In present digital era, multimedia like images, text, documents and videos plays a vital role, therefore due to increase in usage of digital data; there comes high demand of security. Encryption is a ...technique used to secure and protect the images from unfair means. In cryptography, chaotic maps play an important role in forming strong and effective encryption algorithm. In this paper 3D chaotic logistic map with DNA encoding is used for confusion and diffusion of image pixels. Additionally, three symmetric keys are used to initialize 3D chaos logistic map, which makes the encryption algorithm strong. The symmetric keys used are 32 bit ASCII key, Chebyshev chaotic key and prime key. The algorithm first applies 3D non-linear logistic chaotic map with three symmetric keys in order to generate initial conditions. These conditions are then used in image row and column permutation to create randomness in pixels. The third chaotic sequence generated by 3D map is used to generate key image. Diffusion of these random pixels are done using DNA encoding; further XOR logical operation is applied between DNA encoded input image and key image. Analysis parameters like NPCR, UACI, entropy, histogram, chi-square test and correlation are calculated for proposed algorithm and also compared with different existing encryption methods.
In current scenario, speaker recognition under noisy condition is the major challenging task in the area of speech processing. Due to noise environment there is a significant degradation in the ...system performance. The major aim of the proposed work is to identify the speaker’s under clean and noise background using limited dataset. In this paper, we proposed a multitaper based Mel frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCC) and power normalization cepstral coefficients (PNCC) techniques with fusion strategies. Here, we used MFCC and PNCC techniques with different multitapers to extract the desired features from the obtained speech samples. Then, cepstral mean and variance normalization (CMVN) and Feature warping (FW) are the two techniques applied to normalize the obtained features from both the techniques. Furthermore, as a system model low dimension i-vector model is used and also different fusion score strategies like mean, maximum, weighted sum, cumulative and concatenated fusion techniques are utilized. Finally extreme learning machine (ELM) is used for classification in order to increase the system identification accuracy (SIA) intern which is having a single layer feedforward neural network with less complexity and time consuming compared to other neural networks. TIMIT and SITW 2016 are the two different databases are used to evaluate the proposed system under limited data of these databases. Both clean and noisy backgrounds conditions are used to check the SIA.
The Tonga volcano eruption of 15 January 2022 unleashed a variety of atmospheric perturbations, coinciding with the recovery-phase of a geomagnetic storm. The ensuing thermospheric variations created ...rare display of extreme poleward-expanding conjugate plasma bubbles seen in the rate of total electron content index over 100–150°E, reaching ∼40°N geographic latitude. This is associated with fluctuations in FORMOSAT-7/COSMIC-2 (F7/C2) ion-density measurements and spread-F in ionograms. Preceding to this, an unusually strong pre-reversal enhancement (PRE) occurred in the global ionospheric specification (GIS) electron density profiles derived from F7/C2 observations. The GIS also revealed a decrease of equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA) crest density due to the storm impact. Reduced E-region conductivity by volcano-induced waves and enhanced F-region wind, further accelerated by reduced ion-drag over the EIA, apparently intensified the PRE.
Accompanied with the strong PRE, volcano-induced seed perturbations triggered the super plasma bubble activity.
The Hydrogen and Fluorine planar armchairs graphene nanoribbons (H
&
F AGNRs), subjected to twist deformation within fixed periodic boundary conditions. H-AGNRs is highly elastic in nature, though ...passivation with Fluorine does induce the plasticity when twisted beyond threshold torsional strain. This plasticity attributes to the wider bond length distribution suggests distortion of benzo-rings. The bandgap response to the effective strain of narrow GNRs
N
=
6
,
7
, and 8 get arranged as (
i
) monotonously increasing for
q
=
0
,
2
and (
ii
) decreasing for
q
=
1
; here,
q
=
m
o
d
N
,
3
in effective strain space
(
θ
2
Σ
2
)
. The effective strain space is found to be more appropriate for gauging the response of torsional strain. This trend has also been observed for Fluorine passivated AGNRs; however, because of higher sensitive response to torsional strain, the bandgap of
N
=
7 F-AGNRs drops from
E
g
≃
0.95
eV
to
E
g
≃
0.05
eV
at extreme torsional strain forming Dirac cone at
±
K
allows dissipationless transport to charge carriers of high kinetic energy at low bias.
Graphic abstract
•The designed cocoa been extractor consists of hopper, metal rollers, chute, rotating cylindrical strainers, frame, prime mover, and pulleys.•The roller speed, cocoa pod size and inclination angle of ...strainer were optimized by box-behnken design (BBD) and artificial neural network (ANN) for breaking cocoa pods and separations of beans.•During optimization of machine performance ANN represents better prediction of experimental data over BBD.•The optimized cocoa beans extractor has a maximum capacity, efficiency and low energy requirement.
Breaking the cocoa pod and extracting the beans is a strenuous and laborious task; hence an attempt was made to design and optimize a mechanized continuous cocoa beans extractor. Cocoa fruit was fed manually into a breaker unit through the hopper. The tangential force of the roller pushed the cocoa pod towards the gap resulted in breakage. The strainer attached with pod breaker separate the cocoa kernels from cocoa pod and placenta. The developed machine was tested and the parameters have been optimized by using box-behnken design (BBD) and artificial neural network (ANN). The input variables of bod breaker were roller speed (260, 360, and 460 rpm), cocoa pod size (140, 160, and 180 mm) and inclination angle of strainer (40, 45, and 50°) and out put variables involving capacity, machine efficiency, energy requirement, shelling efficiency, beans separation efficiency, and bean damage percentage.. The coefficient of determination (R2) of BBD ranged between 0.95 and 0.99, and the sum of squared error (SSE) ranged between 8.38 and 158.3, Whereas the R2 of ANN ranged between 0.94 and 0.99, and mean squared error (MSE) ranged between 0.0013 and 0.0074. This indicates ANN design superior performance over BBD. The performance parameters of 360 rpm roller speed, 160 mm pod size and 45° inclination angle were determined as optimum conditions to obtain maximum capacity (626.8 kg/h), machine efficiency (96.78%), shelling efficiency (96.3%), beans separation efficiency (86.42%), and low energy requirement (10.54 kJ) with less beans damage percentage (<1%).
The variability of clinical course and prognosis of COVID-19 highlights the necessity of patient sub-group risk stratification based on clinical data. In this study, clinical data from a cohort of ...Indian COVID-19 hospitalized patients is used to develop risk stratification and mortality prediction models. We analyzed a set of 70 clinical parameters including physiological and hematological for developing machine learning models to identify biomarkers. We also compared the Indian and Wuhan cohort, and analyzed the role of steroids. A bootstrap averaged ensemble of Bayesian networks was also learned to construct an explainable model for discovering actionable influences on mortality and days to outcome. We discovered blood parameters, diabetes, co-morbidity and SpO2 levels as important risk stratification features, whereas mortality prediction is dependent only on blood parameters. XGboost and logistic regression model yielded the best performance on risk stratification and mortality prediction, respectively (AUC score 0.83, AUC score 0.92). Blood coagulation parameters (ferritin, D-Dimer and INR), immune and inflammation parameters IL6, LDH and Neutrophil (%) are common features for both risk and mortality prediction. Compared with Wuhan patients, Indian patients with extreme blood parameters indicated higher survival rate. Analyses of medications suggest that a higher proportion of survivors and mild patients who were administered steroids had extreme neutrophil and lymphocyte percentages. The ensemble averaged Bayesian network structure revealed serum ferritin to be the most important predictor for mortality and Vitamin D to influence severity independent of days to outcome. The findings are important for effective triage during strains on healthcare infrastructure.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Abdominal obesity (AO) is linked to reduced health status and mortality. While it is known that AO is prevalent in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AO-COPD), the specific metabolic and ...functional consequences associated with AO-COPD remain understudied.
We studied 199 older adults with COPD and 168 control subjects with and without AO and assessed visceral adipose tissue (VAT) by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. VAT > 70th percentile of the control group qualified a subject as AO in a sex specific manner. We measured plasma concentrations and whole body production (WBP) rates of multiple amino acids to assess the metabolic profile. We assessed medical history, body composition by Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry, muscle strength, and cognitive function. We performed statistics by analysis of covariance (p) and FDR (q) for multiple comparisons.
AO-COPD subjects had 27% more VAT (q < 0.01) than AO-Control subjects despite correction for BMI. Branched-chain amino acid concentrations and WBP rates were generally elevated in AO-COPD but whole body clearance rate was only elevated in COPD. Metabolic syndrome comorbidities (p < 0.01) and systemic inflammation (P < 0.05) were most prevalent in the AO-COPD group. Muscle strength was reduced in COPD subjects (p < 0.001), but partially preserved when combined with AO. Cognitive dysfunction and mood disturbances were present in COPD subjects (p < 0.001) with worst performers in AO-COPD (q < 0.05).
The presence of AO is associated with specific metabolic and functional phenotypes in COPD. Clinical trial registry Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov. In the present paper, we report an analysis of the baseline measurements of COPD subjects and healthy controls from the study numbers: NCT01787682, NCT01787682, NCT02157844, NCT02082418, NCT02065141, NCT02770092, NCT02908425, NCT03159390, NCT02780219, NCT03327181, NCT03796455, NCT04928872, NCT04461236, NCT01173354, NCT01154400.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VSZLJ
This study focuses on the post-1990s Anti-Coca-Cola movement that emerged in the village of Plachimada, which is located in the Perumatty panchayat in the state of Kerala, India. Taking the larger ...neoliberal context into account, this article examines how the advent of global capital destructed the “local,” and the ways in which it has been reconfigured, giving rise to the Anti-Coca-Cola movement. Various conceptions of the “local” have been constructed within the movement and they have been examined using discourse analysis. This article argues that the “local” is not a pre-given concept; rather, it can be used in an antagonistic as well as collaborative manner with the “global.”
A novel 6,8-dichloro 1,2,4triazolo 3,4-
b 1,3benzoxazole-3(2
H)-thione
4 and its derivatives
5a and
5b are synthesized from 5,7-dichloro-2-hydrazinyl-1,3-benzoxazole
3, obtained by reaction of ...hydrazine hydrate with ethyl (5,7-dichloro-1,3-benzoxazol-2-yl)sulfanylacetate
2. The newly synthesized compounds are characterized by analytical
1H NMR,
13C NMR, LC-MS mass spectrometry and elemental analysis. All synthesized compounds are screened for
in vitro antioxidant and anthelmintic activities. In correlation to anthelmintic activity, compounds are subjected to molecular docking studies for the binding to β-Tubulin, target protein elite to the parasites.
Compounds
3,
4 and
5a exhibited potential radical scavenging capacity with good anthelmintic activity. In molecular docking study also, compounds showed minimum binding energy and have good affinity toward the active pocket thus, they may be considered as good inhibitor of β-Tubulin.
Series of novel dichloro substituted benzoxazole-triazolo-thione derivatives were synthesized and screened for their
in vitro antioxidant, anthelmintic activity and molecular docking studies with β-Tubulin.
Display omitted
► Helminths infections are medical and public health problem both in humans and domestic animals. ► Anthelmintic drugs shows activity by binding selectively to β-Tubulin of nematodes and fluke. ► β-Tubulin is a protein subunit of microtubule and target protein elite to the parasites. ► All compounds are subjected to molecular docking studies to predict of β-Tubulin inhibition.
Spoofing attack detection is one of the essential components in automatic speaker verification (ASV) systems. The success of\ ASV-2015 shows a great perspective by detecting the voice conversion and ...speech synthesis spoofs. However, the researchers address fewer replay attack spoof detection systems, and non-professional impersonators most likely use the replay attacks. This paper detects replay attacks on the ASV system using the ASVspoof-2017-v2.0 corpus. This work is mainly partitioned into two parts. The first part shows the significance of Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) and Hilbert Spectrum (HS) to detect the replay attack detection by extracting the instantaneous frequency (IF) and instantaneous energies (IE) from frequency components of the speech signal to differentiate the characteristics of genuine and spoof speech, then it given to rectangular filter cepstral coefficients (RFCC) to obtain the desired set of features to detect whether the given speech sample is genuine or spoof. In the second part, a new score-level fusion system is proposed to increase the system performance. Along with the proposed stand-alone method, Constant-Q cepstral coefficients (CQCC) and All-Pole Group Delay Function (APGDF) methods are used to extract the magnitude and phase features set, respectively. The proposed stand-alone and score-level fusion method improves performance accuracy than other state-of-art techniques.
