Natural killer (NK) cells and dendritic cells (DCs) are two innate immune cells that are critical in regulating innate and adaptive immunity. Cellular functions and migratory responses of NK or DC ...can be further regulated in NK-DC crosstalk that involves multiple cytokine signals and/or direct cell-cell contacts. Semaphorin-3E (Sema-3E) is a member of a large family of Semaphorin proteins that play diverse regulatory functions in different biological systems upon its binding to the cognate receptors. However, possible role(s) of Sema-3E on the regulation of NK-cell functions has not been elucidated. Here, we first demonstrated that DC and NK cells expressed Sema-3E and its receptors, respectively. To formally address the importance of DC-derived Sema-3E in regulating NK-cell migration, we compared
migratory responses of activated NK cells (aNKs) toward different conditioned media of DCs (immature, lipopolysaccharide- or Poly I:C-stimulated) derived from Sema-3E
or Sema-3E
mice. We observed that aNKs exhibited enhanced migrations toward the conditioned medium of the immature Sema-3E
DC, when compared with that of the immature Sema-3E
DC. Addition of exogenous recombinant Sema-3E to the conditioned medium of the Sema-3E
immature DC (iDC) abrogated such enhanced NK-cell migration. Our current work revealed a novel role of Sema-3E in limiting NK-cell migrations toward iDC in NK-DC crosstalk.
•For the first time, we identified the expression of JLP in mouse lymphoid tissues and T lymphocytes.•Scaffold protein JLP is a fundamental component in regulating the CD4+ T cell activation and ...CD154 expression.•JLP played a critical role in regulating CD4+ T cells response to TCR stimulation partly by mediating the activation of TCR initiated Ca2+/NF-AT.
CD4+ T-cell activation and its subsequent induction of CD154 (CD40 ligand, CD40L) expression are pivotal in shaping both the humoral and cellular immune responses. Scaffold protein JLP regulates signal transduction pathways and molecular trafficking inside cells, thus represents a critical component in maintaining cellular functions.
Its role in regulating CD4+ T-cell activation and CD154 expression, however, is unclear. Here, we demonstrated expression of JLP in mouse tissues of lymph nodes, thymus, spleen, and also CD4+ T cells. Using CD4+ T cells from jlp-deficient and jlp-wild-type mice, we demonstrated that JLP-deficiency impaired T-cell proliferation, IL-2 production, and CD154 induction upon TCR stimulations, but had no impacts on the expression of other surface molecules such as CD25, CD69, and TCR. These observed impaired T-cell functions in the jlp-/- CD4+ T cells were associated with defective NF-AT activation and Ca2+ influx, but not the MAPK, NF-κB, as well as AP-1 signaling pathways. Our findings indicated that, for the first time, JLP plays a critical role in regulating CD4+ T cells response to TCR stimulation partly by mediating the activation of TCR-initiated Ca2+/NF-AT.
Assesment of zakat distribution Rahmat, Rahman Saleh; Nurzaman, Mohamad Soleh
International journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern finance and management,
11/2019, Letnik:
12, Številka:
5
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Purpose
This study aims to assess the feasibility of zakat distribution conducted by zakat community development program, one of the BAZNAS programs in Bringinsari village, Sukorejo subdistrict, ...Kendal Regency, Central Java using the zakat village index (IDZ).
Design/methodology/approach
IDZ has five components in measuring the effectiveness of charity for the welfare of the community is the economic dimension, the dimension of education, dimension of health, social dimension of humanity and dimensions of da’wah. The economic dimension consists of four variables, namely, the presence of productive economic activities, trade centers and access to transportation and logistics services and the presence of access to financial institutions.
Findings
Based on IDZ measurement in Bringinsari village, it is found that IDZ of this village is 0.47. It showed that the condition of the village is good enough. As the result of this calculation, Bringinsari village is under consideration to receive zakat funding.
Research limitations/implications
This research will be done in Bringinsari village Sukorejo district, Kendal regency from April 1, 2018 until July 2, 2018.
Practical implications
Based on the result of IDZ result done in Bringinsari Sukorejo district, Kendal regency, it is gained index calculation result for about 0.47. Therefore, the conclusion is drawn that the village deserves to get zakat funding. Economic dimension is still low, 0.32. Therefore, in this case, a motivation to help villagers is needed. The exact program in improving the people in Bringinsari based on priority is economic, health, education program in accordance with IDZ calculation.
Social implications
The welfare measurement of zakat receiver or mustahiq adopts welfare index (CIBEST). CIBEST model combines material and spiritual fulfillment of human needs quadrants. This index is split into four categories, namely, welfare, material poverty, spiritual poverty and absolute poverty (Puskas BAZNAS, 2016).
Originality/value
Based on measurement result that has been obtained, the authors can recommend some program activities to help improving their welfare. There are three dimensions, which IDZ prioritized or considered to be assisted, such as economic dimension, activity program for housewives. If Bringinsari has got an indicator as a good village and the impact is good as well, therefore, it can try to move zakat fund distribution to other villages.
Bali cattle (
Bos javanicus) account for about one quarter of the total cattle population in Indonesia and are particularly important in the smallholder farming enterprises of the eastern islands. ...The population of Bali cattle is declining in most areas of Eastern Indonesia because demand for beef cattle exceeds the local capacity to supply these animals. Indonesian agencies recognise that new strategies are required to improve the productivity of Bali cattle and to address major constraints relating to animal husbandry and nutrition. To date, the adoption of cattle improvement technologies has been historically slow in Indonesia, as is the case elsewhere.
This paper reports on key findings from a long-term study conducted between 2001 and 2009 with smallholder households from six villages in South Sulawesi and Central Lombok, to develop and test an approach for evaluating and increasing the adoption of cattle and forage improvement technologies. The approach is based on the principles of farming systems and participatory research and involved four main steps; (1) benchmarking the current farming system; (2) identifying constraints to cattle production and strategies to address them; (3) desktop modelling of the production and economic impacts of selected strategies; and (4) on-farm testing of the most promising strategies with 30 participant smallholder households.
The approach was found to be successful based on: (1) sustained adoption of a package of best-bet technologies by the 30 participating households; (2) evidence of positive production, social and economic impacts; and (3) significant diffusion of the cattle improvement technologies to other households in the project regions.
Peat soils is renowned for the low mineral-N concentration which is crucial for crop’s growth. One of the effective and conserving method to improve the soil mineral-N concentration is by planting ...leguminous cover crop (LCC) which is common in oil palm plantation area. However, different LCCs was found to release different concentration of mineral-N into the soils. Hence, this study aims to determine the concentration of soil mineral-N in form of soil ammonium-N (NH4+) and soil nitrate-N (NO3-) by different types of LCCs namely Mucuna bracteata, Calopogonium mucunoides, Pueraria javanica and Centrosema pubescens as well as to evaluate the effects on physico-chemical properties of peat soils. Results showed most of the LCCs can survive in acidic peat condition whilst improving the concentration of mineral-N in the soils. Mucuna bracteata was found to release a significant amount of mineral-N into the soils and shows a vigorous growth compared to others during the study period. However, it should be noted that different LCCs required distinct time to fix N since the maturity for different LCCs is different. Hence, prolonged studies on release of mineral N into the soil by LCCs are recommended.
This journal is written to analyze fqh reasoning by illat of law, requirements and implementation in the process of independent reasoning (ijtihad). The writing of this journal refers to the ...explanation of the islamic jurists on analogical reasoning (Qiyas) or the analogy among issues in fqh, specifcally the one which is categorized as rational issues (ma'qul al-ma'na). In conclusion, reasoning in fqh might be conducted by illat of law methodology and requirements in the characteristics, such as clearance and unambiguousity, constant and unchangeable, universal or limitless in law itself.
The Fatwa Commision and the National Sharia Council are two institutions under the central of Indonesian Ulema Council (MUI). Its primary function is to issue fatwa (a binding ruling in religious ...matters) related with the fnance activities or product and sharia fnance service. The mechanism in making fatwa decision in both institutions under the Indonesian Ulame Council have a similarity in the collective Ijtihād (jama’i) by using the Ijtihād methodology such as bayani, ta’lili (qiyasi, istihsani, ilhaqi) and istihlasi. This method is used specially for contemporery matters or the matters are not discussed yet in detail among the mazhab ulame (school of thought concerning muslim law).Keyword : Ijtihād, Fatwa
Al-Qur’ān explains about justice principles of life comprehensively. The justice criterion is all originating in God set, the principles and application form, that Allah swt is very fair and cannot ...be cruel to his servant creation. The justice application in Islam is not the relative problems because the escort is very clear. It can be found application form or rule forms also so that justice upholders just do and follow it. Islam has been decided the justice of men and women differences in worship and social interaction concepts, thus the differences between devoting and infidel people have been decided by justice realization on themselves, so that the intervention of human’s mind to the decision such as justice rule is Limited. The justice is to give someone according to its right. It is also means objective attitude to view and behave something, or to act proportionately. The justice can also mean al-hikmah, that is to put something in a certain place and not pass over the limitation. The justice also means someone’s characteristic keeping himself to do sin as its belief demand. The justice in al-Qur’ān has been developer by some principles, such as equality, honesty, and sincerity.
Keyword : Keadilan, Al-Qur’ān.
The fatwas or fiqh views of scholars in the past were basically born as a reaction to social phenomena that emerged in society. Not only looking at the problems of society in general, but it also ...responded to government’s or the caliph’s policies in their time. Imam Ahmad bin Hambal is one of the great scholars whose school of thought until this day has developed throughout the world. It is undeniable that the socio-political background was the forerunner of the growth and development of the Hambali School to the digital era today. For this reason, the purpose of this study is to determine the social background of the emergence of the Hambali School and the influence or correlation of social life at the time of Imam Ahmad bin Hambal with his views in the field of fiqh and ushul fiqh. The research method that used is qualitative descriptive approach with content analysis techniques and library research. Apart from that, essentially, this research applied historical and theological approaches. The results showed that social background seemed to influence the emergence of the Hambali School, among others; theological disputes, political conditions, and the development of sciences (dirasah Islamiyah) were quite rapid in his time, it indirectly had implications to his views in the field of fiqh and ushul fiqh. The implications of this research indicate that scholars should maintain the social conditions of their society, particularly in applying the syar'i> propositions, so that the fiqh opinions of Allah ﷻ scholar should not be seen only from a pure discussion of its syar'i> propositions.
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