The first example of Rh(III)-catalyzed cyclization of arylnitrones to indolines under external oxidant-free conditions is presented. An intermolecular coupling of arylnitrones with internal alkynes ...is made possible by the dual role of the Cp*Rh(III) catalyst mediating both the C–H bond activation and O-atom transfer. Synthetically important and pharmacologically privileged indoline derivatives were obtained in good yields with high diastereoselectivity.
Diets containing high proportions of fruits and vegetables reduce the risk of onset of chronic diseases. The role of herbal medicines in improving human health is gaining popularity over the years, ...which also increases the need for safety and efficiency of these products. Green leafy vegetables (GLVs) are the richest source of phenolic compounds with excellent antioxidant properties. Increased consumption of diets containing phenolic compounds may give positive and better results to human health and significantly improves the immune system. Highly selective, susceptible and versatile analytical techniques are necessary for extraction, identification, and quantification of phenolic compounds from plant extracts, which helps to utilize their important biological properties. Recent advances in the pre-treatment procedures, separation techniques and spectrometry methods are used for qualitative and quantitative analysis of phenolic compounds. The online coupling of liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry (LC–MS) has become a useful tool in the metabolic profiling of plant samples. In this review, the separation and identification of phenolic acids and flavonoids from GLVs by LC–MS have been discussed along with the general extraction procedures and other sources of mass spectrometer used. The review is devoted to the understanding of the structural configuration, nature and accumulation pattern of phenolic acids and flavonoids in plants and to highlighting the recent developments in the chemical investigation of these compounds by chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques. It concludes with the advantages of the combination of these two methods and prospects.
In this part of the research work, the Taguchi approach is used to analyze the weight wear loss of PF-based 10% chemically treated saguvani wood-polymer composite under dry sliding conditions. The ...fabrication of PF-based wood-polymer composite consisting of 10% chemically treated saguvani wood particles as reinforcement material filled with coconut shell powder is used. The rotary-drum-type blender is used for uniform mixing of reinforcement materials with resin as per the calculated volume ratio. The inclusion of coconut shell powder as secondary particles in the PF-based wood plastic composite minimizes the wearability of the composite. The Taguchi method is used successfully to analyze the wear behavior of the PF-based wood-polymer composite with sliding speed, load, and sliding distance as control parameters. The experimental work reveals that the composite C1 shows minimum wear loss compared to the other composite specimens, C2 and C3. And the most influential parameter that causes more wear is the sliding distance among the three control parameters.
Diabetes is the "mother of all diseases" as it affects multiple organs of body of an individual in some way. Its timely detection and management are critically important. Otherwise, the long run, it ...can cause several complications in a diabetic. Heart disease is one of the major complications of diabetes.This work proposed an Optimal Scrutiny Boosted Graph Convolutional LSTM (O-SBGC-LSTM), SBGC-LSTM enhanced by Eurygaster Optimization Algorithm (EOA) to tune hyperparameters for early prevention and detection of diabetes disease. This work proposed an Optimal Scrutiny Boosted Graph Convolutional LSTM (O-SBGC-LSTM), SBGC-LSTM enhanced by Eurygaster Optimization Algorithm (EOA) to tune hyperparameters for early prevention and detection of diabetes disease. This method not only captures discriminative features in spatial configuration and temporal dynamics but also explore the co-occurrence relationship between spatial and temporal domains. This method also presents a temporal hierarchical architecture to increase temporal receptive fields of top SBGC-LSTM layer, which boosts the ability to learn high-level semantic representation and significantly reduces computation cost. The performance of O-SBGC-LSTM was found overall to be satisfactory, reaching >98% accuracy in most studies. In comparison with classic machine learning approaches, proposed hybrid DL was found to achieve better performance in almost all studies that reported such comparison outcomes. Furthermore, prevention is better than cure. Additionally, employed fuzzy based inference techniques to enhance the prevention procedure using suggestion table.
Inadequate quality of care in healthcare facilities is one of the primary causes of patient mortality in low- and middle-income countries, and understanding the behavior of healthcare providers is ...key to addressing it. Much of the existing research concentrates on improving resource-focused issues, such as staffing or training, but these interventions do not fully close the gaps in quality of care. By contrast, there is a lack of knowledge regarding the full contextual and internal drivers-such as social norms, beliefs, and emotions-that influence the clinical behaviors of healthcare providers. We aimed to provide two conceptual frameworks to identify such drivers, and investigate them in a facility setting where inadequate quality of care is pronounced. Using immersion interviews and a novel decision-making game incorporating concepts from behavioral science, we systematically and qualitatively identified an extensive set of contextual and internal behavioral drivers in staff nurses working in reproductive, maternal, newborn, and child health (RMNCH) in government public health facilities in Uttar Pradesh, India. We found that the nurses operate in an environment of stress, blame, and lack of control, which appears to influence their perception of their role as often significantly different from the RMNCH program's perspective. That context influences their perceptions of risk for themselves and for their patients, as well as self-efficacy beliefs, which could lead to avoidance of responsibility, or incorrect care. A limitation of the study is its use of only qualitative methods, which provide depth, rather than prevalence estimates of findings. This exploratory study identified previously under-researched contextual and internal drivers influencing the care-related behavior of staff nurses in public facilities in Uttar Pradesh. We recommend four types of interventions to close the gap between actual and target behaviors: structural improvements, systemic changes, community-level shifts, and interventions within healthcare facilities.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The present analysis reports the clinical, pathological, treatment profile and overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) outcomes of consecutive breast cancer patients from three Indian ...centres, who underwent curative surgery as their first treatment. Among the 3453 patients, stage I, II, and III cases were 11.75%, 66.79%, and 21.64%, respectively while hormone receptor positive/HER2 negative, triple negative (TNBC) and hormone receptor any/HER2 positive cases were 55.2%, 24.2% and 20.6%, respectively. The five-year OS in the entire cohort, node-negative and node-positive patients were 94.1% (93.25-94.98), 96.17% (95.2-97.15) and 91.83% (90.36-93.31), respectively, and the corresponding DFS were 88.1% (86.96-89.31), 92.0% (90.64-93.39) and 83.93% (82.03-85.89), respectively. The five-year OS in hormone receptor positive/HER2 negative, TNBC and HER2 subgroups were 96.11% (95.12-97.1), 92.74% (90.73-94.8) and 90.62% (88.17-93.15), respectively, and the corresponding DFS were 91.59% (90.19-93.02), 85.46% (82.79-88.22) and 81.29% (78.11-84.61), respectively. This is the largest dataset of early breast cancer patients from India with survival outcome analysis and can therefore serve as a benchmark for future studies.
Though microalgae and macroalgae are considered as a potential feedstock for biofuel and industrially important co-products extraction, still there are several research barriers on the ...commercialization of algae-based fuels and products. Based on these bottlenecks, this review underpins the biochemical composition of micro- and macroalgae regarding biofuel production and bioactive compounds extraction. Further, the second chapter summarizes the various cultivation systems for rapid generation of macroalgal biomass. Micro- and macroalgae are untapped for bioenergy production to assess the feasibility of future green fuel sustainability. In general, algae were considered as a potential source for various applications worldwide owing to their rich and enormous bioactive potential. Therefore, a separate section devoted to recognize the crucial role and biological activities of primary and secondary metabolites in micro- and macroalgal species, their significant contribution as functional foods or therapeutic agents in nutraceutical and pharmaceutical industries. The extensive discussion on the phenolics, flavonoids and pharmacological properties of other bioactive compounds extracted from microalgae has been provided. Further, carbohydrates, proteins (phycobiliproteins and phycoerythrin) and their organic extraction from macroalgal strains (seaweeds) were well described. This review paper describes the importance of bioactive compounds and their value in the various other markets besides biofuel production.
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•Insights on biochemical composition of micro- and macroalgae were given.•Flaws in bioenergy production from microalgae and macroalgae were addressed.•Bioactive compounds from microalgae and their applications were presented.•Algal co-products in pharmacology and nutraceutical were critically discussed.•High-value products of macroalgae and their extraction were reviewed and described.
In India, although the proportion of institutional births is increasing, there are concerns regarding quality of care. We assessed the effectiveness of a nurse-led onsite mentoring program in ...improving quality of care of institutional births in 24/7 primary health centres (PHCs that are open 24 hours a day, 7 days a week) of two high priority districts in Karnataka state, South India. Primary outcomes were improved facility readiness and provider preparedness in managing institutional births and associated complications during child birth.
All functional 24/7 PHCs in the two districts were included in the study. We used a parallel, cluster randomized trial design in which 54 of 108 facilities received six onsite mentoring visits, along with an initial training update and specially designed case sheets for providers; the control arm received just the initial training update and the case sheets. Pre- and post-intervention surveys were administered in April-2012 and August-2013 using facility audits, provider interviews and case sheet audits. The provider interviews were administered to all staff nurses available at the PHCs and audits were done of all the filled case sheets during the month prior to data collection. In addition, a cost analysis of the intervention was undertaken.
Between the surveys, we achieved coverage of 100% of facilities and 91.2% of staff nurse interviews. Since the case sheets were newly designed, case-sheet audit data were available only from the end line survey for about 80.2% of all women in the intervention facilities and 57.3% in the control facilities. A higher number of facilities in the intervention arm had all appropriate drugs, equipment and supplies to deal with gestational hypertension (19 vs.3, OR (odds ratio) 9.2, 95% C.I 2.5 to33.6), postpartum haemorrhage (29 vs. 12, OR 3.7, 95% C.I 1.6 to8.3); and obstructed labour (25 vs.9, OR 3.4, 95% CI 1.6 to8.3). The providers in the intervention arm had better knowledge of active management of the third stage of labour (82.4% vs.35.8%, AOR (adjusted odds ratio) 10, 95% C.I 5.5 to 18.2); management of maternal sepsis (73.5% vs. 10.9%, AOR 36.1, 95% C.I 13.6 to 95.9); neonatal resuscitation (48.5% vs.11.7%, AOR 10.7, 95% C.I 4.6 to 25.0) and low birth weight newborn care (58.1% vs. 40.9%, AOR 2.4, 95% C.I 1.2 to 4.7). The case sheet audits revealed that providers in the intervention arm showed greater compliance with the protocols during labour monitoring (77.3% vs. 32.1%, AOR 25.8, 95% C.I 9.6 to 69.4); delivery and immediate post-partum care for mothers (78.6% vs. 31.8%, AOR 22.1, 95% C.I 8.0 to 61.4) and for newborns (73.9% vs. 32.8%, AOR 24.1, 95% C.I 8.1 to 72.0). The cost analysis showed that the intervention cost an additional $5.60 overall per delivery.
The mentoring program successfully improved provider preparedness and facility readiness to deal with institutional births and associated complications. It is feasible to improve the quality of institutional births at a large operational scale, without substantial incremental costs.
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02004912.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The direct release of industrial effluent into the water and other anthropogenic activities causes water pollution. Heavy metal ions are the primary contaminant in the industrial effluents which are ...exceptionally toxic at low concentrations, terribly disturb the endurance equilibrium of activities in the eco-system and be remarkably hazardous to human health. Different conventional treatment methodologies were utilized for the removal of toxic pollutants from the contaminated water which has several drawbacks such as cost-ineffective and lower efficiency. Recently, genetically modified micro-organisms (GMMs) stand-out for the removal of toxic heavy metals are viewed as an economically plausible and environmentally safe technique. GMMs are microorganisms whose genetic material has been changed utilizing genetic engineering techniques that exhibit enhanced removal efficiency in comparison with the other treatment methodologies. The present review comments the GMMs such as bacteria, algae and fungi and their potential for the removal of toxic heavy metals. This review provides current aspects of different advanced molecular tools which have been used to manipulate micro-organisms through genetic expression for the breakdown of metal compounds in polluted areas. The strategies, major limitations and challenges for genetic engineering of micro-organisms have been reviewed. The current review investigates the approaches working on utilizing genetically modified micro-organisms and effective removal techniques.
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•Novel methodology on the removal of heavy metals were detailed.•GMOs are higher effective and considered as promising technique for heavy metal removal.•Extensive improvement of genetically modified micro-organisms by advanced molecular tools was summarized.•Genetic modification permits revamping microbial scavengers for the removal of hazardous pollutants.•Major limitations and challenges in genetic modification have been summarized for large-scale applications.
Water electrolysis encounters a challenging problem in designing a highly efficient, long durable, non-noble metal-free electrocatalyst for both oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution ...reaction (HER). Here, in our work, a two-step hydrothermal reaction was performed to construct a hierarchal NiFe-layer double hydroxide (LDH)/CuS over copper foam for the overall water splitting reaction. While employed the same as an anode material, the designed heterostructure electrode NiFe-LDH/CuS/Cu exhibits excellent OER performance and it demands 249 mV overpotential to reach a current density of 50 mA cm–2 with a lower Tafel slope value of 81.84 mV dec–1. While as a cathode material, the NiFe-LDH/CuS/Cu shows superior HER performance and it demands just 28 mV of overpotential value to reach a current density of 10 mA cm–2 and a lower Tafel slope value of 95.98 mV dec–1. Hence, the NiFe-LDH/CuS/Cu outperforms the commercial Pt/C and RuO2 in terms of activity in HER and OER, respectively. Moreover, when serving as both the cathode and anode catalysts in an electrolyzer for total water splitting, the synthesized electrode only needs a cell potential of 1.55 V versus RHE to reach a current density of 20 mA cm–2 and long-term durability for 25 h in alkaline media. To study the interfacial electron transfer, Mott–Schottky experiments were performed, representing that the electron is transferred from n-type NiFe-LDH to p-type CuS as a result of creating the p–n junction in NiFe-LDH/CuS/Cu. The formation of this p–n junction allows the LDH layer to be more active toward the OH– adsorption and thereby could allow the OER or HER with a less energy input. This work affords another route to a cost effective, highly efficient catalyst toward producing clean energy across the globe.
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