Background: Cardiomyopathies are a group of non-inflammatory conditions of myocardium leading to cardiac dysfunction. This study was conducted to see the presentation and complications of ...cardiomyopathies in children at Dera Ismail Khan. Material & Methods: This descriptive case series was carried out at Department of Paediatrics, DHQ Teaching Hospital, Dera Ismail Khan, from January 2007 to December 2008. All cases admitted with congestive heart failure were investigated. After history and examination, investigations including CXR, ECG and Echocardiography were performed. Other relevant investigations were also performed as and when indicated. Both already and newly diagnosed cases were included in the study. Exclusion criteria were cause of CCF other than cardiomyopathy and/or a normal echocardiography. Data was analyzed for age, sex, presentation, complications, associated conditions, and mortality. Results: Sixty patients were admitted with cardiomyopathy during the study period. All these patients initially presented with congestive cardiac failure. Sixteen (27.6%) of these were being treated as wheezy bronchitis/asthma by local doctors. Commonest type was dilated CMP 54(90%). Other less common types were hypertrophic CMP 4(6.6%) and restrictive CMP 2(3.3%). Common complications included failure to thrive 35(58.3%), mitral regurgitation 8(13.3%), pericardial effusion 7(11.7%), hemiplegia 5(8.4%), pulmonary hypertension 4(6.7%), arrhythmias 2(3.4%), pleural effusion 2(3.4%), infective endocarditis 1(1.1%), shock 1(1.1%) and death 1(1.1%). Conclusion: Commonest presentation of cardiomyopathy is congestive cardiac failure, but repeated wheezy attacks are also common during early stages of the disease. Commonest complications are mitral regurgitation, pericardial effusion, stroke and failure to thrive.
This study aims at investigating preparedness of tutors to effectively use TPACK in the implementation of Associate Degree in Education (ADE) and Bachelors of Education (B.Ed., 4 years) programs in ...an open and distance learning organization. It used the conceptual framework of Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) for collection of empirical data and its analysis. TPACK enables the researchers to conceptualize technology in its relationship with the content of school subjects and the pedagogical issues. Specifically, the study documented the characteristics of the population of tutors participating in the implementation of ADE and B.Ed. programs and assessed strength of relationship between the tutors’ characteristics and their state of preparedness to use TPACK in delivering their courses. The study followed quantitative approach to address the research questions. A survey was conducted in regional centres of Allama Iqbal Open University (AIOU) Islamabad. Sample of the study was 94 tutors from 10 regional centres of AIOU. TPACK preparedness questionnaire was used as instrument to collect data from the participants. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results showed that in content knowledge, technology knowledge science tutors have sufficient knowledge and skills of use of technology integrated with content and various strategies of developing understanding of science. Although tutors’ response was average on the factors of social studies, literacy and pedagogical knowledge. Mean scores of pedagogical content knowledge, technological content knowledge, technological pedagogical knowledge and technology pedagogy content knowledge reveals that tutors have less knowledge about how to choose the technology that enhance the teaching and learning approaches for a lesson. Teacher educators are not as much prepares to select the technologies to use in their classroom that support teaching learning process.
China has identified four areas of cooperation with SAARC namely poverty alleviation, sharing experience and information on disaster relief, human resources development and infrastructure and energy ...secretor. It is already engaged in cooperation with SAARC members in these areas and has enough resources as well as intent to enhance this kind of cooperation, further. These areas are central to achieve the objective of promoting people to people contacts between China and SAARC.
The impact of metacognitive awareness on students’ performance has been examined in the present study. 900 students of grade X participated in the study. Metacognitive awareness was measured using ...inventory, while performance of students was measured with the help of researcher made test in the subject of chemistry. Results indicated that metacognitive awareness was significantly correlated with the performance of students. The highly metacognitively aware science students performed well on the test. Results further indicated that there was no significant difference in the metacognitive awareness of male and female students.
The present article aims to give a critical qualitative review of the situation emerged from wave of terrorism and violence in the country after 9/11 accident. The country has been passing through ...critical situations from the last three decades. Ups and downs came, but the tragic attack on army public school in December 2014 was a turning point in the life of the country. The country leadership announced a national action plan and thus a decisive military operation started in tribal belt of the country. Rehabilitation started in the areas where the operation has completed. It is now high time to initiate a mass campaign to promote peace education in those areas. And distance education has the potential to reach those areas and Allama Iqbal Open University (AIOU) can play a major role. .The study suggested that the instructional materials, FM radio transmission, training capacity, tutors networks with more than one million students of AIOU can also be used for this purpose. This article explored some possible ways through which distance education can be effectively used for promoting peace education in those areas.
As we celebrate 2011 as the year of Pakistan-China friendship, it gives us an important occasion to look back and cherish the evolution of Pak-China relations, which have stood the test of time in ...the real sense of the word. The world has been continuously transforming in many ways since we established our diplomatic relationship 60 years ago. However, in our relations, nothing has changed in terms of mutual understanding, cordiality and friendship. The only change this special relationship has experienced is that it has moved from strength to strength over all these years. And today, especially after the recent visit of Chinese Prime Minister Wen Jiabao, we can proudly claim that Pakistan-China relations are at their highest level yet.
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