Neurotuberculosis (neuroTB) is a devastating disease, and is difficult to diagnose. The aim of this study was to analyze the clinical and imaging characteristics, and outcomes of a retrospective ...cohort (2000-2022) of hospitalized patients diagnosed with intraspinal and intracranial neuroTB. This work was designed through clinical, laboratory and imaging findings. Variables included: demographic data, history of tuberculosis, neurological complications, comorbidities and outcomes. Morbi-mortality risk factors were identified by univariate analysis. The cohort included: 103 patients with intraspinal and 82 with intracranial neuroTB. During the study period, in-hospital mortality of 3% for intraspinal and 29.6% for intracranial neuroTB was estimated. Motor deficit was found in all patients with intraspinal neuroTB. Risk factors for the unfavorable outcome of patients with intraspinal neuroTB were: age ≥ 40 years, diabetes mellitus (DM), diagnostic delay, kyphosis and spondylodiscitis ≥ 3 levels of involvement. Among the patients with intracranial neuroTB, 79/82 (96.3%) had meningitis and 22 patients had HIV infection (10 of them died). Risk factors for mortality from intracranial neuroTB were: HIV infection, hydrocephalus, stroke, lymphopenia and disseminated and gastrointestinal TB. Patients with intraspinal neuroTB had a significant number of destroyed vertebrae that determined their neurological deficit status. The mortality burden in intracranial neuroTB was conditioned by HIV infection and renal transplantation patients.
Mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial disease (MSMD) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by impaired immunity against intracellular pathogens, such as mycobacteria, attenuated
Mycobacterium ...bovis
-Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccine strains, and environmental mycobacteria in otherwise healthy individuals. Retrospective study reviewed the clinical, immunological, and genetic characteristics of patients with MSMD in Mexico. Overall, 22 patients diagnosed with MSMD from 2006 to 2021 were enrolled: 14 males (64%) and eight females. After BCG vaccination, 12 patients (70%) developed BCG infection. Furthermore, 6 (22%) patients developed bacterial infections mainly caused by
Salmonella
, as what is described next in the text is fungal infections, particularly Histoplasma. Seven patients died of disseminated BCG disease. Thirteen different pathogenic variants were identified in
IL12RB1
(
n
= 13),
IFNGR1
(
n
= 3), and
IFNGR2
(
n
= 1) genes. Interleukin-12Rβ1 deficiency is the leading cause of MSMD in our cohort. Morbidity and mortality were primarily due to BCG infection.
Upper respiratory tract is the primary site of SARS-CoV-2 replication. Releasing of pro and anti-inflammatory mediators plays an important role in the immunopathogenesis of Coronavirus Disease 2019 ...(COVID-19). The aim of this study was to evaluate the early inflammatory response in upper airway by measuring of IFN-γ, TGF-β1 and RANTES at mRNA level. Forty five SARS-CoV-2 infected patients were enrolled, whose were divided in two groups: asymptomatic and symptomatic. Twenty healthy persons, SARS-CoV-2 negative were included as controls. Higher IFN-γ expression was detected in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients in comparison with controls (p = 0.0393). IFN-γ expression was increased in symptomatic patients (p = 0.0405). TGF-β1 and RANTES expressions were lower in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients than controls (p < 0.0001; p = 0.0011, respectively). A significant correlation between IFN-γ and TGF-β1 was observed in SARS-CoV-2 asymptomatic patients (r = +0.61, p = 0.0014). The findings suggest that imbalance between IFN-γ and TGF-β1 expression could be an impact in clinical expression of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
•Up-regulation of IFN-γ expression in upper airway may determinate pathogenesis of COVID-19•De novo gene expression of TGF-β1 and RANTES is arrested at early stage of infection•Correlation IFN-γ:TGF-β1 could influence early clinical expression of SARS-CoV-2 infection•RANTES-dependent recruitment of immune cells decreases in initial phase of SARS-CoV-2 infection
•We developed a technique for extracting phenolic compounds for quantification.•The technique was applied to goat, cow, sheep and human milk.•The technique was validated, and it can be used in ...routine analyses of milk.•The variability of TPCs among species and among members of the same species is high.
Milk protects the health of newborns because it contains essential compounds that perform metabolic activities. Despite these benefits, the study of phenolic compounds in milk has been poorly explored. The objective of this study was to develop and validate a technique for extracting total phenolic compounds (TPCs) from a milk matrix and then analyzing them using the Folin–Ciocalteu method. The extraction technique was applied to goat milk and involved the addition of methanol, acetonitrile, and Carrez I and II reagents, after which protein was separated from fat through centrifugation. Subsequently, the technique was applied to goat (69.03±6.23mg GAE/L), cow (49.00±10.77mg GAE/L), sheep (167.6±58.77mg GAE/L) and human milk (82.45±12.3mg GAE/L). The technique showed an acceptable linearity (R2=0.9998), limit of detection (6.03mg GAE/L) and quantification (16.2mg GAE/L), repeatability (RSD=4%), reproducibility (RSD=6.8%) and recovery (>85.41%); it is thus effective and can be used in the routine analysis of milk. TPCs obtained from each type of milk indicate a high variability among species and among members of the same species.
To establish the current situation of antimicrobial resistance and antibiotic consumption in Mexican hospitals.
Antimicrobial susceptibility data from blood and urine isolates were collected. Defined ...daily dose (DDD) of antibiotic consumption/100 occupied beds (OBD) was calculated.
Study period: 2016 and 2017. Of 4 382 blood isolates, E. coli and K. pneumoniae were most frequently reported, with antimicrobial resistance >30% for most drugs tested, only for carbapenems and amikacin resistance were <20%. A. baumannii had antimicrobial resistance >20% to all drugs. Resistance to oxacillin in S. aureus was 20%. From 12 151 urine isolates, 90% corresponded to E. coli; resistance to ciprofloxacin, cephalosporins and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole was >50%, with good susceptibility to nitrofurantoin, amikacin and carbapenems. Global median antimicrobial consumption was 57.2 DDD/100 OB.
s. This report shows a high antimicrobial resistance level in Gram-negative bacilli and provides an insight into the seriousness of the problem of antibiotic consumption.
Tropical coastal lagoon environments provide a number of ecosystem services, but are threatened by the pressure imposed by human activities and climatic change; these systems are particularly ...vulnerable because of a high demographic growth. Therefore, the understanding of their ecological behavior and the characterization of lagoon health indicators have attained importance. Under this perspective Mexican (UAM-X) and French (UMRs MIO and MARBEC) researchers have collaborated from 2011 to 2014 as part of one action of the international exchange program ECOS/ANUIES, and chose the Sontecomapan lagoon (at the Mexican state of Veracruz) as a case study. This book provides information of the ecological behavior, water quality indicators, and details of microorganisms and plankton, which due to their short life cycles and their high reactivity to environmental conditions are good.
Se analizaron los factores de riesgo ambiental y su impacto en la mortalidad por insuficiencia renal crónica (IRC) en el estado de Tlaxcala. El estudio fue transversal-analítico, se obtuvieron ...registros de mortalidad por (IRC) del periodo 2012-2013, sitios potencialmente contaminantes y metales pesados en tres fuentes de información. Se observó que el municipio más afectado por mortalidad fue el Carmen Tequexquitla con una tasa de mortalidad de 45.54 por 100,000 habitantes. El municipio con más sitios potencialmente contaminantes fue Huamantla, ubicado en la región oriente. Hubo correlación entre Arsénico y mortalidad por (IRC) con una diferencia significativa de p≤ 0.05. Entre los riesgos ambientales y mortalidad hubo significancia de p≤ 0.05. La asociación entre estas variables corroboró que la presencia de factores de riesgo ambiental, influyen en la mortalidad por (IRC), principalmente en los municipios localizados en la región oriente del estado.
•The genotoxic and cytotoxic potential of two ethyl-carbamates proposed as new ixodicides was evaluated.•Ethyl-carbamates increased the frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes.•The ...ethyl-carbamates have cytostatic effects in human lymphocytes.
The mammalian erythrocyte micronucleus test was used on the peripheral blood of Wistar rats exposed to two new ethyl-carbamates: ethyl-4-bromophenyl-carbamate (LQM 919) and ethyl-4-chlorophenyl-carbamate (LQM 996) to analyze their genotoxic potential. The mitotic index and cell proliferation kinetics in human lymphocyte cultures in the presence of these ethyl-carbamates were used to evaluate cytotoxicity and cytostaticity respectively. Exposure to greater acute doses (300mg/kg) and to all of the subchronic doses (12.5, 25 and 50mg/kg daily for 90 days) of these ethyl-carbamates induced an increased frequency (p<0.05) of micro-nucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MN-PCE) compared with rats not exposed to the ethyl-carbamates. Increases in MN-PCE was higher in males than in females exposed to LQM 996 50mg/Kg (p<0.05). All observed changes in rats return 21days after suspending ethyl-carbamate exposure. The highest concentration (0.3mM) of both ethyl-carbamates in lymphocyte cultures increased the percentage of cells in first division metaphase and decreased the percentage of cells in third division metaphase, indicating an increase in cell cycle length or a possible cell cycle arrest in metaphase (cytostatic effect). The results of this study show that the evaluated ethyl-carbamates may induce genotoxic damage in rats and alterations in the human lymphocyte cell cycle.
In recent years, a progressive increase in the incidence of invasive fungal infections (IFIs) caused by Candida glabrata has been observed. The objective of this literature review was to study the ...epidemiology, drug resistance, and virulence factors associated with the C. glabrata complex. For this purpose, a systematic review (January 2001–February 2021) was conducted on the PubMed, Scielo, and Cochrane search engines with the following terms: “C. glabrata complex (C. glabrata sensu stricto, C. nivariensis, C. bracarensis)” associated with “pathogenicity” or “epidemiology” or “antibiotics resistance” or “virulence factors” with language restrictions of English and Spanish. One hundred and ninety-nine articles were found during the search. Various mechanisms of drug resistance to azoles, polyenes, and echinocandins were found for the C. glabrata complex, depending on the geographical region. Among the mechanisms found are the overexpression of drug transporters, gene mutations that alter thermotolerance, the generation of hypervirulence due to increased adhesion factors, and modifications in vital enzymes that produce cell wall proteins that prevent the activity of drugs designed for its inhibition. In addition, it was observed that the C. glabrata complex has virulence factors such as the production of proteases, phospholipases, and hemolysins, and the formation of biofilms that allows the complex to evade the host immune response and generate fungal resistance. Because of this, the C. glabrata complex possesses a perfect pathogenetic combination for the invasion of the immunocompromised host.
El cultivo de vid se ha expandido a nivel mundial en años recientes. En México, el interés por mejorar los sistemas de producción en esta especie es signi cativo. En particular, cuando además de ...aumentar el rendimiento se mejora la calidad del fruto al incrementar su contenido de antioxidantes. El retardante de crecimiento prohexadiona Ca (P-Ca) mejora la producción y calidad de frutos. Se aplicó P- Ca a un viñedo del cultivar Shiraz durante el ciclo 2014. Se aplicaron los siguientes tratamientos: 0 (agua-testigo), 100, 200 y 300 mg L-1 de la hormona P-Ca, por medio de la asperción en dos ocasiones. La primera se realizó en oración y la segunda, dos semanas después. Durante la cosecha, se evaluaron peso, tamaño y calidad de fruto; rendimiento; así como número y peso de racimos. El rendimiento por planta fue superior en la mayoría de los tratamientos con P-Ca; en donde, la dosis con 300 mg L-1 aumentó en un 53%. Los análisis químicos del fruto mostraron que la P-Ca a 300 mg L-1 aplicado en dos ocasiones aumentó un 42% el contenido de polifenoles totales. El contenido de antocianinas se incrementó en un 68% con P-Ca a 200 mg L-1; en tanto que los niveles de procianidinas totales re ejaron incrementos substanciales con P-Ca destacando el tratamiento con 300 mg L-1 que aumentó un 98% el contenido de procianidinas en comparación con el testigo.
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