Despite their crucial role in health and disease, our knowledge of immune cells within human tissues remains limited. We surveyed the immune compartment of 16 tissues from 12 adult donors by ...single-cell RNA sequencing and VDJ sequencing generating a dataset of ~360,000 cells. To systematically resolve immune cell heterogeneity across tissues, we developed CellTypist, a machine learning tool for rapid and precise cell type annotation. Using this approach, combined with detailed curation, we determined the tissue distribution of finely phenotyped immune cell types, revealing hitherto unappreciated tissue-specific features and clonal architecture of T and B cells. Our multitissue approach lays the foundation for identifying highly resolved immune cell types by leveraging a common reference dataset, tissue-integrated expression analysis, and antigen receptor sequencing.
•PET particles were used as an alternative aggregate against erosion caused by sulfuric acid in concrete.•Concretes included PET particles more retain their load bearing capacity under sulfuric acid ...attack.•Under sulfuric acid attack, changes in crushing load are nearly similar to ultrasonic wave velocities.•Concretes included PET particles are able to utilize in environments under sulfuric acid attack.
PET (Polyethylene Terephthalate) is one of the most common plastics for various productions. The rapid increase in the use of these products causes increment in solid waste problems. Eventually, management and prevention of solid waste resulted by urban and industrial waste are dramatically important. On the other hand, deterioration of sewage purification structures, part of industrial structures and concrete sewer pipes attacked by sulfuric acid is an important issue of the world that has communicated with substantial financial need in all countries. Thus, not so many researches has been investigated the effect of sulfuric acid erosion on concrete containing PET particles, this study represents the laboratory investigation of different values of 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15% of PET particles as an alternative aggregate on erosion caused by sulfuric acid in concrete. All samples were cured during 28days, 3 samples from each mix design were tested, finally. In intervals of 15, 30, and 60days of immersion in 5% sulfuric acid, 3 specimens were taken out from sulfuric acid solution. Then, after drying these specimens and measuring their dimensions, crushing load, weight and ultrasonic wave velocity values were obtained. The results showed that by increasing in amount of PET particles as an alternative aggregates in concrete, there is less reduction in values of crushing load, weight loss and ultrasonic wave velocity. Also, it could be seen that ratios of crushing load reduction to weight loss for specimens attacked by 5% sulfuric acid solution were increased by increasing in percentage of PET particles, which illustrates that in a particular range of crushing load, less weight loss was occurred in concretes included more PET particles.
•Fracture parameters of SCC were obtained using two different methods.•With increase of coarse aggregate volume, fracture toughness increases.•Size effect method can predict the peak load with a good ...precision for SCC beams.•SCC ductility increases with increase of coarse aggregate volume.
This paper presents the effect of volume of coarse aggregate on fracture characteristics of self- compacting concrete (SCC). Based on an experimental programme, a series of three point bending tests were carried out on 58 notched beams. SCC was prepared with coarse aggregate in varying percentages of 30%, 40%, 50% and 60% (as the percentage of the total aggregate volume). For all mixes, the fracture parameters were analyzed by the work-of- fracture method (WFM) and by the size effect method (SEM) to obtain a suitable correlation between these methods which is used to calibrate fracture numerical models. The results showed that with decrease of volume of coarse aggregate from 60% to 30% in SCC, (a): fracture energies of GF in WFM and Gf in SEM strongly decrease which may be explained by the change in fractal dimensions, (b); based on size effect plot, behavior SCC specimens approaches linear elastic fracture mechanic (LEFM) criterion, (c): SCC ductility, measured by means of characteristic length (Lch) in WFM and fracture process zone length (Cf) in SEM, significantly decreases, (d): the brittleness number is approximately tripled.
The aim of the present work is to investigate a generalization of well-posedness for a class of split hemivariational inequalities. Also, some equivalent formulation of split hemivariational ...inequalities are obtained under different monotonicity conditions. Moreover, some metric characterization are given for them.
•Fracture properties of RCCP were obtained using three different methods.•Results showed with decrease of WC ratio the fracture energy increases.•Results showed with decrease of WC ratio the fracture ...toughness increases.•Results showed RCCP ductility increases with increase of WC ratio.
Roller compacted concrete (RCC) is a zero-slump concrete that has been extensively used in road pavements. This concrete has been considered, due to its economic and environmental potentials, including reduced construction and maintenance costs and greater environmental compatibility. A unique feature of the Roller Compacted Concrete Pavement (RCCP) is its low water-to-concrete (WC) ratio. Hence, RCCP is sensitive to the water content, compared to conventional concrete. This paper conducts an experimental studies on the effect of different ratios of WC on the fracture parameters of RCCP. For this purpose, three-point bending tests were performed on 162 notched beams and mechanical properties tests (compressive strength (fc), tensile strength (ft) and modulus of elasticity (E)) were performed on 54 specimens with different WC ratios (0.3to0.55). For all mixtures, the fracture parameters were determined using three methods: work of fracture method (WFM), size effect method (SEM), and boundary effect method (BEM). The results indicate a significant effect of WC ratio on RCCP fracture parameters, specifically, by decreasing w/c ratio from 0.55to0.3 it was observed that; (A) The initial fracture energy (Gf) and the total fracture energy (GF) increase in all three methods as a power function on fc; (B) The fracture toughness (KIC) increases linearly in SEM and BEM methods; (C) The characteristic length (Lch) in WFM, the effective length of the fracture process zone (Cf) in SEM, and the reference crack length (ductility index) (a∞∗) in BEM are decreased. The results also show that there is a relationship between GF measured by WFM method, and the Gf measured by SEM and BEM methods (GF≅2.43Gf(SEM), GF≅2.61Gf(BEM)).
The BCL2-inhibitor, Venetoclax (VEN), has shown significant anti-leukemic efficacy in combination with the DNMT-inhibitor, Azacytidine (AZA). To explore the mechanisms underlying the selective ...sensitivity of mutant leukemia cells to VEN and AZA, we used cell-based isogenic models containing a common leukemia-associated mutation in the epigenetic regulator ASXL1. KBM5 cells with CRISPR/Cas9-mediated correction of the ASXL1
mutation showed reduced leukemic growth, increased myeloid differentiation, and decreased HOXA and BCL2 gene expression in vitro compared to uncorrected KBM5 cells. Increased expression of the anti-apoptotic gene, BCL2, was also observed in bone marrow CD34+ cells from ASXL1 mutant MDS patients compared to CD34+ cells from wild-type MDS cases. ATAC-sequencing demonstrated open chromatin at the BCL2 promoter in the ASXL1 mutant KBM5 cells. BH3 profiling demonstrated increased dependence of mutant cells on BCL2. Upon treatment with VEN, mutant cells demonstrated increased growth inhibition. In addition, genome-wide methylome analysis of primary MDS samples and isogenic cell lines demonstrated increased gene-body methylation in ASXL1 mutant cells, with consequently increased sensitivity to AZA. These data mechanistically link the common leukemia-associated mutation ASXL1 to enhanced sensitivity to VEN and AZA via epigenetic upregulation of BCL2 expression and widespread alterations in DNA methylation.
•The effect of w/c ratio and powder content on mechanical properties were studied.•With increase of limestone powder, the compressive and tensile strengths increase.•In lower w/c, limestone powder ...increases the compressive strength more noticeably.•w/c ratio has greater effect on tensile and compressive strengths than E-modulus.
Self compacting concrete (SCC), as an innovative construction material in concrete industry, offers a safer and more productive construction process due to favorable rheological performance which is caused by SCC’s different mixture composition. This difference may have remarkable influence on the mechanical behavior of SCC as compared to normal vibrated concrete (NVC) in hardened state. Therefore, it is vital to know whether the use of all assumptions and relations that have been formulated for NVC in current design codes are also valid for SCC. Furthermore, this study presents an extensive evaluation and comparison between mechanical properties of SCC using current international codes and predictive equations proposed by other researchers. Thus, in this experimental study, key mechanical properties of SCC are investigated for sixteen SCC mixes with different w/c ratios and different powder contents. In the present study, an extensive data reported by many researchers for SCC and NVC has been used to validate the obtained results.
The impact of the encapsulation technology on the oxidative stability of fish-oil-loaded capsules was investigated. The capsules (ca. 13 wt% oil load) were produced via monoaxial or coaxial ...electrospraying and spray-drying using low molecular weight carbohydrates as encapsulating agents (e.g., glucose syrup or maltodextrin). The use of spray-drying technology resulted in larger capsules with higher encapsulation efficiency (EE > 84%), whilst the use of electrospraying produced encapsulates in the sub-micron scale with poorer retention properties (EE < 72%). The coaxially electrosprayed capsules had the lowest EE values (EE = 53-59%), resulting in the lowest oxidative stability, although the lipid oxidation was significantly reduced by increasing the content of pullulan in the shell solution. The emulsion-based encapsulates (spray-dried and monoaxially electrosprayed capsules) presented high oxidative stability during storage, as confirmed by the low concentration of selected volatiles (e.g., (E,E)-2,4-heptadienal). Nonetheless, the monoaxially electrosprayed capsules were the most oxidized after production due to the emulsification process and the longer processing time.
The influence of the carbohydrate-based wall matrix (glucose syrup, GS, and maltodextrin, MD21) and the storage temperature (4 °C or 25 °C) on the oxidative stability of microencapsulated fish oil ...was studied. The microcapsules (ca. 13 wt% oil load) were produced by spray-drying emulsions stabilized with whey protein hydrolysate (WPH), achieving high encapsulation efficiencies (>97%). Both encapsulating materials showed an increase in the oxidation rate with the storage temperature. The GS-based microcapsules presented the highest oxidative stability regardless of the storage temperature with a peroxide value (PV) of 3.49 ± 0.25 meq O
/kg oil and a content of 1-penten-3-ol of 48.06 ± 9.57 ng/g oil after six weeks of storage at 4 °C. Moreover, low-fat mayonnaise enriched with GS-based microcapsules loaded with fish oil and containing WPH as a film-forming material (M-GS) presented higher oxidative stability after one month of storage when compared to low-fat mayonnaise enriched with either a 5 wt% fish oil-in-water emulsion stabilized with WPH or neat fish oil. This was attributed to a higher protective effect of the carbohydrate wall once the microcapsules were incorporated into the mayonnaise matrix.
PDF
