Climatic niche models for invasive plants are usually constructed with occurrence records taken from literature and collections. Because these data neither discriminate among life-cycle stages of ...plants (adult or juvenile) nor the origin of individuals (naturally established or man-planted), the resulting models may mispredict the distribution ranges of these species. We propose that more accurate predictions could be obtained by modelling climatic niches with data of naturally established individuals, particularly with occurrence records of juvenile plants because this would restrict the predictions of models to those sites where climatic conditions allow the recruitment of the species. To test this proposal, we focused on the Peruvian peppertree (Schinus molle), a South American species that has largely invaded Mexico. Three climatic niche models were constructed for this species using high-resolution dataset gathered in the field. The first model included all occurrence records, irrespective of the life-cycle stage or origin of peppertrees (generalized niche model). The second model only included occurrence records of naturally established mature individuals (adult niche model), while the third model was constructed with occurrence records of naturally established juvenile plants (regeneration niche model). When models were compared, the generalized climatic niche model predicted the presence of peppertrees in sites located farther beyond the climatic thresholds that naturally established individuals can tolerate, suggesting that human activities influence the distribution of this invasive species. The adult and regeneration climatic niche models concurred in their predictions about the distribution of peppertrees, suggesting that naturally established adult trees only occur in sites where climatic conditions allow the recruitment of juvenile stages. These results support the proposal that climatic niches of invasive plants should be modelled with data of naturally established individuals because this improves the accuracy of predictions about their distribution ranges.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Se documenta la diversidad de aves en la Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza campus II, Ciudad de México, entre 1998 y 2006. Se llevaron a cabo registros visuales y auditivos de aves mediante el ...método de trayectos sin estimar distancia. La riqueza avifaunística fue de 58 especies pertenecientes a 47 géneros y 25 familias. Del total de especies registradas, 36 fueron residentes y 22 migratorias. Las áreas verdes en las zonas urbanas proporcionan zonas de refugio, anidación, alimentación y descanso, tanto para las especies de aves residentes como migratorias. La generación de estudios avifaunísticos en áreas urbanas es importante porque ayuda a comprender las presiones generadas por las actividades antropogénicas sobre comunidades de aves.
Reportamos un evento de depredación el 13 de enero de 2018 de una lagartija espinosa de cabeza roja (Sceloporus pyrocephalus) por un carpintero enmascarado (Melanerpes chrysogenys) en un bosque ...tropical caducifolio en el volcán Gordo, al suroeste del Estado de México. Dicho evento consistió en la observación de un individuo de M. chrysogenys posado en un árbol sujetando con el pico a un individuo de S. pyrocephalus. Melanerpes chrysogenys se alimenta de insectos y de frutos; sin embargo, no se ha reportado que esta especie consume vertebrados. Aunque existen algunos reportes de depredación de reptiles por otro Piciformes, este registro representa el primer caso documentado de depredación de lagartijas para esta especie en México.
En este trabajo se presenta la historia, situación actual y perspectivas de la Colección Ornitológica del Museo de Zoología de la Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, UNAM, formalizada en 1996. ...La colección cuenta con un total de 781 ejemplares que pertenecen a 201 especies, 41 familias y 12 órdenes. Las especies de la colección representan el 19.10% de las 1,052 especies registradas para México. Las familias mejor representadas en número de especies son Tyrannidae (26 especies), Parulidae (21), Emberizidae (19) y Trochilidae (16). Los estados mejor representados en cuanto a número de ejemplares y de especies son Puebla, Hidalgo, Morelos y Estado de México. Se anexa información sobre los proyectos de investigación terminados y en desarrollo que usan material de la colección. Se presenta una lista de las especies con número de ejemplares.
Future climate change will have severe impacts on the geographic distribution of species, likely leading to shifts in their suitable habitat and eventually to the extinction of some species whose ...distribution areas are restricted. However, some species may respond differently to climate change. In this study we model the current and future potential habitats of three
Juniperus
species with different population trends:
J. jaliscana
,
J. monticola
and
J. pinchotii
. Occurrence records were collected across their distribution, combined with environmental and topographical variables to generate a MaxEnt model of the potential distributions in the years 2050 and 2070. The most important environmental variables were precipitation of wettest quarter for
J. jaliscana
, maximum temperature of warmest month for
J. monticola
, and mean temperature of coldest quarter for
J. pinchotii
. Our results showed that the habitat suitability of these three
Juniperus
species decreased overall by more than 50% under the climate change scenarios. These findings contributed to a better understanding of the impacts of climate change on ecological distribution of these species and could inform decisions regarding to their conservation, and management, and sustainable use strategies, as well as to implement active ex situ conservation strategies.
Aim
To assess the representativeness values of Mesoamerican endemic birds within the current network of protected areas (PAs) to determine high‐priority and complementary conservation areas to ...maximize the long‐term protection of species.
Location
From central Mexico to southern Panama.
Methods
We selected 180 bird species that are geographically restricted to Mesoamerica and estimated their potential ranges using species distribution models. Then, using two different removal rules in ZONATION software, we assessed the species’ representativeness levels within the current PA network. We also defined forest remnants that could be used to strategically expand PAs (to reach Aichi biodiversity targets) and maximize the species protection, explicitly considering anthropic pressures.
Results
Current PAs cover ~13% of the land area of Mesoamerica, representing an average of ~19% of the total potential distribution for the endemic bird species considered. We also observed that there is <30% overlap between current PAs and the priority areas we define. Our prioritization analyses showed that strategically increasing protection coverage to 17%, as stipulated in the Aichi targets, would substantially increase the representativeness values of PAs (regardless of the removal rule used) and would increase the range by >35% for all species and >29% for threatened species. The consensus priority conservation areas identified were mainly distributed in Costa Rica (~48%), Mexico (~28%), and Panama (~10%).
Main conclusions
Consistent with the global picture, Mesoamerican PAs showed low representativeness of their vulnerable endemic avifauna; therefore, well‐informed decisions to guide conservation strategies are imperative. We provide insights about where future conservation efforts should focus to accomplish a representative and well‐connected regional PA network.
The regeneration niche concept states that plant species only occur in habitats where the environmental conditions allow their recruitment. This study focuses on this concept and proposes a novel ...approach for modelling and experimentally validating the distribution of suitable habitats for the recruitment of invasive plants under the current and future climate. The biological invasion of the Peruvian peppertree (Schinus molle) in Mexico is used as practical example. The values of eight bioclimatic variables associated to sites in which young, naturally established seedlings and saplings were detected were used to model the current distribution of recruitment habitats. A machine-learning algorithm of maximum entropy (MaxEnt) was used to calibrate the model and its output indicated the distribution of occurrence probabilities of young peppertrees in Mexico under the current climate. This model was projected on climate change scenarios predicted for the middle of this century, which indicated that the cover of suitable recruitment habitats for this invasive species will shrink. To validate these predictions, field experiments were performed at three sites where the model predicted reduced occurrence probabilities of young peppertrees. In these experiments, emergence and survival rates of peppertree seedlings were assessed under the current climate and under simulated climate change conditions. As seedling emergence and survival rates were lower under simulated climate change conditions, the experiments validated the model predictions. These results supported our proposal, which combines modelling and experimental approaches to make accurate and valid predictions about the distribution of suitable recruitment habitats for invasive plants in a warmer and drier world.
Display omitted
•The regeneration niche is a key concept to predict the distribution of invasive plants.•Species distribution models must be calibrated with data of seedlings and saplings.•Model extrapolations on climate change scenarios must be validated with field experiments.•Combining modelling and experiments leads to better predictions of species distributions.
Global climate change (GCC) is one of the most critical threats to biodiversity. We assessed how it might disrupt the spatio-temporal diversity dimensions of avifauna associated with endangered ...Neotropical seasonally dry forests (NSDF). We used ecological niche modeling estimating the geographic distributions of 151 highly vulnerable bird species (including swifts, hummingbirds, woodpeckers, and parrots) under current and future climate projections (2050s and 2070s). Then, using traditional metrics of beta-diversity for Sorensen’s index, we assessed how GCC could drive alterations in both alpha and beta taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional (through birdsong frequencies and acoustic diversity) diversity for bird assemblages across the distribution of NSDF and within current protected areas. Likewise, we estimated the relationship between the expected changes in diversity dimensions with elevation, annual temperature, and precipitation seasonality across the NSDF distribution. Under GCC, we observed a general reduction for spatial taxonomic-richness of birds across the NSDF (−7.24 ± 6.69 spp. 2050s and − 9.40 ± 7.58 spp. 2070s), which also implies a general reduction for alpha phylogenetic and functional (except for the acoustic space) diversities by grid-cell. We also observed changes in the potential composition of communities (increasing, on average, the dissimilarity between sites) through space and time. Our results also suggest a biotic heterogenization for NSDF bird assemblages and that protected areas are not exempt from suffering such changes in biodiversity organization. Changes in spatio-temporal diversities were related to high temperatures and low rainfall across lowlands. Our results could inform new land-use planning and beta diversity conservation efforts in NSDF.
This study reports an occurrence of Eurasian Wigeon (Mareca penelope) at Lago de Guadalupe in Cuautitlán Izcalli, State of Mexico. In January, February, and March 2021, we documented one individual ...foraging and swimming. Our observation is the first record of this species in central Mexico, 650 km southwest of the closest prior record in Mexico. We concluded that the Eurasion Wigeon individual probably migrated with American Wigeon (Mareca americana) individuals.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
El desarrollo urbano y agrícola representan una amenaza latente para la biodiversidad; sin embargo, zonas como los campus universitarios pueden disminuir el impacto negativo de la urbanización y ...agricultura al consolidarse como sitios de refugio. El presente estudio da a conocer la diversidad de aves presente en la Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México campus El Cerrillo en Toluca de Lerdo, Estado de México. Se obtuvo un total de 120 registros de aves pertenecientes a 16 órdenes y 45 familias. La familia Parulidae presentó la mayor riqueza con 12, la familia Anatidae con 10 especies y Emberizidae con 10 especies. La mayor riqueza de especies fueron aves terrestres (95 especies), y el resto fueron especies con hábitos acuáticos y subacuáticos (25 especies). Se encuentran presentes cinco especies categorizadas en estatus de vulnerabilidad o endémicas. La diversidad de aves hallada en el campus sugiere que estas áreas representan una fuente importante de recursos como alimento, sitios de paso o zonas de anidación, atractivos para las poblaciones de aves residentes y migratorias que habitan en la región.
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