In this paper, we investigate whether the symbolic and ordinary powers of a binomial edge ideal
J
G
are equal. We show that the equality
J
G
t
=
J
G
(
t
)
holds for every
t
≥
1
when
|
Ass
(
J
G
)
|
=
...2
. Moreover, if
G
is a caterpillar tree, then one has the same equality. Finally, we characterize the generalized caterpillar graphs which the equality of symbolic and ordinary powers of
J
G
occurs.
Capacitated Minimum Spanning Tree Problem (CMSTP), a well-known combinatorial optimization problem, holds the central place in telecommunication network design. This problem involves finding a ...minimum cost spanning tree with an extra cardinality limitation on the orders of the subtrees incident to a certain root node. The Balanced Capacitated Minimum Spanning Tree Problem (BCMSTP) is a special case that aims to balance the orders of the subtrees. This problem is an NP-hard one and presents two approximation algorithms in this paper. By considering the maximum order of the subtrees Q, a (3 - 1/Q)-approximation algorithm was provided to find a balanced solution. This result was improved to a (2.5 + ε) approximation algorithm (for every given ε > 0) in the 2d-Euclidean spaces. Also, a Polynomial Time Approximation Scheme (PTAS) was presented for CMSTP.
ObjectivesDespite extensive research on endometrial cancer (EC) and endometrial hyperplasia, there is still a gap in understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying their development and ...progression. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression levels of FOXO-1, P27Kip1, miR-27, and miR-186, and Akt1, Akt-P proteins in patients with EC and endometrial hyperplasia compared to control subjects.Subjects and methodsSamples of the endometrial tumor (n=30), normal (control) (n=30) and endometrial hyperplastic (n=30) tissue were obtained from patients referring to Arash and Imam Khomani hospitals, Tehran, Iran. Expression levels of genes and microRNAs were evaluated by qRT- PCR. Western blot analysis was applied for protein evaluation. The data were analyzed using t-test, Mann -Whitney U, Pearson correlation coefficient analysis, ANCOVA and ANOVA.ResultsThere was significant decrease in FOXO-1 in EC tissue compared to control tissue (p<0.05). Significant increase was observed in expression of miR-27 in patients with EC (p<0.001) and hyperplasia (p<0.01), whereas miR-186 expression level increased significantly only in patients with EC (p<0.05). P27Kip1 expression level did not significantly change in patients with EC and hyperplasia. There was a significant association between expression levels of miR-27 with FOXO-1 and P27Kip1 in patients with EC. Western blot analysis revealed higher endometrial AKT1-P protein levels in patients with EC and hyperplasia than control subjects (p<0.05).ConclusionsOur findings suggest that FOXO-1, miR-27, miR-186, and Akt1-P/Akt1 protein have the potential to serve as tissue biomarkers for early diagnosis, prognosis, and progression of EC in the human reproductive system.
Let (R, ) be a local ring and I an ideal. The aim of the present paper is twofold. At first we continue the investigation to compare fgrade(I,R) with depth R∕I and further we derive some results on ...the vanishing of Lyubeznik numbers.
This study was carried out to investigate the effects of starvation and feeding regimes on growth performance, haematological and biochemical parameters of blood and body composition of Caspian brown ...trout parr. For this purpose, 900 fish (average weight: 12.5±1 g) were stocked in 300-l tanks (18 tanks at a stocking rate of 50 fish in each tank) using an open system. Six experimental groups composed of feeding and starvation regimes were considered for the experiment as follows: FFF (Six weeks feeding), SSS (Six weeks starvation), SFS (Two weeks starvation + two weeks feeding + two weeks starvation), FSF (Two weeks feeding + two weeks starvation + two weeks feeding), FS (Three weeks feeding+three weeks starvation), and SF (Three weeks starvation + three weeks feeding). According to results obtained, the growth rate (GR), special growth rate (SGR), condition factor (K) and hepatosomatic index (HSI) decreased as the length of starvation periods increased (p<0.05). The haemoglobin content and haematocrit did not seem to be affected by starvation (p>0.05) while the highest values of red blood cells (RBCs) and white blood cells (WBCs) were observed in the SSS group (p<0.05). Also, the lower values of MCH (haemoglobin concentration in one RBC) and MCV (mean volume of one RBC) were observed in the SSS group (p<0.05). The lipid content of body tissue decreased with increased length of the starvation period (p<0.05), wherase the total protein, ash and moisture showed no differences between the experimental groups (p>0.05). In conclusion, our results showed that starvation has significant physiological and morphological effects on Caspian brown trout parr.
Objectives
Oral health problems are a global concern particularly among underprivileged groups. This study aimed to use TTM model to assess the flossing behaviour and its determinants among students ...in a suburb area and compare the flossing behaviour between boys and girls using TTM.
Methods
Cluster sampling was employed to recruit 653 high school students from eight schools in Tehran suburban area, Iran. Two self‐administrated questionnaires: (i) stage of change questionnaire and (ii) TTM constructs questionnaire including demographic features, decisional balance (perceived benefits and barriers), self‐efficacy and process of change were used to assess the flossing behaviour and its psychological determinants. The statistical analysis of the data included Kruskal–Wallis test, t‐test, anova, Spearman correlation and binary logistic regression using SPSS ver15 software.
Results
In this study, 301 (46.1%) and 352 (53.9%) of participants were women and men, respectively. Nearly half of the students (51.4%) were in precontemplation stage with the rest distributed among the other stages of flossing behaviour change. There was no statistically significant difference between genders regarding the stages of change (P < 0.05). Flossing behaviour is related to TTM constructs such as self‐efficacy, perceived benefits, low perceived barriers and process of changes.
Conclusion
According to the results of this study, TTM is useful in determining the stages of interdental cleaning behaviour among students. However, further interventional researches are suggested to support the potential for eventual use of the TTM as a framework for understanding the determinants of interdental cleaning behaviour.
We study numerical semigroups generated by generalized arithmetic sequences. We present a membership criterion for such a numerical semigroup, and by this we are able to answer fundamental questions ...concerning a numerical semigroup such as computing the Frobenius number and the type of the numerical semigroup, and decide whether the numercial semigroup is symmetric. Also for this kind of numerical semigroups, we compute the cardinality of a minimal presentation and determine whether they are complete intersections.
Introduction and objectives There are some different ideas about family dynamics -particularly schizophrenic, major depressive and bipolar mood disorders- in psychiatric patient's family. Aims The ...aim of this study was to consider therapeutic purposes in Iranian patients. Methods 90 randomly selected patients with schizophrenic, major depressive and bipolar mood disorders plus a member of their families - 90 people in 3 groups- who were referred to psychiatric hospitals were evaluated by Iranian version of Family Assessment Device (FAD). Statistical analysis was done at the end. Results schizophrenic and bipolar patients who had more negative family functioning were compared with depressed patients. Family members of depressed patients had more negative family functioning compared with family members of schizophrenic and bipolar patients. Family members of schizophrenic and depressed patients had more impaired family functioning in comparison with patients. Conclusions More negative perception in schizophrenic patients may be related to the nature of illness and their suspiciousness. Due to negative believes in depressed patients they ascribe family problems to themselves. In general, members of these 3 groups of disorders had more pathologic and more negative functioning compared with patients. That could be the result of presence of ill member and tense interactions in these families.
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