The process of complex formation of casein from skimmed milk and purified casein with chitosan of different molecular weights was studied. It was shown that at pH 6.3 casein micelles and parts of ...whey proteins coagulated with positively charged chitosan molecules with molecular weights of 45.3, 25.4, 7.7 and 1.5 kDa. As a result of ionic interaction of chitosan with skimmed milk proteins the yield of target product reached 90–92%. It consisted of all forms of casein: α-casein, β-casein, κ-casein and small amount of whey proteins.
Extensive study of heavy ion collisions at RHIC resulted in the discovery of a strongly coupled Quark Gluon Plasma (sQGP). Since then, the RHIC experiments main effort was directed towards detailed ...study of the new state of matter using more differential and precise measurements. One of the signatures of sQGP formation is the jet quenching effect, which is observed as a suppression of high transverse momenta (pT) hadron yields in heavy-ion (A+A) collisions compared to ones measured in elementary proton-proton (p+p) collisions, which is quantified with the nuclear modification factor (RAA). This paper presents results of π0 and η mesons invariant pT-spectra and RAA measured in U+U collisions at S NN =192GeV in different centrality intervals with PHENIX experiment at RHIC. The π0 and η mesons production in U+U collisions is similarly suppressed within uncertainties and shows similar suppression pattern as the one measured in Au+Au collisions at S NN =200GeV in central and semi-central collisions. In peripheral collisions π0 and η mesons are slightly more suppressed in U+U collisions then in Au+Au.
To study properties of quark-gluon plasma(QGP) is one of the main tasks of modern High Energy Physics. One of the signatures of QGP formation is jet quenching, which was observed as a suppression of ...particle yields (compared to the yield of the same particles in proton-proton collisions) at high transverse momentum region in central collisions of ultra-relativistic heavy nuclei. Jet quenching is the effect of the final state of heavy nuclei collision which is usually explained through parton energy loss in hot and dense medium. Experimentally the jet quenching is studied with nuclear modification factor. This paper presents invariant transverse momentum spectra and nuclear modification factors for π 0 mesons in different classes of centrality in U+U collisions at √SNN=192GeV. Spectra and factors are measured in a wide pT range up to 18 GeV/c for different classes of centrality. In central U+U collisions suppression of neutral π-mesons is the same as the suppression of neutral π-mesons in Au+Au collisions at the similar collision energy and similar numbers of participants.
Studies of collisions between ultrarelativistic heavy nuclei at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) led to the discovery of a qualitatively new state of matter (strongly coupled quark–gluon ...plasma), in which quarks and gluons are not bound inside hadrons, but move freely within the volume of the created medium. The U + U collision system with an energy of 192 GeV at the RHIC is the heaviest system of colliding nuclei used in colliding beam experiments and allows us to obtain the highest energy density among systems of ultrarelativistic colliding nuclei. The results are presented from measuring factors of the nuclear modification of π
0
- and η-mesons in (U + U) collisions at an energy of 192 GeV.
Studying the properties of strongly interacting quark–gluon plasma (sQGP) is one of the main aims of modern physics. Measuring the invariant yields of neutral pions is one of the best tools for sQGP ...research, since they can be measured in a wide range of transverse momenta with relatively small statistical and systematic errors. Analysis of specific features of meson production in U + U collisions should help to establish additional constraints on the parameters of theoretical models, and to measure the properties of sQGP more accurately. This work presents the invariant differential transverse-momentum spectra and nuclear modification factors of neutral pions produced in U + U collisions of four different classes of centrality at an energy of 192 GeV.
The first traces of the formation of strongly interacting quark–gluon plasma (sQGP) were found in central collisions of heavy nuclei (
A
+
A
) in experiments on the RHIC collider. The quenching of ...hadron jets, which is seen as a reduction in the yield of particles in
A
+
A
collisions relative to their yield in proton–proton collisions, is one observable sign of sQGP formation. Asymmetrical Cu + Au collisions at 200 GeV, which are characterized by a distinct geometry of nucleus overlap that differs from the geometry in symmetrical collision systems (Au + Au or Cu + Cu), are of special interest in systematic studies of the quenching of hadron jets. The results are presented from measuring invariant transverse-momentum spectra and nuclear modification factors of mesons containing strange quarks in Cu + Au collisions at 200 GeV.
Observations of collective effects in (
A + A
) collisions of heavy nuclei confirm the formation of quark–gluon plasma. The systematic study of collective effects of hot nuclear matter associated ...with the quark–gluon medium and their separation from the effects of cold nuclear matter associated with nucleon medium is one of the main aims of modern high-energy physics. Such studies are conducted using different systems of colliding nuclei. The results are presented from measuring the nuclear modification factors of neutral pions in Cu + Au,
p
+ Au,
d
+ Au, and
3
He + Au collisions at 200 GeV.
In 2015, the PHENIX collaboration has measured very forward (η > 6.8) single spin asymmetries of inclusive neutrons in transversely polarized proton-proton and proton-nucleus collisions at a center ...of mass energy of 200 GeV. A previous publication from this dataset concentrated on the nuclear dependence of such asymmetries. In this measurement the explicit transverse momentum dependence of inclusive neutron single spin asymmetries for proton-proton collisions is extracted using a bootstrapping unfolding technique on the transverse momenta. This explicit transverse momentum dependence will help improve the understanding of the mechanisms that create these asymmetries.
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