Shrimp farming is an important income generating activity for hundreds of thousands of small scale farmers operating extensive ghers in Bangladesh. White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) has caused major ...shrimp production losses globally including Bangladesh. This study investigated the benefits of stocking WSSV infection free (WSSVF) Penaeus monodon post larvae (PL) to extensive gher holders of southwest Bangladesh and considered different parameters of the farming system. The longitudinal observational study included 636 gher holders comprising two distinct PL user types; 312 gher holders had stocked polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tested WSSVF and 324 non-tested (NT) PL. Data on explanatory and outcome variables were collected fortnightly during April–October 2015. The major findings were: (i) gher holders who stocked WSSVF PL had significantly higher survival, less disease, higher shrimp production and increased profitability compared to NT PL users, (ii) WSSVF PL stocking had an influence in strengthening the resilience, overall management and economic performance of the extensive gher holders.
The study showed that WSSVF PL users had significantly small ghers, higher levels of better management practices (BMP) compliance such as nursery rearing of PL, double netting at inlet, periodic sampling, net fencing and bird netting, significantly higher application rates and usage amount of inputs (lime, inorganic fertilizer, feed) compared to NT PL users. It also found that gher size, water depth, stocking density, stocking frequency, cropping patterns affected levels of shrimp survival, production and disease incidence of the overall population. The results suggested that improving the availability of WSSVF PL through a PCR testing service, production of specific pathogen free PL and limit/stop the sale of WSSV infected PLs could significantly increase shrimp production of extensive gher holders.
•Characterization of shrimp gher holders by management practices, survival, production, profitability and disease occurrence•Adoption of management practices by small scale shrimp gher holders and resilience of extensive systems•Role of white spot syndrome virus infection free post larvae stocking in survival, production and disease incidence
Limited real-world data from routine clinical care are available on the safety and effectiveness of treatment with taliglucerase alfa in patients with Gaucher disease (GD).
Taliglucerase Alfa ...Surveillance (TALIAS), a multinational prospective Drug Registry of patients with GD, was established to evaluate the long-term safety (primary objective) and effectiveness (secondary objective) of taliglucerase alfa. We present an interim analysis of the data from the Drug Registry collected over the 5-year period from September 2013 to January 2019.
A total of 106 patients with GD (15.1% children aged < 18 years; 53.8% females) treated with taliglucerase alfa have been enrolled in the Drug Registry, as of January 7, 2019. The median duration of follow-up was 795 days with quartiles (Q1, Q3) of 567 and 994 days. Fifty-three patients (50.0%) were from Israel, 28 (26.4%) were from the United States, and 25 (23.6%) were from Albania. At the time of enrollment, most patients (87.7%) had received prior enzyme replacement therapy (ERT). Thirty-nine of the 106 patients had treatment-emergent adverse events (AEs). Twelve of the 106 patients experienced serious AEs; two patients experienced four treatment-related serious AEs. Four patients died, although none of the deaths was considered to be related to taliglucerase alfa treatment by the treating physicians. Nine patients discontinued from the study, including the four who died. At baseline, patients with prior ERT had a higher mean hemoglobin concentration and platelet counts than treatment-naïve patients, likely reflecting the therapeutic effects of prior treatments. During follow-up, the hemoglobin concentration and platelet counts increased in the treatment-naïve patients and remained relatively constant or increased slightly in patients with prior ERT. Spleen and liver volumes decreased in treatment-naïve patients.
The interim data showed no new or emergent safety signals. The overall interim data are consistent with the clinical program experience and known safety and effectiveness profile of taliglucerase alfa.
Resource-constraint nature of wireless sensor network (WSN) turns the security issue certainly into a big challenge. An efficient key management scheme is the pre-requisite to ensure security in WSN. ...In this paper we present two versions of a secured key management protocol (SecCOSEN) adopted on COSEN, a chain oriented sensor network, which is used for periodic data collection. SecCOSEN uses partial key pre-distribution and symmetric cryptography techniques. Where as one version of SecCOSEN protocol uses shared partial keys in a sensor chain the other version uses private partial keys. Both versions of SecCOSEN show high resilience to different security attacks. The protocol outperforms other random key pre-distribution protocols in the sense that it requires lower space, lower communication overhead and offers very high session key candidates. A comparative discussion between the two versions is also provided.
In this paper we present a new token based protocol for group mutual exclusion in distributed systems. The protocol uses one single token to allow multiple processes to enter the critical section for ...a common session. One of the significant characteristics of the protocol is - concurrency, throughput and waiting time can be regulated adjusting the time period for which a session is declared. The minimum and the maximum number of messages to enter the CS is 0 and (n + 2) respectively where n is the total number of processes in the system. Moreover, simulation results show that the protocol, on average case, considerably reduces the number of messages per entry to the CS and also requires much lower waiting times. The maximum concurrency the protocol supports is n. The protocol also ensures no starvation in the system. Furthermore, this algorithm works out for the extended group mutual exclusion problem as well
At present central neuroaxial blockade, e.g. subarachnoid blockade (SAB) or epidural blockade (EB), especially the former one, is widely used by the clinical anaesthesiologists due to its procedural ...simplicity, low cost & better physiological benefits and thus reduced complications than that of general anaesthesia (GA). Subarachnoid or epidural spaces can be traversed from the posterior aspect of the body either through a midline approach (MA) or a paramedian approach (PMA). There is another approach described as ‘lumbosacral puncture' or Taylor's approach, which actually is a variant of conventional paramedian approach. Theoretically, subarachnoid & epidural spaces can also be approached through the paravertebral foramen or even via an anterior intraoperative approach through the intervertebral discs1. The most common & popular technique is the MA. But the PMA (both conventional & Taylor's) is also a very easy & effective technique that can be practiced routinely as well as for some clearly indicated cases. The requirement for this procedure is the same as for the MA except having some ideas about the offmidline anatomy. Keywords: Blockade, subarachnoid; approach, paramedian. Journal of BSA, Vol. 19, No. 1 & 2, 2006 p.51-53
PDF
