The problem of cosmic ray mass composition is considered in the context of its current state and prospects for achieving progress in the nearest future due to improving data quality of ground-based ...Extensive Air Shower arrays of different scales. The theoretically motivated approach based on scaling description of electron and muon lateral distributions measured with surface detectors with nearly 100
duty cycle is discussed as a tool for robust mass composition estimation within a single method in a broad primary energy range applicable for different experiments taking into account their upcoming upgrades.
The results of a complex approach to the study of sensitivity of spatial distributions of electron and muon components of extensive air showers (EAS), measured by scintillation detectors, to ...variations in the temperature profile of the atmosphere are presented. To describe the lateral dependence of the spatial distribution function (SDF) of electrons in electron–photon cascades (EPC) and the SDF of muons of EAS, the method of the adjoint equations and also the variational theory of sensitivity, developed by the authors, were used. Spatial distributions of electron and muon components of EAS, as well as the corresponding differential temperature coefficients, were simulated by Monte Carlo methods. To assess the effect of variations in the temperature profile of the atmosphere on the spatial distribution of particles satellite monitoring of main parameters of the system ‘‘atmosphere–underlying surface’’ was carried out at locations of Yakutsk complex EAS array and TAIGA observatory. As a result, coefficients of differential sensitivity of spatial distributions of electrons and muons to variations in the temperature profile of the atmosphere were obtained for the first time. Corrective function that relates the energy release in scintillation detectors of various thicknesses with the electrons’ density above the detector at various distances from the shower axis were established. Based on the obtained data, a method for correcting the EAS detectors’ readings in view of the temperature effect has been developed. It is shown that changes in SDFs of the EAS electromagnetic component due to variations in the atmospheric temperature profile in one annual cycle of operation can exceed 10
.
A new scenario of the formation of observed ultrahigh-energy cosmic-ray electron/positron and nuclei spectra is discussed within a nonclassical (superdiffusion) model of particle propagation in ...highly inhomogeneous interstellar and intergalactic media. It is shown that the proposed scenario provides a consistent description of data from highly precise satellite measurements, ground-based hybrid EAS arrays, and Cherenkov telescopes using the spectra of leptons and nuclei, and the mass composition of cosmic rays in the super- and ultrahigh ranges of energy.
Recent balloon-borne and satellite experiments have established new features in the behavior of the spectra of cosmic rays. An analysis of all the data showed that hardening of most abundant primary ...cosmic ray nuclei spectra with increasing rigidity is observed in > 200 GV region. At the same time, rigidity dependences of secondary cosmic rays are distinctly different. The AMS-02 data show that above 200 GV the secondary cosmic rays Li, Be, B harden more than the primary He, C, O. In this paper we discuss a new scenario that self-consistently describes these new features of the cosmic ray spectra. We demonstrate that the measured by the AMS-02 changes in the slope of the cosmic ray spectra caused by the transition from the contribution of multiple distant Galactic sources, including the nuclear interactions of the particles accelerated by these sources with an interstellar medium during their wandering in the Galaxy, to the contribution of mainly local ones. We also found that the spectral universality is observed at rigidity R > 105 GV.
In November 2020, the IceCube Neutrino Observatory registered a neutrino event with an energy of 150 TeV directed at the Cygnus Cocoon gamma-ray source. In the Carpet-2 experiment, as part of the ...Baksan Neutrino Observatory (BNO), a sharp increase in the flow of events with an energy above 300 TeV was recorded from the same direction within the angular accuracy of the events. This flux is 4 orders of magnitude higher than the expected intensity of gamma quanta of this energy region according to data in the region of less than 100 TeV. It was expected that such a powerful flare could be registered by the TAIGA-HiSCORE installation of the TAIGA astrophysical complex. We analyzed the events of the EAS recorded by the installation of TAIGA-HiSCORE for 18 h in October–November 2020 from the Cygnus Cocoon source. This article provides the upper limit of the expected excess flow.
The status of the TAIGA experiment (Tunka Advanced Instrument for cosmic-ray physics and Gamma-ray Astronomy) located in the Tunka Valley is presented. The paper presents mainly the tasks, developed ...approaches for their solution, and first results on high-energy gamma-ray astronomy (10 TeV and higher) obtained from a two- to three-year exposure. The current tasks of gamma-ray astronomy and plans for development of the installation are discussed.
The current status of the equipment development for the new wide-angle gamma-ray imaging air Cherenkov telescope for TAIGA hybrid installation is presented. A front-end electronic and data ...acquisition system board based on the Zynq family Xilinx FPGA chips specially designed for this project have been produced and are being tested. A detailed description if presented for internal structure of the four main subsystems: four 8-channel 100 MHz ADCs, board’s control system, internal clock and synchronization system and the power supply system. Additionally, the current status of a small scale prototype telescope SIT consisting of 49 SiPM is presented. The telescope includes a digital camera for observing the stars and weather condition. The SIT-HiSCORE synchronization systems and the telemetry information collection had been tested.
On the basis of the scaling approach and CORSIKA simulations data the radial scale factor of the lateral distribution of electrons in extensive air showers is confirmed as a potentially effective ...primary mass estimator, and its sensitivity to hadronic interaction model is investigated. It is shown that improved composition results both on average and event-by-event basis can be achieved taking into account the universality property of air shower development expressed by the relation between the radial scale factor and the longitudinal age parameter. The enhancements of such a theoretically motivated tool for an unbiased cosmic ray composition deduction in a wide primary energy range for current and future (multi-)hybrid air shower measurements are discussed.
The TAIGA complex-detector is designed to study gamma and cosmic rays in the energy range above 30 TeV. We are developing a novel wide-angle imaging air Cherenkov telescope with a SiPM based camera ...with a field of view of 15–20ˆ and an aperture of around 1 m2. In this report we present the design of the telescope imaging camera (optical and data acquisition systems), based on 1000–1200 SiPMs. The prototype of such camera, based on 49 SiPMs, is operating at the TAIGA's site in the Tunka valley since September 2019. The design of the prototype and the preliminary results of data analysis is presented.
Abstract
The TAIGA astroparticle observatory is progressing with the
deployment of new detector stations. The Tunka-Grande —
scintillation counter array of the observatory expands with the new
...TAIGA-Muon stations. Several simulation studies were conducted for
optimisation of the new station positioning and
performance. Extensive air showers induced by gamma quanta or a
proton in the range from 100 TeV to 1 PeV at a zenith angle of 0°
were used for these studies. Based on the developed simulation, the
capabilities of identification of high energy extensive air showers
were studied. The soil thickness, the detector and station
positions, the lowest measurable energy range of the cosmic rays,
and different methods of air shower identification were
investigated.
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