The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence of dietary supplements usage (types, reasons for usage, sources of information, purchase venues) among elite female football players, using a ...self‐administered questionnaire. The study participants (n = 103) were recruited through team physicians during an official international tournament. Overall, 82% reported using dietary supplements at least once during the last 12 months. The most common dietary supplements were vitamin D (52%), omega‐3 fatty acids (49%), and protein (45%). Primary reasons for dietary supplement use were to stay healthy (66%), to accelerate recovery (58%), and to increase energy/reduce fatigue (54%). Supplement advice came mainly from medical doctors (46%), dietitians/nutritionists (43%), and coaches/fitness coaches (41%). Most dietary supplements were acquired from supplement stores (30%), a sponsor (26%), or drugstores/pharmacies (22%). Elite female football players are frequent dietary supplement users. Further research needs to explore the frequency, dose, and timing of these supplements.
Abstract
Context
In 2005, a nationwide program of iodine prophylaxis on a voluntary basis was implemented in Italy by law. However, recent data on iodine status are lacking.
Objective
The aim of this ...study was to evaluate efficiency, effectiveness, and possible adverse effects (increased occurrence of thyroid autoimmunity and hyperthyroidism) of the Italian iodine prophylaxis program.
Methods
From 2015 to 2019, a nationwide survey was performed. The use of iodized salt was evaluated in a sample of 164 593 adults and in 998 school canteens. A sample of 4233 schoolchildren (aged 11-13 years) was recruited to assess urinary iodine concentration, prevalence of goiter, and thyroid hypoechogenicity on ultrasound, with the latter being an indirect indicator of thyroid autoimmunity. Neonatal TSH values of 197 677 infants screened in regions representative of Northern, Central, and Southern Italy were analyzed to investigate the percentage of TSH values >5.0 mIU/L. Data on methimazole prescriptions were analyzed as indirect indicators of new cases of hyperthyroidism.
Results
The prevalence of the use of iodized salt was 71.5% in adult population and 78% in school canteens. A median urinary iodine concentration of 124 μg/L, a prevalence of goiter of 2.2%, and a prevalence of thyroid hypoechogenicity of 5.7% were observed in schoolchildren. The percentage of neonatal TSH values >5.0 mIU/L resulted still higher (5.1%) than the World Health Organization threshold of 3.0%, whereas the prescriptions of methimazole showed a reduction of 13.5%.
Conclusion
Fifteen years of iodine prophylaxis have led to iodine sufficiency in Italy, although there still is concern about iodine nutritional status during pregnancy.
Background: The treatment of breast cancer (BC) remains a constant and rapidly evolving issue for multidisciplinary breast cancer teams. Considering the emerging understanding and advances in the ...biological course of this disease, new trends in radiotherapy fractionation, systemic therapies, and oncoplastic surgical techniques are revolutionizing adjuvant treatment approaches to BC. Novel challenges are questioning the integration of adjuvant radiotherapy (ART) into the real-world clinical setting.
Methods: PubMed literature search was conducted in order to extract data supporting the role of new trends in breast cancer adjuvant approach according to rising issues in the multidisciplinary team discussion such as sequencing with chemotherapy (CT) plus whole breast hypofractionated radiotherapy (HF-WBRT); the role of ART after neoadjuvant CT (NACT) followed by breast conservative surgery (BCS) in early BC achieving pathological complete remission (pCR); and the integration of ART in immediate autologous breast oncoplastic reconstruction after mastectomy (a-IBR). Furthermore, there are still several concerns about toxicity with adjuvant trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1) or breast re-irradiation after BCS relapse in long-term survivors refusing mastectomy.
Results: Among 40 hits, only 12 studies answered to these issues. Many of them were retrospective studies. Less than 500 patients met the criteria for these issues and several conclusions were found exhaustive.
Conclusion: Few issues seem to have literature solutions, while there are still open questions in regard to these new trends. Novel strategies through prospective or randomized studies and new consensus guidelines are required.
The histone lysine acetyltransferase KAT6B (MYST4, MORF, QKF) is the target of recurrent chromosomal translocations causing hematological malignancies with poor prognosis. Using Kat6b germline ...deletion and overexpression in mice, we determined the role of KAT6B in the hematopoietic system. We found that KAT6B sustained the fetal hematopoietic stem cell pool but did not affect viability or differentiation. KAT6B was essential for normal levels of histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9) acetylation but not for a previously proposed target, H3K23. Compound heterozygosity of Kat6b and the closely related gene, Kat6a, abolished hematopoietic reconstitution after transplantation. KAT6B and KAT6A cooperatively promoted transcription of genes regulating hematopoiesis, including the Hoxa cluster, Pbx1, Meis1, Gata family, Erg, and Flt3. In conclusion, we identified the hematopoietic processes requiring Kat6b and showed that KAT6B and KAT6A synergistically promoted HSC development, function, and transcription. Our findings are pertinent to current clinical trials testing KAT6A/B inhibitors as cancer therapeutics.
•Kat6b gene deletion causes a reduction of the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) pool•Kat6b gene deletion impairs the ability of HSCs to repopulate a transplant recipient•Kat6b gene deletion reduces H3K9 acetylation and expression of HSC genes•Sorted HSCs from Kat6a+/−Kat6b+/− mice lack competitive long-term repopulating capabilities
In this article, Thomas and colleagues show that the histone acetyltransferase KAT6B has an essential role in fetal hematopoietic stem cells. They show that loss of KAT6B results in reduced expression of essential stem cell genes and loss of HSC activity. In addition, they show KAT6B acts together with a related protein KAT6A to regulate gene expression in HSCs.
remains one of the leading causes of infections worldwide and a common cause of bacteraemia. However, studies documenting the epidemiology of
in South America using genomics are scarce. We hereby ...report on the largest genomic epidemiology study to date of both methicillin-resistant
(MRSA) and methicillin-susceptible
(MSSA) in South America, conducted by the StaphNET-SA network. We characterised 404 genomes recovered from a prospective observational study of
bacteraemia in 58 hospitals from Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay between April and October 2019. We show that a minority of
isolates are phenotypically multi-drug resistant (5.2%), but more than a quarter are resistant to macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B (MLSb). MSSA were more genetically diverse than MRSA. Lower rates of associated antimicrobial resistance in community-associated(CA)-MRSA versus hospital-associated (HA)-MRSA were found in association with three
genotypes dominating the MRSA population: CC30-MRSA-IVc-
, CC5-MRSA-IV-
and CC8-MRSA-IVc-
-COMER+. These are historically from a CA origin, carry on average fewer antimicrobial resistance determinants, and often lack key virulence genes. Surprisingly, CC398-MSSA-
related to the CC398 human-associated lineage is widely disseminated throughout the region, and is described here for the first time as the most prevalent MSSA lineage in South America. Moreover, CC398 strains carrying
(largely responsible for the MLSb resistance rates of MSSA strains: inducible iMLSb phenotype) and
(related to triclosan resistance) were recovered from both CA and HA origin. The frequency of MRSA and MSSA lineages differed between countries but the most prevalent
genotypes are high-risk clones widely distributed in the South American region without a clear country-specific phylogeographical structure. Therefore, our findings underline the need for continuous genomic surveillance by regional networks such as StaphNET-SA. This article contains data hosted by Microreact.
In the developing telencephalon, the medial ganglionic eminence (MGE) generates many cortical and virtually all striatal interneurons. While the molecular mechanisms controlling the migration of ...interneurons to the cortex have been extensively studied, very little is known about the nature of the signals that guide interneurons to the striatum. Here we report that the allocation of MGE-derived interneurons in the developing striatum of the mouse relies on a combination of chemoattractive and chemorepulsive activities. Specifically, interneurons migrate toward the striatum in response to Nrg1/ErbB4 chemoattraction, and avoid migrating into the adjacent cortical territories by a repulsive activity mediated by EphB/ephrinB signaling. Our results also suggest that the responsiveness of MGE-derived striatal interneurons to these cues is at least in part controlled by the postmitotic activity of the transcription factor Nkx2-1. This study therefore reveals parallel mechanisms for the migration of MGE-derived interneurons to the striatum and the cerebral cortex.
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