Introduction: There is a wealth of literature on closed Achilles tendon injuries but open-lacerations are rarely reported. We aimed to assess the frequency of open Achilles tendon laceration in ...Bhutanese patients with a particular emphasis on age and sex distribution, mechanism of injury, and management provided to these patients.
Methods: Retrospective study was conducted at department of orthopedic surgery, Jigme Dorji Wangchuck National Referral Hospital (JDWNRH), Thimphu. All patients treated at JDWNRH for open-laceration of Achilles tendon between January 2018 to December 2020 were included. Data were analyzed for means and frequencies using SPSS software.
Results: Of the 48 cases involved, 36 (75%) cases were male and 12 (25%) cases were female. The most affected age groups were between 21-60 years (70.8%). Majority of the cases inflicted injury following slip in squat-toilet (85.4%).Thirty-eight (79.2%) cases had a complete-laceration of the tendon and the remaining cases (20.8 %) had a partial-laceration. All patients underwent operative-irrigation, debridement and primary-repair. Complications occurred in 9 patients (18.8%), including seven early wound infection and two late infections.
Conclusions: Open Achilles tendon laceration is not an uncommon entity in developing country like Bhutan where the squat toilet is still being used regularly. Changing the toilet designs to commode-type and installing proper lighting in toilet would significantly reduce the incidence of open injury. Although management can be challenging due to irregular nature of the wound and inherent contamination present, a good outcome can be achieved with early-irrigation, debridement, surgical repair and the administration of intravenous antibiotics.
BACKGROUND: The global outbreak of SARS-CoV2, initially affecting few individuals in Wuhan city of China, is now devastating millions of lives. Among all, students face substantial challenges, mainly ...in academic losses due to the imposed lockdown that may be detrimental to their mental well-being. Our study aimed to identify the anxiety levels among university students undergoing training in various disciplines. METHODS: It was a cross-sectional study. General Anxiety Disorder-7 scale within a semi-structured questionnaire was used to assess students' anxiety levels about their academic loss. RESULTS: A total of 507 students from India participated in the survey. Eventually, the prevalence of students experiencing anxiety was significantly high, and approximately 25% of the students reported moderate to severe anxiety levels. This emphasizes the need for psychological support to the students through various means to develop innovative solutions to handle the crisis. CONCLUSION: Moreover, the lowest prevalence of anxiety among healthcare sciences students leads us to conclude that this population is well prepared mentally and hence should be the first choice of the future resort if the need arises to aid the current healthcare workforce.
Context:
Pain management intraoperatively and postoperatively in the pediatric age group is a matter of concern. On the one hand, children are poorer at precisely conveying the extent of pain all the ...while being more susceptible to pain-related complications such as laryngospasm. On the other hand, children are less suited to use of potent opioids due to associated complications which can often lead to catastrophe. Therefore, a multimodal approach is desirable to optimize pain management in children. A nerve block is a highly effective and popular modality nowadays. In this single-blinded, parallel group, monocentric, and randomized protocol study, we have compared the efficacy of pain control achieved in the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs as analgesic versus iliohypogastric ilioinguinal (IIIH) nerve block in herniotomy in pediatric age group.
Materials and Method:
The parallel-group prospective study recruited 104 participants who were randomly allocated into two groups of 52 each, such that both groups received 1 mcg/kg fentanyl and sevoflurane during induction of GA. For analgesia, Group 2 was given diclofenac suppository intraoperative after induction of GA. Group 1 was given IIIH nerve block under nerve stimulator guidance for perioperative analgesia. Both groups were studied for the following parameters which included: time to get the 1
st
dose of rescue analgesic, total dose of rescue analgesic, visual analog scale (VAS) score, and hemodynamic parameters.
Results:
We observed that Group 1 showed a statistically significant difference in the form of longer duration of analgesia after surgery (9.67 ± 1.80 h vs. 6.35 ± 0.84 h) and lower total dose of rescue analgesic requirement (69.23 ± 2 22.77 vs. 106.23 ± 2 21.49) while having a better hemodynamic profile and lower cumulative VAS score (7.71 ± 1.39 vs. 12.04 ± 1.72).
Conclusion:
Based on the above findings, we deduce that preincisional nerve stimulator-guided IIIH block by levobupivacaine (0.25%, 0.3 ml/kg) and rectal diclofenac (2 mg/kg) is both safe approaches to provide postoperative analgesia in pediatric inguinal herniotomy under general anesthesia. However, nerve stimulator-guided IIIH nerve block by levobupivacaine is a safe and better choice as it provides more intense analgesia for a longer duration compared to diclofenac suppository in the immediate postoperative period.
Background: Sensitive media reporting has an important role in suicide
prevention. However, there is no research on the quality of media reporting of suicide in
newspapers of Uttar Pradesh (UP), ...India. Aim: The present study aimed to
assess the quality of newspaper reports of suicide against the World Health Organization
(WHO) reporting guidelines. Method: Suicide news content of four
purposively selected newspapers published between March 1, 2019 and February 29, 2020,
were scrutinized. A total of 501 news reports from UP were included.
Results: The most commonly reported attribute was the gender of the
deceased and the method of suicide. Almost half of the newspapers reported the occupation
of the deceased in the title. Mental illness was attributed as a cause of suicide among
23.75% of the news reports. Less than 2% of the news reports referred to expert opinion,
research evidence, national or global statistics on suicide, suicide prevention measures,
or information about suicide helpline. There was a significant difference in the quality
of reporting between the vernacular newspapers and English dailies.
Limitations: Only four online newspapers were analyzed retrospectively.
Conclusion: The quality of media reporting of suicide in UP is found to
be poor despite its negative effect on suicide.
•Restrictions during lockdown impacted the suicide demographics in India and Bangladesh.•From pre-lockdown to lockdown period, there is increased preference of suicide by hanging than other modes of ...suicide.•Suicide of males predominate in terms of their proportion during the lockdown period in India than Bangladesh.•During the COVID-19 lockdown, suicide risk among house wives and unemployed people are high.
The economic and social devastation wrought by the COVID-19 crisiscoupled with the unavailability of traditional coping resources is a “perfect storm” for suicide. Evidence suggests that its impact may be disproportionately high in low-and-middle-income countries. The study aimed to assess and compare nature and correlates of suicidesfrom news reportsduring the immediate pre-lockdown and lockdown phase of COVID-19 in Bangladesh and India. We performed analysis of suicide reports from purposively selected online vernacular and English newspapers of Bangladesh and two states/union territory in India, between January to June 2020. We divided the time period of observation into two phases: pre-lockdown and lockdown phase. Country wise findings between the two phases were compared in terms of demographic and characteristics of the reported suicide.
A total of 769 news reports wereanalysed; 141 from Bangladesh and 628 from India. When compared to the pre-lockdown period, the odds of suicide by hanging was significantly higher during lockdownin India (adjusted Odds Ratios aOR = 3.8, p = 0.018) and Bangladesh (aOR = 3.1, p = 0.048). Suicide demographics in India were different from Bangladesh during lockdown; more males died by suicide in India (aOR = 2.7, p = 0.023) and more people died by hanging (aOR = 2.6, p = 0.029). The pandemic restrictions impacted suicide demographics in the studied regions of India and Bangladesh. Further research using population-based time-series data are warranted to investigate the issue.
Home-stay: Assessment in Lwang Ghalel Thapaliya, Mandira; Rai, Ganga Sagar; Shrestha, Abhash ...
Nepal Tourism and Development Review,
01/2013, Letnik:
2, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Home-stay tourism is a community-based programme introduced by the Government of Nepal, where tourists can have interaction and direct experience of the day-to-day life of the community. The concept ...of home-stay addresses the theme of eco-tourism in Nepal. The programme’s preliminary positive impact on women, local economy, environment, children and the community shows the effectiveness of the home-stay approach. This approach preserves the rural lifestyle, culture and identity. A growing number of locals are operating the home-stay programme, offering tourists a window into their local culture in areas without hotels. This paper briefly outlines the findings of a field research on the different aspects of home-stay tourism in Wards 2 and 3 of Lwang Ghalel Village Development Committee in Kaski district1. The study includes aspects which both help promote as well as adversely affect the operation of home-stay in the study area. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ntdr.v2i1.7382 Nepal Tourism and Development Review Vol.2(1) 2012 105-140
Abstract
The conversion of NIR light into visible light has been studied in Ho
3+
/Yb
3+
/Bi
3+
co-doped ZnGa
2
O
4
phosphor for the first time. The crystallinity and particles size of the phosphor ...increase through Bi
3+
doping. The absorption characteristics of Ho
3+
, Yb
3+
and Bi
3+
ions are identified by the UV–vis-NIR measurements. The Ho
3+
doped phosphor produces intense green upconversion (UC) emission under 980 nm excitations. The emission intensity ~ excitation power density plots show contribution of two photons for the UC emissions. The UC intensity of green emission is weak in the Ho
3+
doped phosphor, which enhances upto 128 and 228 times through co-doping of Yb
3+
and Yb
3+
/Bi
3+
ions, respectively. The relative and absolute temperature sensing sensitivities of Ho
3+
/Yb
3+
/5Bi
3+
co-doped ZnGa
2
O
4
phosphor are calculated to be 13.6 × 10
−4
and 14.3 × 10
−4
K
−1
, respectively. The variation in concentration of Bi
3+
ion and power density produces excellent color tunability from green to red via yellow regions. The CCT also varies with concentration of Bi
3+
ion and power density from cool to warm light. The color purity of phosphor is achieved to 98.6% through Bi
3+
doping. Therefore, the Ho
3+
/Yb
3+
/Bi
3+
:ZnGa
2
O
4
phosphors can be suitable for UC-based color tunable devices, green light emitting diodes and temperature sensing.
To mitigate the effects of COVID-19, a vaccine is urgently needed. BBV152 is a whole-virion inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine formulated with a toll-like receptor 7/8 agonist molecule adsorbed to alum ...(Algel-IMDG) or alum (Algel).
We did a double-blind, multicentre, randomised, controlled phase 1 trial to assess the safety and immunogenicity of BBV152 at 11 hospitals across India. Healthy adults aged 18–55 years who were deemed healthy by the investigator were eligible. Individuals with positive SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid and/or serology tests were excluded. Participants were randomly assigned to receive either one of three vaccine formulations (3 μg with Algel-IMDG, 6 μg with Algel-IMDG, or 6 μg with Algel) or an Algel only control vaccine group. Block randomisation was done with a web response platform. Participants and investigators were masked to treatment group allocation. Two intramuscular doses of vaccines were administered on day 0 (the day of randomisation) and day 14. Primary outcomes were solicited local and systemic reactogenicity events at 2 h and 7 days after vaccination and throughout the full study duration, including serious adverse events. Secondary outcome was seroconversion (at least four-fold increase from baseline) based on wild-type virus neutralisation. Cell-mediated responses were evaluated by intracellular staining and ELISpot. The trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04471519).
Between July 13 and 30, 2020, 827 participants were screened, of whom 375 were enrolled. Among the enrolled participants, 100 each were randomly assigned to the three vaccine groups, and 75 were randomly assigned to the control group (Algel only). After both doses, solicited local and systemic adverse reactions were reported by 17 (17%; 95% CI 10·5–26·1) participants in the 3 μg with Algel-IMDG group, 21 (21%; 13·8–30·5) in the 6 μg with Algel-IMDG group, 14 (14%; 8·1–22·7) in the 6 μg with Algel group, and ten (10%; 6·9–23·6) in the Algel-only group. The most common solicited adverse events were injection site pain (17 5% of 375 participants), headache (13 3%), fatigue (11 3%), fever (nine 2%), and nausea or vomiting (seven 2%). All solicited adverse events were mild (43 69% of 62) or moderate (19 31%) and were more frequent after the first dose. One serious adverse event of viral pneumonitis was reported in the 6 μg with Algel group, unrelated to the vaccine. Seroconversion rates (%) were 87·9, 91·9, and 82·8 in the 3 μg with Algel-IMDG, 6 μg with Algel-IMDG, and 6 μg with Algel groups, respectively. CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses were detected in a subset of 16 participants from both Algel-IMDG groups.
BBV152 led to tolerable safety outcomes and enhanced immune responses. Both Algel-IMDG formulations were selected for phase 2 immunogenicity trials. Further efficacy trials are warranted.
Bharat Biotech International.
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