The scope of Baker's law Pannell, John R.; Auld, Josh R.; Brandvain, Yaniv ...
New phytologist,
November 2015, Letnik:
208, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Baker's law refers to the tendency for species that establish on islands by long-distance dispersal to show an increased capacity for self-fertilization because of the advantage of self-compatibility ...when colonizing new habitat. Despite its intuitive appeal and broad empirical support, it has received substantial criticism over the years since it was proclaimed in the 1950s, not least because it seemed to be contradicted by the high frequency of dioecy on islands. Recent theoretical work has again questioned the generality and scope of Baker's law. Here, we attempt to discern where the idea is useful to apply and where it is not. We conclude that several of the perceived problems with Baker's law fall away when a narrower perspective is adopted on how it should be circumscribed. We emphasize that Baker's law should be read in terms of an enrichment of a capacity for uniparental reproduction in colonizing situations, rather than of high selfing rates. We suggest that Baker's law might be tested in four different contexts, which set the breadth of its scope: the colonization of oceanic islands, metapopulation dynamics with recurrent colonization, range expansions with recurrent colonization, and colonization through species invasions.
El gran reto de la democracia moderna es la institucionalización de la participación. Desde la década de 1990, así lo han entendido distintos países latinoamericanos, que han llevado a cabo procesos ...constituyentes en los que la participación ocupa un papel esencial. Entre todos ellos, la Constitución colombiana de 1991 resulta pionera. Su constitucionalización de la participación marcó un camino que han seguido otros países de la región. Pero la participación es un derecho que depende de su desarrollo. En los treinta años transcurridos desde su aprobación este concepto se ha ido consolidando en Colombia a través de las leyes estatutarias de desarrollo y la jurisprudencia de la Corte Constitucional. Así se ha ido configurando un sistema participativo, complementario a la democracia representativa, donde el derecho de participación ocupa un papel fundamentalmente instrumental de refuerzo a la consecución de otros derechos fundamentales, de control y, en general, de fortalecimiento de la legitimidad de la democracia.
Germination behavior is one of the earliest phenotypes expressed by plants. This fact has several consequences for the evolution of postgermination traits, ecological niches, and geographic ranges. ...By determining the conditions that plants experience after they germinate, germination influences phenotypic expression of postgermination traits, natural selection on them, and their genetic basis. The breadth of germination niches may influence the ecological breadth and geographic ranges of species. Because germination is expressed early, it is frequently subjected to natural selection before other traits are expressed. We review evidence for natural selection on and adaptation of germination and discuss how the breadth of the germination niche is associated with the ecological niche and range of plant species. We review evidence for the coevolution of germination and postgermination traits and compare germination to postgermination niches. Finally, we discuss how germination responses to altered environments can influence species distribution and the evolution of postgermination traits after environmental change.
The incorporation of sustainability in universities finds the greatest barriers in the field of teaching. The curricula do not usually cover all dimensions of sustainability as most of the ...experiences are isolated and they do not reach all students. Within a larger study, an exploratory investigation has been carried out on how sustainability competences are being integrated into the programs of both Informatics Engineering and Industrial Engineering degrees of 25 Spanish universities. The main findings suggest that existing courses in the domain of the humanities and engineering projects, as well as the final degree project, are very appropriate areas for developing a holistic and reflective approach. Likewise, there is a lack of environmental issues in Informatics Engineering, and ethical issues do not usually appear in Industrial Engineering courses. In general, there is no systematic and strategic integration along the degree programs. However, inspiring practices have been identified to propose lines of action and a curriculum model to embed sustainability into engineering education coherently and effectively. In addition, some reflections on drivers, opportunities, and challenges to achieve it are presented.
Seed dormancy, by controlling the timing of germination, can strongly affect plant survival. The kind of seed dormancy, therefore, can influence both population and species‐level processes such as ...colonization, adaptation, speciation, and extinction. We used a dataset comprising over 14 000 taxa in 318 families across the seed plants to test hypotheses on the evolution of different kinds of seed dormancy and their association with lineage diversification. We found morphophysiological dormancy to be the most likely ancestral state of seed plants, suggesting that physiologically regulated dormancy in response to environmental cues was present at the origin of seed plants. Additionally, we found that physiological dormancy (PD), once disassociated from morphological dormancy, acted as an ‘evolutionary hub’ from which other dormancy classes evolved, and that it was associated with higher rates of lineage diversification via higher speciation rates. The environmental sensitivity provided by dormancy in general, and by PD in particular, appears to be a key trait in the diversification of seed plants.
Abstract
The aim of this manuscript is to obtain rigidity and non-existence results for parabolic spacelike submanifolds with causal mean curvature vector field in orthogonally splitted spacetimes, ...and in particular, in globally hyperbolic spacetimes. We also obtain results regarding the geometry of submanifolds by ensuring, under some mild hypothesis, the non-existence of local minima or maxima of certain distinguished function. Furthermore, in this last case the submanifold does not need to be parabolic or even complete. As an application in General Relativity, we obtain several nice results regarding (non-necessarily closed) trapped surfaces in a huge family of spacetimes. In fact, we show how our technique allows us to recover some relevant previous results for trapped surfaces in both, standard static spacetimes and generalized Robertson–Walker spacetimes.
It is difficult to overstate the cultural and biological impacts that the domestication of plants and animals has had on our species. Fundamental questions regarding where, when, and how many times ...domestication took place have been of primary interest within a wide range of academic disciplines. Within the last two decades, the advent of new archaeological and genetic techniques has revolutionized our understanding of the pattern and process of domestication and agricultural origins that led to our modern way of life. In the spring of 2011, 25 scholars with a central interest in domestication representing the fields of genetics, archaeobotany, zooarchaeology, geoarchaeology, and archaeology met at the National Evolutionary Synthesis Center to discuss recent domestication research progress and identify challenges for the future. In this introduction to the resulting Special Feature, we present the state of the art in the field by discussing what is known about the spatial and temporal patterns of domestication, and controversies surrounding the speed, intentionality, and evolutionary aspects of the domestication process. We then highlight three key challenges for future research. We conclude by arguing that although recent progress has been impressive, the next decade will yield even more substantial insights not only into how domestication took place, but also when and where it did, and where and why it did not.
Professor Raghu Nath Singh Fernández Rubio, Rafael
Mine water and the environment,
12/2021, Letnik:
40, Številka:
4
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Publications of Ragu Singh in the IMWA Journals Between 1982 and 2013 (Provided by Christian Wolkersdorfer) Aston TRC, Singh RN (1982) A new approach for determining permeability characteristics of ...rock using slug testing techniques. Int J Mine Water 2(4):35–51 Indratna B, Singh RN (1994) Distinct element analysis of water inflow to underground excavations. Int J Mine Water 7(3):1–33 Singh RN, Sivakumar M, Atkins AS (1995) Application of executive information system to mine site water pollution control. Mine Water Environ 13(1):27–39 Terezopoulos NG, Singh RN (1987) Ground water control be grouting in tunnels for a pumped storage scheme.
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