GEMELAR MONOAMNIOTICO: UNA RAREZA Lattus O., José; Catalán B., Alejandra; Salvo F., Hugo ...
Revista chilena de obstetricia y ginecología,
2003, Letnik:
68, Številka:
6
Journal Article
Odprti dostop
Se presenta un caso clínico de gestación gemelar monocorial, monoamniótica, la resolución del parto y breve revisión bibliográfica
ESPATULAS DE THIERRY VERSUS FORCEPS DE KJELLAND Lattus O., José; Paredes V., Axel; Junemann C., Karen ...
Revista chilena de obstetricia y ginecología,
2003, Letnik:
68, Številka:
6
Journal Article
Odprti dostop
Presentamos la experiencia y evolución del parto instrumentado en nuestro Servicio de Obstetricia y Ginecología, en los últimos once años 1992-2002. La evidencia demostró que respecto de las lesiones ...maternas y fetales, las Espátulas (ET), o instrumento no articulado de la clasificación general de los fórceps (F), son significativamente menores cuando se las compara con el fórceps articulado y fenestrado de Kjelland o Kielland (FK), por lo que se sugiere su conocimiento y adiestramiento en los Servicios de la especialidad, y cambiar el concepto de la presa del cráneo-fetal o biparieto malar por la toma libre facio malar
• The biotrophic fungus Ustilago maydis causes the smut disease of maize. The interaction with its host and induction of characteristic tumors are governed largely by secreted effectors whose ...function is mostly unknown. To identify effectors with a prominent role in virulence, we used RNA sequencing and found that the gene sta1 is upregulated during early stages of infection.
• We characterized Sta1 by comparative genomics, reverse genetics, protein localization, stress assays, and microscopy.
• sta1 mutants show a dramatic reduction of virulence and show altered colonization of tissue neighboring the vascular bundles. Functional orthologues of Sta1 are found in related smut pathogens infecting monocot and dicot plants. Sta1 is secreted by budding cells but is attached to the cell wall of filamentous hyphae. Upon constitutive expression of Sta1, fungal filaments become susceptible to Congo red, β-glucanase, and chitinase, suggesting that Sta1 alters the structure of the fungal cell wall. Constitutive or delayed expression of sta1 during plant colonization negatively impacts on virulence.
• Our results suggest that Sta1 is a novel kind of effector, which needs to modify the hyphal cell wall to allow hyphae to be accommodated in tissue next to the vascular bundles.
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