the mainstream conditions with low nitrogen concentrations (Influent ammonium concentration=38±6 mg-NH4+-N/L) by intermittent aeration to control the system dissolved oxygen (DO) below 0.5 mg/L. The results of the mainstream treatment showed that the average effluent total nitrogen (TN) in the coupled process was generally lower than 10 mg-N/L, which meets the discharge limits of most prefectures in Japan. The investigated results of the in-situ anammox bacteria (AnAOB) growth kinetics suggested that the promoted start-up strategy of taking advantage of the warm months with higher mainstream temperature to achieve the rapid in-situ growth of the AnAOB is applicable in the investigated regions. From the perspective of the removal performance of the TN and organic substance, the AnMBR-PN/A process has great potential as the layouts of the carbon-neutral mainstream wastewater treatment plants.
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•A single-stage and two two-stage anaerobic systems were synchronously operated.•Similar methane production 0.44L/g VSadded from oily food waste was achieved.•The first stage of the two-stage process ...became inefficient due to serious pH drop.•Recycle favored the hythan production in the two-stage digestion.•The conversion of unsaturated fatty acids was enhanced by recycle introduction.
Anaerobic digestion is an effective technology to recover energy from oily food waste. A single-stage system and temperature-phased two-stage systems with and without recycle for anaerobic digestion of oily food waste were constructed to compare the operation performances. The synchronous operation indicated the similar ability to produce methane in the three systems, with a methane yield of 0.44L/g VSadded. The pH drop to less than 4.0 in the first stage of two-stage system without recycle resulted in poor hydrolysis, and methane or hydrogen was not produced in this stage. Alkalinity supplement from the second stage of two-stage system with recycle improved pH in the first stage to 5.4. Consequently, 35.3% of the particulate COD in the influent was reduced in the first stage of two-stage system with recycle according to a COD mass balance, and hydrogen was produced with a percentage of 31.7%, accordingly. Similar solids and organic matter were removed in the single-stage system and two-stage system without recycle. More lipid degradation and the conversion of long-chain fatty acids were achieved in the single-stage system. Recycling was proved to be effective in promoting the conversion of unsaturated long-chain fatty acids into saturated fatty acids in the two-stage system.
Mixed‐dimensional (0D, 1D, and 3D) heterostructures based on 2D layered materials have been proven as a promising candidate for future nanoelectronics and optoelectronics applications. In this work, ...it is demonstrated that 1D atomic chain based Se nanoplates (NPs) can be epitaxially grown on monolayer ReS2 by a chemical transport reaction, thereby creating an interesting mixed‐dimensional Se/ReS2 heterostructure. A unique epitaxial relationship is observed with the (110) planes of the Se NPs parallel to the corresponding ReS2 (010) planes. Experimental and theoretical studies reveal that the Se NPs could conjugate with underlying monolayer ReS2 via strong chemical hybridization at heterointerface, which is expected to originate from the intrinsic defects of ReS2. Remarkably, photodetectors based on Se/ReS2 heterostructures exhibit ultrahigh detectivity of up to 8 × 1012 Jones, and also show a fast response time of less than 10 ms. These results illustrate the great advantage of directly integrated 1D Se based nanostructure on planar semiconducting ReS2 films for optoelectronic applications. It opens up a feasible way to obtain mixed‐dimensional heterostructures with atomic interfacial contact by epitaxial growth.
1D atomic chain based Se nanoplates (NPs) are epitaxially grown on monolayer ReS2 to form an interesting mixed‐dimensional Se/ReS2 heterostructure. Experimental and theoretical studies reveal that the Se NPs are chemically hybridized with underlying monolayer ReS2 through intrinsic defects in ReS2. Photodetectors based on Se/ReS2 heterostructures exhibit ultrahigh detectivity and fast response time.
2D transition metal dichalcogenides materials are explored as potential surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy substrates. Herein, a systematic study of the Raman enhancement mechanism on distorted 1T ...(1T′) rhenium disulfide (ReS2) nanosheets is demonstrated. Combined Raman and photoluminescence studies with the introduction of an Al2O3 dielectric layer unambiguously reveal that Raman enhancement on ReS2 materials is from a charge transfer process rather than from an energy transfer process, and Raman enhancement is inversely proportional while the photoluminescence quenching effect is proportional to the layer number (thickness) of ReS2 nanosheets. On monolayer ReS2 film, a strong resonance‐enhanced Raman scattering effect dependent on the laser excitation energy is detected, and a detection limit as low as 10−9m can be reached from the studied dye molecules such as rhodamine 6G and methylene blue. Such a high enhancement factor achieved through enhanced charge interaction between target molecule and substrate suggests that with careful consideration of the layer‐number‐dependent feature and excitation‐energy‐related resonance effect, ReS2 is a promising Raman enhancement platform for sensing applications.
Here the Raman enhancement mechanism on distorted 1T ReS2 nanosheets is demonstrated, where combined Raman and photoluminescence studies with the introduction of an Al2O3 dielectric layer unambiguously reveal that Raman enhancement on ReS2 materials is from a charge transfer process rather than from an energy transfer process.
•A high proportion of COVID-19 patients were co-infected with influenza in Tongji Hospital (Wuhan).•Critically ill COVID-19 patients with influenza were more prone to cardiac injury than those ...without influenza.•Co-infection with the influenza virus may induce an earlier and more frequently occurring cytokine storm in critically ill COVID-19 patients.•Do not ignore detection of the influenza virus in patients with COVID-19.
To delineate the clinical characteristics of critically ill COVID-19 patients co-infected with influenza.
This study included adult patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 form Tongji Hospital (Wuhan, China), with or without influenza, and compared their clinical characteristics.
Among 93 patients, 44 died and 49 were discharged. Forty-four (47.3%) were infected with influenza virus A and two (2.2%) with influenza virus B. Twenty-two (50.0%) of the non-survivors and 24 (49.0%) of the survivors were infected with the influenza virus. Critically ill COVID-19 patients with influenza were more prone to cardiac injury than those without influenza. For the laboratory indicators at admission the following were higher in non-survivors with influenza than in those without influenza: white blood cell counts, neutrophil counts, levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, D-dimer value, and proportion of elevated creatinine.
The results showed that a high proportion of COVID-19 patients were co-infected with influenza in Tongji Hospital, with no significant difference in the proportion of co-infection between survivors and non-survivors. The critically ill COVID-19 patients with influenza exhibited more severe inflammation and organ injury, indicating that co-infection with the influenza virus may induce an earlier and more frequently occurring cytokine storm.
In this study, a laser‐induced graphene (LIG) loaded platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) was prepared for precise, rapid and non‐enzymatic electrochemical detection of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The ...commercial PI films were used as the substrate of LIG. In order to improve the electrochemical performance of LIG, a layer of PtNPs catalyst was fabricated through a magnetron sputtering process on the surface of LIG (PtLIG). Under optimized conditions, a linear relationship between H2O2 reduction current and H2O2 concentration was recorded, the correlation coefficient R2 is 0.9919 with the detection limit of 0.1 μM (S/N=3) and the sensitivity of 248.4 μA mM−1cm−2. Moreover, the PtLIG exhibits excellent selectivity, reproducibility and repeatability. Because of these remarkable advantages, we believe that PtLIG will provide a wider range of applications in biosensors and bioelectronic devices.
AbstractA partially embedded gradient metabarrier (PEGM) for seismic Rayleigh waves was designed and studied using the finite-element method (FEM). Investigations on the partially embedded periodic ...metabarrier (PEPM) were carried out first, and relations between band gaps (BGs) and some sensitive parameters were examined in detail. A PEGM and piecewise PEGM were then designed and discussed based on these investigations. It was found that BGs at ultralow frequencies can be obtained by the PEPM and effectively tuned by the geometrical parameters, especially the embedded depth. The PEGM broadens the frequency attenuation zone significantly, and the piecewise PEGM further extends the zone to cover the main frequency range of seismic waves from 1 to 20 Hz. Surface wave with tens of meters wavelength can be successfully controlled by the designed meter-scaled metabarrier. Simulations of the transmission spectra of El Centro and Taft waves showed that the piecewise PEGM exhibits high efficiency of earthquake shielding.
Single‐cell biophysical properties play a crucial role in regulating cellular physiological states and functions, demonstrating significant potential in the fields of life sciences and clinical ...diagnostics. Therefore, over the last few decades, researchers have developed various detection tools to explore the relationship between the biophysical changes of biological cells and human diseases. With the rapid advancement of modern microfabrication technology, microfluidic devices have quickly emerged as a promising platform for single‐cell analysis offering advantages including high‐throughput, exceptional precision, and ease of manipulation. Consequently, this paper provides an overview of the recent advances in microfluidic analysis and detection systems for single‐cell biophysical properties and their applications in the field of cancer. The working principles and latest research progress of single‐cell biophysical property detection are first analyzed, highlighting the significance of electrical and mechanical properties. The development of data acquisition and processing methods for real‐time, high‐throughput, and practical applications are then discussed. Furthermore, the differences in biophysical properties between tumor and normal cells are outlined, illustrating the potential for utilizing single‐cell biophysical properties for tumor cell identification, classification, and drug response assessment. Lastly, we summarize the limitations of existing microfluidic analysis and detection systems in single‐cell biophysical properties, while also pointing out the prospects and future directions of their applications in cancer diagnosis and treatment.
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