This paper considers the use of myths and symbols, and the culture and values that underpin contemporary Scottish Identity. Symbols and myths play very important role in contemporary Scottish ...national identity, and many have a centuries- old tradition and are clearly associated with Scottishness, while others, created much later, are an important element of national belonging for Scots. Interestingly, some of these symbols and myths are so prominent and expressive that they are associated with Scottishness around the world. Others, on the other hand, are less recognisable worldwide, but have significant efficacy in Scotland. The importance of symbols that underpin, define and re-enforce Scottish national identity cannot be understated. They are evidence of pride in being Scottish and of belonging to the Scottish nation. Symbols and myths enable Scots, both old and new to express their national belonging. Furthermore, they provide an important element of national cohesion and a sense of national identity in turbulent times. We consider the issue of the song, dress, land and flag of the nation, and how they contribute to a sense of Scottishness at home (and abroad) today.
Scotland became part of the United Kingdom in 1707, when the Act of Union was signed by both the Scottish and English Parliaments. Even though Scots were then largely subordinated to the decisions ...taken by Westminster, they maintained a sense of independence. One of the most important elements of building Scottish national identity is their history, mainly based on Scottish-English relations and traditions that have been thought to be “invented” by intellectual elites in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. The aim of the article is to present Scottish national identity in comparison to historical conditions, with particular emphasis on Scottish-English relations.
The Democratic Republic of the Congo is a country that has a significant number of natural resources that have not brought its inhabitants prosperity, but have become a cause of their exploitation ...and poverty instead. Congolese people have experienced many injustices for over a century mainly because of the political governance in the country. They suffer from hunger, numerous diseases and poverty; they also experience numerous violations of the human rights, including mass murders, rapes and mutilations, as well as the recruitments of child soldiers by the Congolese army and various armed groups from the Congo and neighbouring countries. The modern Democratic Republic of the Congo is an unstable state, particularly vulnerable to the actions of numerous rebel organizations. The causes of the contemporary socio-political situation in this country can be found primarly in its history, starting from the cruel times of Leopold II during the Belgian colonization, then through the Mobutu dictatorship and all subsequent presidents. The aim of the article is to present the undemocratic governments in the Congo, which led to the exploitation of its inhabitants and contributed to the current unstable situation of the country.
The Democratic Republic of the Congo is a country that has a significant number of natural resources that have not brought its inhabitants prosperity, but have become a cause of their ex- ploitation ...and poverty instead. Congolese people have experienced many injustices for over a cen- tury mainly because of the political governance in the country. They suffer from hunger, numerous diseases and poverty; they also experience nu- merous violations of the human rights, including mass murders, rapes and mutilations, as well as the recruitments of child soldiers by the Congolese army and various armed groups from the Congo and neighbouring countries. The modern Demo- cratic Republic of the Congo is an unstable state, particularly vulnerable to the actions of numerous rebel organizations. The causes of the contempo- rary socio-political situation in this country can be found primarly in its history, starting from the cruel times of Leopold II during the Belgian colonisation, then through the Mobutu dictator- ship and all subsequent presidents. The aim of the article is to present the undemocratic governments in the Congo, which led to the exploitation of its inhabitants and contributed to the current unstable situation of the country.
Nowadays, the significance of women in the international movement of migrants is important both from a quantitative and qualitative point of view. Many migrant women move to other countries either on ...their own or to join their husbands or other family members. The number of migrant women is also increasing in Europe. For this reason, focusing on the phenomenon of gender-based migration has become an important research element and affects many areas. The mass migration of women from highly diverse cultural backgrounds to European countries draws particular attention to the problems of integrating these women in host countries. However, most European countries lack integration policies that take into account the real needs of migrant women. Given thatwomen account for almost half of all migrants, data on migration should be gender-sensitive and state policies must take into account how gender actually shapes the different needs of migrants. Also, since migrant women/refugees who come to European countries constitute a heterogeneous group in many respects, this heterogeneity should be taken into accountin integration processes. In this article, two issues have been taken into account as research questions: 1, are immigrant/refugee women treated the same as immigrant/refugee men? and 2, is gender taken into account in the integration policies of European countries? To study the issues presentedin the article, a review of the available literature was used, as well as data available on the websites of the OECD and the European Commission.
Scotland became part of the United Kingdom in 1707, when the Act of Union was signed by both the Scottish and English Parliaments. Even though Scots were then largely subordinated to the decisions ...taken by Westminster, they maintained a sense of independence. One of the most important elements of building Scottish national identity is their history, mainly based on ScottishEnglish relations and traditions that have been thought to be "invented" by intellectual elites in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. The aim of the article is to present Scottish national identity in comparison to historical conditions, with particular emphasis on Scottish-English relations.
Razem czy osobno? Joanna Aleksandra Radowicz
Politeja,
09/2014, Letnik:
11, Številka:
5 (31/1)
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Together or Separately? Scottish Independence Tendencies In 1707, the Act of Union formally united Scotland with England as Great Britain. Scotland retained its own legal system, churches and ...universities but all real political power moved to London. Scots have never accepted English domination. But the electoral success of New Labour in 1997 paved finally the way for Scottish needs to independence. On September 11, 1997 Labour government held a referendum on the issue of devolution. A positive outcome led to the elections of a devolved Scottish Parliament in 1999. Devolution made Scotland more independent from Westminster but also strengthened Scottish national identity and tendencies of separatism. On October 15, 2012 First Minister of Scotland Alex Salmond and British Prime Minister David Cameron have signed ‘Edinburgh agreement’ which enable to enact referendum on Scottish independence on September 18, 2014. That day Scots will decide whether they continue to be a part of the United Kingdom. The main purpose of this article is to present the Scottish independence tendencies in comparison to their history, national identity and devolution process.
In 1707, the Act of Union formally united Scotland with England as Great Britain. Scotland retained its own legal system, churches and universities but all real political power moved to London. Scots ...have never accepted English domination. But the electoral success of New Labour in 1997 paved finally the way for Scottish needs to independence. On September 11, 1997 Labour government held a referendum on the issue of devolution. A positive outcome led to the elections of a devolved Scottish Parliament in 1999. Devolution made Scotland more independent from Westminster but also strengthened Scottish national identity and tendencies of separatism. On October 15, 2012 First Minister of Scotland Alex Salmond and British Prime Minister David Cameron have signed ‘Edinburgh agreement’ which enable to enact referendum on Scottish independence on September 18, 2014. That day Scots will decide whether they continue to be a part of the United Kingdom. The main purpose of this article is to present the Scottish independence tendencies in comparison to their history, national identity and devolution process.
In 1707, the Act of Union formally united Scotland with England as Great Britain. Scotland retained its own legal system, churches and universities but all real political power moved to London. Scots ...have never accepted English domination. But the electoral success of New Labour in 1997 paved finally the way for Scottish needs to independence. On September 11, 1997 Labour government held a referendum on the issue of devolution. A positive outcome led to the elections of a devolved Scottish Parliament in 1999. Devolution made Scotland more independent from Westminster but also strengthened Scottish national identity and tendencies of separatism. On October 15, 2012 First Minister of Scotland Alex Salmond and British Prime Minister David Cameron have signed 'Edinburgh agreement' which enable to enact referendum on Scottish independence on September 18, 2014. That day Scots will decide whether they continue to be a part of the United Kingdom. The main purpose of this article is to present the Scottish independence tendencies in comparison to their history, national identity and devolution process.
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