Haliclona tubifera, marine sponge species abundant in Brazilian coastline, presents only a few papers published in the literature. Recently, we have reported the isolation of two modified C18 ...sphingoid bases: (2R,3R,6R,7Z)-2-aminooctadec-7-ene-1,3, 6-triol and and (2R,3R,6R)-2-aminooctadec-1,3,6-triol. In order to continue our research, in this work aimed at the biological investigation of fractions that led to the isolation of these compounds. We evaluated the cytotoxic effect of marine sponge H. tubifera fractions in glioma (U87) and neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) human cell lines. In addition, considering the link between cancer, imbalance of reactive oxygen species and coagulation disorders, we also investigated the in vitro effects on blood coagulation and their redox properties. We showed that the ethyl acetate (EtOAc) fraction, rich in sphingoid bases, had important cytotoxic effects in both cancer cell lines with an IC50 < 15 μg/mL and also can inhibit the production of peroxyl radicals. Interestingly, this fraction increased the recalcification time of human blood, showing anticoagulant properties. The present study indicates the sphingosines fraction as a promising source of chemical prototypes, especially multifunctional drugs in cancer therapy.
Erythrina L. genus (Fabaceae) comprises about 115 species, and it has been extensively studied, mainly because of its alkaloids, which have pharmacological properties. References demonstrated that ...Erythrina spp. have a potential to act in the central nervous system, presenting anxiolytic and anticonvulsant properties already established. Phytochemical investigations confirmed the presence of tetracyclic alkaloids as the major compounds. However, other alkaloid classes have also been reported, including dimeric and trimeric substances, coupled through direct polymerization or two erythrinine units via an acetyl glucose. The present review covers the relevant literature from 1990 until 2017 and outlines the current data on chemical composition and preclinical and clinical studies on Erythrina species. Additionally, the quite striking analogy in the biosynthetic route of erythrin, morphinans, and Amaryllidaceae family alkaloids was also discussed.
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•An HPLC-DAD method for alkaloid quantification of E. verna trunk barks was validated.•11-hydroxyerythratidinone was identified as the major compound of E. verna.•The alkaloid ...extraction of E. verna was optimized by a Box-Behnken design.•The predicted optimal yield was 0.625 g% of alkaloids.•The second-order polynomial model showed a predictive capacity of 95.57%.
The Erythrina genus is well studied due to the presence of tetracyclic alkaloids with anxiolytic properties. Erythrina verna and other species are known by the collective popular name “mulungu”. Thus, it is very important to establish analytical methods to standardize marketed herbal products. The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a method by HPLC-DAD for quantification of total alkaloid content of E. verna Vell. trunk barks. It also sought the chemical characterization of E. verna fraction of total alkaloids (FTA). In order to maximize the yield of the total alkaloid content from E. verna, a three-level three-factor Box-Behnken design (BBD) was employed to determine the optimal conditions for dynamic maceration. The HPLC-DAD method was validated using galantamine hydrobromide as internal standard, and showed to be linear, precise, accurate, specific, and robust. GC–MS and HRMS-ESI analyses identified the alkaloids 11-hydroxyerythravine (1), 11-hydroxyerythratidinone (2), 3-demetoxyerythratidinone (3), erythratidinone (4), and dihydroerysotrine (5). The HPLC method developed enabled us to distinguish E. verna barks from other species (E. velutina and E. falcata) and different parts of E. verna (barks, flowers and leaves). For BBD design, it was applied plant:solvent ratio (X1), extraction time (X2), and granulometry (X3) as factors. The adjusted regression coefficient (R2 = 0.9404) and the lack-of-fit test (P > 0.05) showed a good accuracy of the derived model and no inadequacy was detected, being adequate to explain the data. Linear terms of XI, X2, and quadratic terms related to it were statistically significant (P < 0.05). On the other hand, only the linear term of X3 showed to affect the extraction yield of alkaloids. The predicted optimal yield was 0.625 g% using plant:solvent ratio of 1:60 (m/v), 5.47 h, and granulometry range of 710–1000 μm. The second-order polynomial model showed a predictive capacity of 95.57%. Bearing in mind that there is no available pharmacopoeia data for E. verna barks, these results may be useful for quality control and for maximizing yields of alkaloids for industry purpose.
The cultivation of
Vitis
(Vitaceae) grape varieties is one of the most important economic activities in agribusiness in southern Brazil.
Vitis
varieties are rich in polyphenolic compounds with ...several pharmacological and biological activities, such as antioxidant action. In this context, this study analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively the anthocyans and flavonoids found in the leaves of grape varieties
Vitis vinifera
and
Vitis labrusca
. For this purpose, vine leaf extracts were prepared and the chemical profile of each was characterized by LC/MS-MS. Two high performance liquid chromatography-validated methods were performed using UV/VIS-LC-DAD detector to quantify phenolic compounds. The main anthocyanins isolated from vine leaves were cyanidin-3-
O
-glucoside and peonidin-3-
O
-glucoside. The flavonoids identified were rutin, quercetin-3-
O
-galactoside, quercetin-3-
O
-glucoside, and quercetin-3-
O
-glucuronide, which was the predominant compound. The Waters X-Terra® RP18 column allowed the effective separation of quercetin-3-
O
-glucuronide from the other flavonoids for the first time, besides the partial separation of quercetin-3-
O
-galactoside from quercetin-3-
O
-glucoside. Furthermore, another phenolic compound was confirmed by MS spectrometry, using direct infusion, as being
trans
-caftaric acid. The present study also investigates the antichemotactic activity in vitro of grape crude extracts, fractions, and isolated compounds. It was demonstrated that almost all fractions and isolated compounds showed increased antichemotactic effect in response to LPS with a more pronounced values of IC
50
for anthocyanins fraction, rutin, quercetin-3-
O
-galactoside, and
trans
-caftaric acid (0.9, 1.6, 3.7, and 5.1 ng/mL, respectively).
The reaction gammap-->pi(+)pi(0)n has been measured at MAMI for photon energies up to 820 MeV. Invariant mass spectra of the particles in the final state (pi(+)n), (pi(0)n), (pi(+)pi(0)) have been ...determined for several bins of incident photon energy. Differences in pi(+)pi(0) and simultaneously measured pi(0)pi(0) invariant mass distributions are assigned to a rho branch of the D13(1520) nucleon resonance.
Objectives
Marine sponges are among the most promising sources of chemically diversified fatty acids (FAs). In addition, several studies have shown the effect of polyunsaturated FAs on cancer ...therapy. This research carried out a biological and chemical evaluation of the sponge Scopalina ruetzleri collected on the South Brazilian coastline.
Methods
Bioassay‐guided fractionation of S. ruetzleri was performed in human glioma (U87) and neuroblastoma (SH‐SY5Y) cell lines, and the in‐vitro effects on free radicals were evaluated.
Key findings
The ethyl acetate fraction of S. ruetzleri showed promising cytotoxic effects in cancer cell lines, with IC50 < 20 μg/ml. Fingerprint 1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) analysis showed that this fraction is mainly constituted of FAs. Through FA methyl ester analysis, it was possible to identify 32 FAs. In addition, some minor unusual FAs for the marine biosphere were identified. The results of conjugated dienes method showed that FAs fraction, at concentrations above 50 μg/ml, has a pro‐oxidant effect, indicating that lipid peroxidation may be partially responsible for the mechanism of cytotoxicity on cancer cells.
Conclusion
This work also contributes to studies that focus on the application of FAs on cancer therapy as a new adjuvant to radio or chemotherapy, or as a chemotherapeutic agent.
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