The mortality rate of
Entamoeba histolytica
is still high and approximately 100,000 per year. Environmental factors and different pathogens can cause microsatellite instability (MSI) positive, which ...may be one reason for colorectal cancer. MSI status can play an essential role in treatment. Moreover,
E. histolytica
might be one of the pathogens which raise the incidence of colorectal cancer. Therefore, the probable relationship of
E. histolytica
with MSI production was evaluated. Four hundred samples of colorectal biopsies based on pathological reports were divided into four groups: colitis, polyps, hyperplasia or dysplasia, and adenocarcinoma. The prevalence of
E. histolytica
was examined with PCR and immunohistochemical staining (IHC) for the light chain lectin HK-9. The adenocarcinoma formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded colorectal tumours sections were tested for MSI genes. We detected
E. histolytica
in 6% and 4% of colitis samples by PCR and IHC technique, respectively. However, it did not identify in polyp and hyperplasia samples. The MSI test was examined in the colorectal cancer group, which became positive in 19%.
Entamoeba histolytica
was detected in 26.3% (5/19) of MSI-positive and 2.5% (2/81) of MSI-negative cases by IHC technique however was not identified by PCR assay in this group. It is concluded PCR and IHC assay is recommended as complementary tests in colitis biopsies. Simultaneous PCR and IHC negative results could confirm the non-existence of the parasite with more confidence. Consequently,
E. histolytica
might be one of the biotic factors which raise the incidence of colorectal cancer because of the coincidence of the IHC positive results in MSI-positive adenocarcinoma.
Pediculosis by
Pediculus humanus capitis
is still an important health issue in school-age students worldwide. Although pediculicidal agents effectively kill head lice, the re-infestation rate is ...still high. This study was conducted to provide a summary of evidence about the prevalence of pediculosis capitis among school-age students worldwide. Different databases including MEDLINE
/
PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched for publications related to pediculosis capitis in school-age students from 1977 to 2020. All peer-reviewed original research articles describing pediculosis capitis among school-age students were included. Statistical heterogeneity of the different years among studies was assessed using the standard chi squared and
I
2
tests. Due to the significant heterogeneity, a random effect model was adopted to estimate the pooled, continent, and gender-specific prevalence of pediculosis. Two hundred and one papers met the inclusion criteria of this review and entered into the meta-analysis including 1,218,351 individuals. Through a random effect model, the prevalence of pediculosis capitis among school students was estimated as 19% (CI 95% = 0.18–0.20%,
I
2
= 99.89%). The prevalence of pediculosis capitis among boys was 7% (CI 95% = 0.05–0.10) compared to 19% (CI 95% = 0.15–0.24) in girls. The highest prevalence was in Central and South America (33%, CI 95% = 0.22–0.44,
I
2
= 99.81%) and the lowest was in Europe (5%, CI 95% = 4–6,
I
2
= 99.28%). Relatively high pediculosis capitis prevalence among school-age students observed in this study emphasizes the need for implementing screening and prophylaxis tailored to the local context.
Hydatid cyst is the larval stage of dog tape worm Echinococcus granulosus. Protoscolices are parasite larvae that develop into adult worms in the final host intestine. During surgical treatment of ...human hydatidsosis spillage of live protoscolices is the major cause of hydatidosis recurrence. To prevent this problem scolicidal agent such as hypertonic salt are used to kill the protoscolices that may disseminate into the patient's tissues during surgery. However, they may have some unacceptable side effects. To find scolicidal agents with high efficacy, the effect of different compounds on protoscolices of hydatid cyst in vitro has been reviewed. Using PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and SID databases articles about scolicidal effects of different agents on protoscolices of hydatid cyst in vitro were collected. Foeniculum vulgare after 5 min, metalonic extracts of Allium sativum and hypertonic saline after 10 min, and warm water after 2 min kill all alive protoscolices. The above agents that in minimum time and minimum concentration have 100% scolicidal activity, could be good candidates for further investigations.
•The antigens of different parts of liver and lung cysts manifest various proteins.•The antigens of lung and liver cysts are immunogenically different.•There are more immunogenic protein in the ...laminated layer.•These antigenic variations might have made diagnostic serologic test unreliable.
Hydatidosis is one of the most important zoonotic diseases with a worldwide distribution and it seems that the survival of Echinococcus granulosus in nature for many years, is due to having different mechanisms to escape from the host immune systems. One of these efficient mechanisms is the production of various antigens and proteins by the larva of the parasite and the main purpose of this study is evaluation of manifestation of various antigens in different parts of intermediate host. The hepatic and pulmonary hydatid cysts were gathered from sheep and the antigens of different parts of the cysts (laminated layer, protoscolices and cyst fluid) were separated and analyzed by SDS-PAGE and then transferred to nitrocellulose paper and finally, Western blot analysis was evaluated the immunogenicity of proteins. The antigens of laminated layer, protoscolices and hydatid cyst fluid, in different tissues of the liver and lungs, manifest various proteins and also these antigens are immunogenically different. Also, it is found more immunogenic proteins in the laminated layer than the other parts of the cysts. The various proteins are generated by Echinococcus granulosus larva depending on the type of tissues attacked by the parasite. Increasing the chance of survival may be the main cause of manifestation various antigens in different parts of cysts and host tissues. These antigenic variations might have made diagnostic serologic test unreliable.
Toxoplasmosis has been categorized as one of the long-lasting protozoan parasitic infections. It affects almost one-third of the world’s population. In recent years, several documented studies have ...elucidated that infected individuals have a remarkably higher incidence of distinct health problems and show various adverse effects. In the PCR-positive COVID-19 patients in Gonbad-e-Kavus, Kalaleh, and Minoodasht counties in the northern part of Iran from June 2021 to December 2021, we sought to investigate any potential relationships between the severity of COVID-19 symptoms and acute and latent toxoplasmosis caused by
Toxoplasma gondii
(
T. gondii
). Whole blood samples of 161 COVID-19 patients with positive PCR. The samples were centrifuged to separate serum and screened for two important antibodies against
T. gondii
(IgM and IgG) by using ELISA kits for human anti-
T. gondii
IgM and IgG. Anti-
T. gondii
IgM and IgG antibodies were detected in 8/161 (5.0%) and 42/161 (26.1%) COVID-19 patients, respectively. No significant relationships were found between
Toxoplasma
IgM and IgG results with clinical signs, age, sex, contact with animals, comorbidities, and also the mortality rate of people with COVID-19. These findings showed that acute and latent toxoplasmosis infections are common among patients with COVID-19; however, no significant associations were found between toxoplasma infections and the symptoms of COVID-19. Therefore, toxoplasmosis is not considered a risk factor for COVID-19.
Background
Comorbidity is a current area of interest in multiple sclerosis (MS) and is essential for multidisciplinary management. Although recent studies suggest that patients with MS have an ...elevated risk of developing inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to estimate the overall risk of developing ulcerative colitis (UC), specifically in patients with MS.
Methods
In 2021, a comprehensive literature search was performed on PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science to identify studies investigating the association between UC and MS. The selected papers were utilized to estimate the associations, risk ratios (RRs), and a 95% confidence interval (CI).
Results
The analysis revealed a slightly elevated risk of UC incidence in patients with MS compared to controls, but this finding was not statistically significant (RR: 1.27 95% CI: 0.96–1.67). In contrast, the study found that patients with UC have a significantly higher risk of developing MS than controls (RR: 1.66 95% CI: 1.15–2.40).
Conclusion
Our findings highlight that the presence of UC increases the risk of developing MS by more than 50%, whereas the presence of MS does not increase the risk of UC occurrence. These results underscore the importance of considering the potential development of UC in the clinical management and early diagnosis of patients with MS, as it may contribute to better therapeutic outcomes.
Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) like zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ZCL), is a widespread infectious disease with high mortality and morbidity. Various medications are used for treating the ...disease, but several side effects and drug resistance have been reported. Herbal medicines are unlimited sources for discovering new medications to treat infectious diseases. We aimed to determine the leishmanicidal activity of three species of Iranian
herbal plant extracts in in-vitro.
In-vitro anti-leishmanial activity of ethanolic extracts on both promastigotes and amastigotes was determined by using MTT method. IC50, CC50, EC50 and SI were calculated. The study was done in 2019-2020 in Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
All of the three
species significantly reduced the number of parasite promastigotes. Among them,
had the highest leishmanicidal activity against parasite promastigotes. Cytotoxicity assay elucidated that the
had no toxicity to the host cells, and killed the
amastigotes very efficiently. By increasing the dose of extracts, the parasite number in both phases (promastigotes and amastigotes) was reduced significantly.
These results indicated satisfactory anti-leishmanial activity of
extracts against ZCL in-vitro. Accordingly,
ethanolic extracts might be considered as a strong, effective and safe herbal compound for clearing the
with less toxicity to the host macrophages cells. Hence, it may be recognized as an excellent herbal therapy for treating the ZCL.
Trichomoniasis is a sexually transmitted infectious disease caused by a flagellated protozoa, Trichomonas vaginalis (T.vaginalis) and is often asymptomatic in men. Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) ...and prostate cancer (PCA) are the most common urological diseases in the elderly. Scientists have proposed various factors which trigger prostate cancer, including sexually transmitted diseases. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the potential role of T. vaginalis as a risk factor for various prostate lesions such as hyperplasia and prostate cancer.
A total of 250 paraffin-embedded of different prostate lesion biopsies were analyzed by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) using the beta-tubulin gene for identifying T. vaginalis.
All 250 pathologic specimens were negative for this parasite by using PCR technique.
It seems that T. vaginalis may have not had a causative role for different prostate lesions and it seems proposed PCR technique is an insufficient method to find the parasite in paraffin-embedded tissues. Therefore, other diagnostic techniques to identify the parasite in biopsy samples are suggested.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory skin condition that is more common in females, especially during puberty and menopause. These inflammatory lesions include painful deep-seated ...nodules and abscesses, draining sinus tracts, and fibrotic scars. This article is a narrative review to explain whole disease aspects, including complication, causes, epidemiology, history, classification, prognosis, comorbidities, the effect of sex hormone, and potent treatments. Most patients with HS, who are not aware of their primary disease, visit primary care physicians to superinfection lesions instead of specialists. If these physicians suspect HS, their illness will not get misdiagnosed. This brief and comprehensive information in this article may help doctors to decide better about the same situation.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
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