Euclid
is poised to survey galaxies across a cosmological volume of unprecedented size, providing observations of more than a billion objects distributed over a third of the full sky. Approximately ...20 million of these galaxies will have their spectroscopy available, allowing us to map the three-dimensional large-scale structure of the Universe in great detail. This paper investigates prospects for the detection of cosmic voids therein and the unique benefit they provide for cosmological studies. In particular, we study the imprints of dynamic (redshift-space) and geometric (Alcock–Paczynski) distortions of average void shapes and their constraining power on the growth of structure and cosmological distance ratios. To this end, we made use of the Flagship mock catalog, a state-of-the-art simulation of the data expected to be observed with
Euclid
. We arranged the data into four adjacent redshift bins, each of which contains about 11 000 voids and we estimated the stacked void-galaxy cross-correlation function in every bin. Fitting a linear-theory model to the data, we obtained constraints on
f
/
b
and
D
M
H
, where
f
is the linear growth rate of density fluctuations,
b
the galaxy bias,
D
M
the comoving angular diameter distance, and
H
the Hubble rate. In addition, we marginalized over two nuisance parameters included in our model to account for unknown systematic effects in the analysis. With this approach,
Euclid
will be able to reach a relative precision of about 4% on measurements of
f
/
b
and 0.5% on
D
M
H
in each redshift bin. Better modeling or calibration of the nuisance parameters may further increase this precision to 1% and 0.4%, respectively. Our results show that the exploitation of cosmic voids in
Euclid
will provide competitive constraints on cosmology even as a stand-alone probe. For example, the equation-of-state parameter,
w
, for dark energy will be measured with a precision of about 10%, consistent with previous more approximate forecasts.
We have investigated the cosmological constraints that can be expected from measurement of the cross-correlation of galaxies with cosmic voids identified in the
Euclid
spectroscopic survey, which ...will include spectroscopic information for tens of millions of galaxies over 15 000 deg
2
of the sky in the redshift range 0.9 ≤
z
< 1.8. We have done this using simulated measurements obtained from the Flagship mock catalogue, the official
Euclid
mock that closely matches the expected properties of the spectroscopic dataset. To mitigate anisotropic selection-bias effects, we have used a velocity field reconstruction method to remove large-scale redshift-space distortions from the galaxy field before void-finding. This allowed us to accurately model contributions to the observed anisotropy of the cross-correlation function arising from galaxy velocities around voids as well as from the Alcock–Paczynski effect, and we studied the dependence of constraints on the efficiency of reconstruction. We find that
Euclid
voids will be able to constrain the ratio of the transverse comoving distance
D
M
and Hubble distance
D
H
to a relative precision of about 0.3%, and the growth rate
fσ
8
to a precision of between 5% and 8% in each of the four redshift bins covering the full redshift range. In the standard cosmological model, this translates to a statistical uncertainty ΔΩ
m
= ±0.0028 on the matter density parameter from voids, which is better than what can be achieved from either
Euclid
galaxy clustering and weak lensing individually. We also find that voids alone can measure the dark energy equation of state to a 6% precision.
Objectives
To analyze the incidence of the overlap syndrome of depressive symptoms and delirium, risk factors, and independent and dose‐response effect of the overlap syndrome on outcomes in elderly ...adults with hip fracture.
Design
Prospective cohort study.
Setting
University hospital.
Participants
Individuals with hip fracture without delirium (N = 277; aged 78.0 ± 8.2) consequently enrolled in a prospective cohort study.
Measurements
Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Geriatric Depression Scale and cognitive status using the Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire upon hospital admission. Incident delirium was assessed daily during the hospital stay using the Confusion Assessment Method. Information on complications acquired in the hospital, severity of complications, re‐interventions, length of hospital stay, and 1‐month mortality was recorded.
Results
Thirty (10.8%) participants had depressive symptoms alone, 88 (31.8%) delirium alone, 60 (21.7%) overlap syndrome, and 99 (35.7%) neither condition. According to multivariate regression analysis, participants with the overlap syndrome had significantly higher incidence of vision impairment (P = .02), longer time‐to‐surgery (P = .03), and lower cognitive function (P < .001) than participants with no depressive symptoms and no delirium. In the adjusted regression analysis, participants with neither condition were at lower risk of complications than those with the overlap syndrome (P = .03). After adjustment, participants with the overlap syndrome were at higher risk of longer hospital stay independently (P = .003) and in a dose‐response manner in the following order: no depression and no delirium, depressive symptoms alone, delirium alone, and the overlap syndrome (P = .002).
Conclusion
Depressive symptoms and delirium increase the likelihood of adverse outcomes after hip fracture in a step‐wise manner when they coexist. To reduce the risk of adverse outcome in individuals with hip fracture, efforts to identify, prevent, and treat this condition need to be increased.
Response to Carnevali and Colleagues Radinovic, Kristina S.; Markovic-Denic, Ljiljana; Dubljanin-Raspopovic, Emilija
Journal of the American Geriatrics Society,
05/2015, Letnik:
63, Številka:
5
Journal Article
p53 plays an essential pro-apoptotic role, a function thought to be shared with its family members p73 and p63. Here, we show that p73 is primarily present in developing neurons as a truncated ...isoform whose levels are dramatically decreased when sympathetic neurons apoptose after nerve growth factor (NGF) withdrawal. Increased expression of truncated p73 rescues these neurons from apoptosis induced by NGF withdrawal or p53 overexpression. In p73-/- mice, all isoforms of p73 are deleted and the apoptosis of developing sympathetic neurons is greatly enhanced. Thus, truncated p73 is an essential anti-apoptotic protein in neurons, serving to counteract the pro-apoptotic function of p53.
Prelom kuka predstavlja veoma estu traumu kod osoba starijeg uzrasta. Jedna od naješih komplikacija kod ovih pacijenata nakon operacije preloma kuka je delirijum.Ciljevi ove disertacije su bili da se ...sagledaju faktori rizika vezani za pacijenta kao i za hospitalizaciju i hiruršku intervenciju koji su od znaaja za pojavu postoperativnog delirijuma kod pacijenata sa prelomom kuka.Praeno je 277 pacijenata starosti 50 godina sa akutnim prelomom kuka operativno leenih na Institutu za ortopedsku hirurgiju i traumatologiju Klinikog centra Srbije u periodu od 1.4.2010. do 1.4.2011. godine. Ispitivan je uticaj demografskih i socioekonomskih karakteristika, mesta preloma, same hirurške intervencije i vrste anestezije, fizikog zdravlja, broj lekova u linoj terapiji, kognitivnog statusa, poremeaja raspoloženja, funkcionalnog statusa, dužine bolnikog leenja, pojave komplikacija i postoperativnog bola na pojavu postoperativnog delirijuma.Nezavisni prediktori za nastanak postoperativnog delirijuma kod pacijenata sa prelomom kuka prema multivarijantnoj regresionoj analizi su; stariji uzrast ( 85 god.), ošteenje vida, depresija na prijemu, teško kognitivno ošteenje, dehidratacija (urea/kreatinin odnos 14), lošiji fiziki status pacijenata, kao i prisustvo jakog akutnog postoperativnog bola. Od ovih faktora rizika, teško kognitivno ošteenje i jak akutni bol prvog postoperativnog dana su bili najjae povezani sa pojavom postoperativnog delirijuma.Na osnovu rezultata ove disertacije predlaže se uvoenje interventnih mera kojima bi se delovalo na preventibilne faktore rizika radi redukcije incidencije postoperativnog delirijuma sa ciljem spreavanja komplikacija i samanjenje mortalitata kod starijih pacijenata nakon preloma kuka.
We investigate the cosmological constraints that can be expected from measurement of the cross-correlation of galaxies with cosmic voids identified in the Euclid spectroscopic survey, which will ...include spectroscopic information for tens of millions of galaxies over \(15\,000\) deg\(^2\) of the sky in the redshift range \(0.9\leq z<1.8\). We do this using simulated measurements obtained from the Flagship mock catalogue, the official Euclid mock that closely matches the expected properties of the spectroscopic data set. To mitigate anisotropic selection-bias effects, we use a velocity field reconstruction method to remove large-scale redshift-space distortions from the galaxy field before void-finding. This allows us to accurately model contributions to the observed anisotropy of the cross-correlation function arising from galaxy velocities around voids as well as from the Alcock-Paczynski effect, and we study the dependence of constraints on the efficiency of reconstruction. We find that Euclid voids will be able to constrain the ratio of the transverse comoving distance \(D_{\rm M}\) and Hubble distance \(D_{\rm H}\) to a relative precision of about \(0.3\%\), and the growth rate \(f\sigma_8\) to a precision of between \(5\%\) and \(8\%\) in each of four redshift bins covering the full redshift range. In the standard cosmological model, this translates to a statistical uncertainty \(\Delta\Omega_\mathrm{m}=\pm0.0028\) on the matter density parameter from voids, better than can be achieved from either Euclid galaxy clustering and weak lensing individually. We also find that voids alone can measure the dark energy equation of state to \(6\%\) precision.
The aim of our study was to characterize the temporal relationship of apoptosis to regional myocardial ischemia and reperfusion and we aimed to determine the effect of ischemia and reperfusion on the ...distribution of the pro-apoptotic cysteine protease caspase-3 (CPP 32, apopain, Yama) in an in vivo rat model. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (250-400 g) were anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital (65 mg/kg, i.p.), the left external carotid artery was isolated to monitor arterial pressure and a left thoracotomy was performed. Regional myocardial ischemia was induced by occluding the left main coronary artery for 45 min. The heart was reperfused for 0, 60, 120 or 180 min. TUNEL staining of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded left ventricle, and DNA fragmentation analysis, showed that apoptosis occurred during 45 min of ischemia alone, but further developed during the 3-h reperfusion period. Immunohistochemical analysis of ischemic/reperfused left ventricle showed caspase-3 levels were substantially elevated and localized in the ischemic/reperfused region, and that caspase-3 co-localized to TUNEL positive myocytes. Therefore, regional myocardial ischemia serves as a stimulus for myocyte apoptosis, and this form of cell death progresses time-dependently after the onset of reperfusion. Our studies implicate caspase-3 to be involved in apoptotic cell death in ischemic/reperfused rat heart.
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of different administration protocols on the cardioprotective efficacy of the non-selective, irreversible caspase inhibitors
...N-benzyloxycarbonyl-Val-Ala-Asp-fluoromethylketone (zVAD.fmk) and bocaspartyl-(OMe)-fluoromethylketone (BocD.fmk) in a rat in vivo ischemia and reperfusion paradigm. Hearts were made ischemic for 45 min and reperfused for 180 min. Under these conditions, it was determined that zVAD.fmk was cardioprotective when administered before or after the onset of ischemia, whereas BocD.fmk was efficacious only when administered before the onset of ischemia. This is the first report of in vivo cardioprotection by a caspase inhibitor when administered after the onset of ischemia.
Autori predstavljaju rezultate modelskog istraživanja kojim se potvrđuje bioekonometrijski pristup upravljanja fondom srdele Sardina pilchardus (Walb.,1972) na istočnoj obali hrvatskog dijela ...Jadranskog mora. Nastojali su, metodološki i teoretski odraditi polazne scenarije za rješavanje aktualnih problema upravljanja fondom srdele te ih izvući iz dosadašnjeg, strogo, empirijsko-prakticističkog konteksta. U tom smislu, za hrvatske prilike kreirana je stanovita istraživačka paradigma, sjedinivši kvantitativni i kvalitativni pristup upravljanja fondom srdele. Uzimajući biološke parametre fonda kao polazne veličine interaktivno se izvodio ekonometrijski dio spajajući ga time u cjeloviti bioekonometrijski model. Model je definiran kroz tri pretpostavljena scenarija, i to: (1) demisiju i prenamjenu manje učinkovitog dijela ribarske flote iz profesionalnog ribarstva, (2) uvođenje mreža veće selektivnosti ulova i (3) promjenu razine troškovno-cjenovnog poticanja ulova. Koristeći programski paket Mefisto došlo se do zaključka da svaki od izvedenih scenarija pokazuje polarizirajuću prednost u biološkim i ekonomskim veličinama u odnosu na postojeće stanje. Tražeći među scenarijima optimalnu biološko-ekonomsku kombinaciju prednosti, scenarij demisije i prenamjene postojeće ribarske flote, pokazalo se najprihvatljivijom strategijom u odnosu na polazište problema. Dugoročno sagledavanje optimalne veličine fonda srdele, na istočnom dijelu Jadranskog mora, upućuje da treba voditi računa o broju ribarske flote odnosno demisiji manje učinkovitijih brodova iz profesionalnog ribarstva.
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