In this study, total burned household waste and the potential emissions released from waste burning in Semarang City, Indonesia, were estimated. Waste piles were monitored using the transect walk ...survey method in 16 sub-districts of Semarang City. Carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO
2
), hydrocarbon (HC), nitrous oxide (NO
x
), and total particulate matter (TPM) were directly analyzed through a simulation of waste combustion. The potential emissions from other pollutants were predicted by multiplying the weight of the burned waste by the emission factors available in the literature. The estimated waste burned in Semarang City in 2020–2021 was 58.8 Gg/year, or approximately 9.70% of the total waste generated in Semarang City. This estimation exceeds local government estimates of 2020 by two-fold. Peri-urban areas (both inner and outer) were identified as the most significant contributors to waste burning. Further, garden waste was the most burned waste (73.61%), followed by plastic waste (17.45%). Other wastes, including paper, leather, textile, rubber, and food, were also burned. Overall, a decrease in the activity of waste burning is an important step for reducing the potential of air pollution and climate change.
Waste mismanagement occurs in the canal catchment area due to uneven waste transportation services, allowing waste to leak into the canal. This research aims to identify catchment areas of the canal ...with the potential for waste mismanagement, estimate the amount of waste that could enter the channels and compare the results with the density of floating waste above the channel. The research method involves spatial analysis using GIS, incorporating various variables such as land use, building data for population and waste generation calculations, road network data for channel access, and service area data for garbage truck transportation. Next, we conduct an overlay analysis to create a zone map of potential littering areas in the channel, accompanied by an estimate of the waste amount. Furthermore, we used aerial mapping with a UAV as comparative data to monitor the density of floating waste. The results indicate that approximately 296 hectares of land, a potential zone for waste disposal into canals, generate 161,750 liters daily, accounting for 33% of the total waste generation in the water catchment area. This research successfully detected the density of floating waste at the top of the canal, particularly in four areas of the potential zone: Sambung Jawa Ward, Bontorannu Ward, Balang Baru Ward, and Pa'baengbaeng Ward, proves that there is mismanagement of waste on land. This situation demonstrates the need to address waste mismanagement by examining regional zones with access to a waste bank as an alternative solution.
Illegal waste disposal site (IWDS) have become a chronic and severe environmental issue worldwide. Monitoring of IWDS is a central environmental issue in both developed and developing countries. The ...main aim of this study is to analyze changes in the shape and size of the IWDS over a period of time and to evaluate problems related to IWDS activities. This study also aims to determine the spatial and temporal pattern distribution of IWDS activities based on land use by combining time-series analysis from 2021 to 2023 using historical satellite imagery and ArcGIS. The results show an increase in IWDS locations in Deli Serdang from 98 in 2021 to 112 in 2022 and 120 in 2023. The total area IWDS in Deli Serdang also rose from 115,138.1971 sq.m in 2021 to 164,194.87 sq.m in 2023. Plantation/estate areas consistently recorded the highest number of IWDS incidents each year. The result shows that the trend highlights the tendency for IWDS to occur in natural vegetation-rich environments, which effectively hides these activities and complicates detection and access efforts.
Macroplastics are a global threat to the aquatic environment and will degrade into microplastics over time. Its presence in canal causes pollution and inhibits water flow, causing flooding in urban ...areas; therefore, it is essential to identify and monitor its presence. Addressing knowledge gaps is critical in determining solutions for mitigation purposes. In visual object detection studies, aerial mapping is developed with advanced technology, such as Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV). This research aims to conduct aerial mapping experiments to find the right formula or technical reference for detecting macroplastic waste objects floating on the surface of the canal, including flight altitude, exposure to sunlight, and the influence of season on object detection. Aerial mapping will be done in densely populated urban canals in Southeast Asia, Indonesia, and Makassar City. The aerial mapping survey method will be used, and then the data will be processed in the digitization process and object detection with GIS. The analysis kernel in GIS tools will be used to see the distribution density of macroplastics. The research results show that autoblock occurs at heights of 5m and 10m, but this autoblock can be minimized at a flight height of 15 m. Apart from that, height also affects flight duration. The lower flying height will result in better visual accuracy and better resolution. However, at a height of 15m, macroplastic objects were still detected on a moderate scale. This research successfully distinguished various plastic waste materials, the most found being the soft polyolefin category in plastic bags. Monitoring results detected 321 items of macroplastics in the dry season and 1,163 in the rainy season, or a threefold increase with conditions spread thinly in the dry season. In the rainy season, they gather densely on one side of the canal.
Waste management is still a serious issue in developing countries including Indonesia. Various policies have been initiated to address the problem. Indonesia has a target called “Waste-free Indonesia ...2020”. The implementation of recycling through waste bank programs is one of the policies attempted. Medan is one of the big cities in Indonesia that is currently working on improving its solid waste management system. This study aims to obtain data on the quantity and composition of household waste (HW) generated in Medan City and to ascertain their statistical relationship with geographic location and level of income. The composition of the waste influences its recycling potential when handled in a solid waste bank. A total of 424 households were selected from 8 different sub-districts. The waste generation is 0.222 kg/person/day. Of the total weight, organic waste formed the largest fraction at 61.35%, followed by plastic waste at 17.55%, paper at 8.20%, and other materials. The amount of HW generated in each geographic location was different, but it has no significant difference within the different income level. Based on the data obtained, as much as 90.05% could be recycled or composted through the solid waste bank.
The concept of low carbon education is one solution to provide knowledge to students related to low carbon behavior. The purpose of this paper is providing an extensive bibliometric literature review ...on 'low carbon education'. Articles found by Publishing or Perish (PoP) software with the Google Scholar database. There were 55 out of 97 articles found from Google Scholar data base ranging from 2014 to 2019 analyzed in this study. The chosen references were then managed using a referencing manager software namely Zotero. After managing the database, this study classified and visualized it using VOSviewer software. Overall, this review provides an appropriate reference point for further research on 'low carbon education'.
Indonesia has a regulation
UU No. 18/2008
which changes the paradigm from waste dumping to recycling. The purpose of this study is to understand the achievement and obstacles of community-based waste ...recycling through the solid waste bank (SW bank) program and its potency to improve the local MSW management in Indonesia. SW bank program is a unique organization developed among Indonesian communities to facilitate citizen participation in solid waste recycling. The banking system is adopted, and the community deposits the wastes instead of money. Case study was done for Padang city. The existing condition in 2013 suggests that the amount of solid waste recycled by SW bank activity was only 0.05 % of the total MSW generation. This condition results in 35 % waste without proper treatment. To improve the existing condition, development scenario is planned for 15 years. This development scenario may result in the increase of recycling amount of SW bank activity to 6 % of the total MSW generation in 2028. SWOT analysis suggests that some strategies such as creating a local regulation may be adopted to utilize the potency of SW bank for local MSW management improvement.
Open waste burning (OWB) is a common disposal practice in several countries. However, this activity can serve as a source of particulate matter and black carbon, which possess a greater greenhouse ...effect potential than CO_2. Moreover, particulates can produce chronic health impacts on residents around the burning areas. Therefore, the present study aimed to examine the environmental effects and health risks associated with the open burning of household waste in Semarang, Indonesia. Four steps were followed to answer the research questions: (1) data collection through a random questionnaire survey, transect walk, and field survey; (2) estimation of environmental risk using the IPCC calculation method; (3) multiplication of emission factors to determine black carbon emissions; and (4) estimation of health risks based on chemical speciation bound to particulate matter. Open burning remained the second most common waste disposal practice even after the implementation of waste collection services by the government. Specifically, approximately 240.28 tons of waste is not collected by the environmental agency service every day, and 88.6% of the uncollected waste in the city is openly burned. Plastic burning contributed to the highest emission share among waste components, and annual total emissions due to OWB were estimated at approximately 53,809.66 tons. Although the carcinogenic risk was low, non-cancer disease risk exceeded the standard. Therefore, direct exposure of residents to OWB may pose significant health risks. The present work fills the scientific and knowledge gaps in the OWB studies.
Nowadays, environmental initiatives and campaign activities are promoted massively in Bandung City. These activities are part of the program to achieve sustainable development goals at the municipal ...level. Text mining methods from online news and media were conducted to understand the implication of the program to the pro-environmental behavior and consciousness of the Bandung City residents. A questionnaire survey to 340 residents of Bandung City was also distributed randomly to see the relationship between sociodemographic profiles (age and education level) and pro-environmental behavior of the respondents. Results showed that the Kang Pisman program became the highest environmentally friendly movement program promoted through mass media. This result also correspondence to the questionnaire survey in which people in Bandung City try to reduce their produced waste. Besides, education level is insignificant, and age becomes one-factor influencing environmental behavior. The interesting point is that the government should enhance organic waste management since many people are unwilling to process their organic waste. To promote, educate, and engage residents in pro-environmental behavior, stakeholders should conduct environmentally friendly movements, thus achieving local SDGs target.
Global environmental damage emphasizes the importance of environmental education at schools. It is a tool for achieving sustainable development. Environmental education (EE) is integrated into ...several core subjects in the Indonesian primary school curriculum as a thematic learning. For the teachers, it is essential to be aware of planning and designing appropriate learning methods based on the physical, emotional, and cognitive stages primary students. Kamishibai seems suitable for EE learning at primary school. It can help students to understand EE content. The aim of this study was to analyze using Kamishibai in thematic learning to increase the students' knowledge of EE. The method used in this study was pre-experiment with the research design of the one-group pretest-posttest design. Nine 5th grade students participated in the study. To determine the students’ knowledge of EE, a test was administered before and after the Kamishibai implementation. As a result of the analysis, it was found that, after the implementation, the students’ knowledge of EE was higher than before implementation. The result also showed the students’ ability in retelling the story at the end of the Kamishibai implementation. These indicated that Kamishibai strengthened students' memory. In conclusion, Kamishibai increased students' knowledge of EE.
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