The genus Rhinella (Bufonidae) comprises 92 species of Neotropical toads. In Colombia, Rhinella is represented by 22 recognized species, of which nine belong to the Rhinella festae group. Over the ...past decade, there has been increasing evidence of cryptic diversity within this group, particularly in the context of Andean forms. Specimens of Rhinella collected in high Andean forests on both slopes of the Central Cordillera in Colombia belong to an undescribed species, Rhinella kumanday sp. nov. Genetic analyses using the mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene indicated that the individuals belong to the festae species group. However, they can be distinguished from other closely related species such as Rhinella paraguas and Rhinella tenrec by a combination of morphological traits including the presence of tarsal fold, a moderate body size, and substantial genetic divergence in the 16S rRNA gene (> 5%). Through this integrative approach, the specimens from the Central Cordillera of Colombia are considered an evolutionary divergent lineage that is sister to R. paraguas, and described as a new species. Rhinella kumanday sp. nov. is restricted to the Central Cordillera of Colombia inhabiting both slopes in the departments of Caldas and Tolima, in an elevational range between 2420 and 3758 m. With the recognition of this new species, the genus Rhinella now comprises 93 species with 23 of them found in Colombia, and ten species endemic to the country.
Plecturocebus caquetensis (Defler, Bueno, and García, 2010) is a Neotropical primate commonly called the Caquetá titi monkey. It is small-sized with long, soft pelage of mixed coloration including ...grayish and buffy brown to agouti tones. It lacks the blackish or whitish band that is present on the forehead of closely related species. The tail is agouti-colored and slightly banded at its base. Endemic to the Amazonian region of Colombia with a distribution in areas near the eastern slopes of the Eastern and Central Cordillera of the Andes, P. caquetensis is confirmed in 104 localities in the departments of Cauca and Caquetá in Colombia. P. caquetensis is considered “Critically Endangered” (CR) by the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources.
Se actualiza la diversidad de especies de mamíferos de Colombia con base en una nueva revisión de especímenes en las mayores colecciones del país y el extranjero y la compilación de cambios ...taxonómicos recientes que involucran especies presentes en el país. El resultado de estos cambios es un total de 492 especies nativas, que representa un incremento neto de 62 especies respecto a la lista previamente existente (año 2000), lo cual es proporcionalmente mayor al resultado de actualizaciones en otros países neotropicales. Aunque el nivel de conocimiento difiere notoriamente entre grupos, proveemos algunos indicadores generales, como diversidad a nivel de los órdenes, endemismo, patrones de distribución y estado de conservación. La mayor riqueza de especies se da en los órdenes Chiroptera (198 spp.) y Rodentia (122 spp.), pero hay 23 especies endémicas de roedores, contra solo siete de murciélagos. Dependiendo de la naturaleza y escala de las evaluaciones, 39 (MAVDT) a 52 (UICN) especies de mamíferos colombianos se consideran en situación de peligro. Las mayores amenazas continúan siendo la deforestación, así como la cacería y el comercio ilegal.
The western or desert red bat,
, is a cryptic insectivore species distributed in the Neotropics from Mexico south through Central America to Panama.
was long considered a subspecies of the red bat,
, ...but recently it was elevated to full-species status based on genetic information. Here we present evidence of the presence of
in the Andean Region of Colombia, confirming the species' presence in South America; the new record, from 3836 m a.s.l., is also the highest elevation known for the species. We suggest that
might be widely distributed in trans-Andean areas of Colombia, Ecuador, Venezuela, and perhaps Peru and Bolivia. However, a review and exploration of additional morphological traits to identify the species are necessary because of the uncertainty of the distribution of
.
The genus
(Bufonidae) comprises 92 species of Neotropical toads. In Colombia,
is represented by 22 recognized species, of which nine belong to the
group. Over the past decade, there has been ...increasing evidence of cryptic diversity within this group, particularly in the context of Andean forms. Specimens of
collected in high Andean forests on both slopes of the Central Cordillera in Colombia belong to an undescribed species,
Genetic analyses using the mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene indicated that the individuals belong to the
species group. However, they can be distinguished from other closely related species such as
and
by a combination of morphological traits including the presence of tarsal fold, a moderate body size, and substantial genetic divergence in the 16S rRNA gene (> 5%). Through this integrative approach, the specimens from the Central Cordillera of Colombia are considered an evolutionary divergent lineage that is sister to
, and described as a new species.
is restricted to the Central Cordillera of Colombia inhabiting both slopes in the departments of Caldas and Tolima, in an elevational range between 2420 and 3758 m. With the recognition of this new species, the genus
now comprises 93 species with 23 of them found in Colombia, and ten species endemic to the country.
La Colección de Mamíferos del Museo de Historia Natural de la Universidad de Caldas (MHN-UCa) alberga 3287 especímenes de mamíferos pertenecientes a 12 órdenes, 41 familias (38 nativas y 3 exóticas), ...134 géneros (128 nativos y 6 exóticos) y 228 especies (7 exóticas). Los especímenes proceden de 23 departamentos del país. La colección es la más antigua y grande de este tipo en el Eje Cafetero y ha sido empleada en al menos 30 publicaciones científicas.
The Coffee Region of Colombia is one of the most representative areas of the country due to its cultural appeal. 200 of the 528 mammal species in the country occur in this region. Pre-existing ...knowledge about the group in this region has been obtained through indirect and direct sampling methods. We present new records of mammals of the “Reserva Forestal Protectora Bosques de la Central Hidroeléctrica de Caldas (CHEC)”, located in the Coffee Region, based on vouchered citizen science records. To accomplish this, we held training workshops on the relevance of information provided by non-invasive vouchers for mammal collections that include bone remains, hairs, skin and other signs that can be found incidentally in the field by park rangers and other staff of the Reserve. In addition, we included photographic and video records of mammals taken by park rangers before and after the training workshops. We added vouchers obtained by the park rangers to the biological collection of the Natural History Museum of the Universidad de Caldas (MHN-UCa). Using this method, we obtained records of 34 mammalian species belonging to 20 families and 11 orders. We highlight the obtention of museum preserved vouchers of the Northern Naked-tailed Armadillo,
Cabassous centralis
(Miller 1899), and the Cauca Slender Opossum,
Marmosops caucae
(Thomas 1900), that had limited samples in national collections or had not been previously collected in the study area. With this work, a contribution network with the CHEC reserve staff was established, promoting the inclusion of these agents in the development of scientific research, and showing the relevance of collaborative science in assisting with filling information gaps about medium and large mammals.
Bat ectoparasites have a complex natural history narrowly tied to their hosts at ecological, behavioral, and evolutionary scales. As flying and social organisms, bats represent a potential mechanism ...of dispersal, a source of feeding, and a roost for ectoparasite reproduction. The chiggerflea Hectopsylla pulex (Siphonaptera: Tungidae) is widely distributed across the Neotropics. Females of this ectoparasite have been found in their neosomal form on bats of the family Molossidae, Noctilionidae, Phyllostomidae, and Vespertilionidae. Here we present the record of infestation of chiggerfleas on the Argentine bat, Eptesicus furinalis (Vespertilionidae) in Colombia, representing the first record of the flea on this species, and providing novel genetic information of this poorly known flea species.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Display omitted
•15 Bufotes species dissected by genomics and multiple genetic/biometric datasets.•Widespread mitochondrial replacements and the super-cryptic species concept.•Diverse but asymmetric ...origins of allopolyploid hybrid species.•A discontinuous speciation continuum across 10 pairs of hybridizing lineages.•Major taxonomic revisions, including the descriptions of two new species.
The radiation of Palearctic green toads (Bufotes) holds great potential to evaluate the role of hybridization in phylogeography at multiple stages along the speciation continuum. With fifteen species representing three ploidy levels, this model system is particularly attractive to examine the causes and consequences of allopolyploidization, a prevalent yet enigmatic pathway towards hybrid speciation. Despite substantial efforts, the evolutionary history of this species complex remains largely blurred by the lack of consistency among the corresponding literature. To get a fresh, comprehensive view on Bufotes phylogeography, here we combined genome-wide multilocus analyses (RAD-seq) with an extensive compilation of mitochondrial, genome size, niche modelling, distribution and phenotypic (bioacoustics, morphometrics, toxin composition) datasets, representing hundreds of populations throughout Eurasia. We provide a fully resolved nuclear phylogeny for Bufotes and highlight exceptional cyto-nuclear discordances characteristic of complete mtDNA replacement (in 20% of species), mitochondrial surfing during post-glacial expansions, and the formation of homoploid hybrid populations. Moreover, we traced the origin of several allopolyploids down to species level, showing that all were exclusively fathered by the West Himalayan B. latastii but mothered by several diploid forms inhabiting Central Asian lowlands, an asymmetry consistent with hypotheses on mate choice and Dobzhansky-Muller incompatibilities. Their intermediate call phenotypes potentially allowed for rapid reproductive isolation, while toxin compositions converged towards the ecologically-closest parent. Across the radiation, we pinpoint a stepwise progression of reproductive isolation through time, with a threshold below which hybridizability is irrespective of divergence (<6My), above which species barely admix and eventually evolve different mating calls (6–10My), or can successfully cross-breed through allopolyploidization (>15My). Finally, we clarified the taxonomy of Bufotes (including genetic analyses of type series) and formally described two new species, B. cypriensis sp. nov. (endemic to Cyprus) and B. perrini sp. nov. (endemic to Central Asia). Embracing the genomic age, our framework marks the advent of a new exciting era for evolutionary research in these iconic amphibians.
PDF
