After the first wave of COVID-19, the Spanish Society of Thoracic Surgeons (SECT) surveyed its members to assess the impact of the pandemic on thoracic oncology surgery in Spain. In May 2020, all ...SECT members were invited to complete an online, 40-item, multiple choice questionnaire. The questionnaire was developed by the SECT Scientific Committee and sent via email. The overall response rate was 19.2%. The respondents answered at least 91.5% of the items, with only one exception (a question about residents). Most respondents (89.3%) worked in public hospitals. The reported impact of the pandemic on routine clinical activity was considered extreme or severe by 75.5% of respondents (25.5% and 50%, respectively). Multidisciplinary tumour boards were held either with fewer members attending or through electronic platforms (44.6% and 35.9%, respectively). Surgical activity decreased by 95.7%, with 41.5% of centers performing surgery only on oncological patients and 11.7% only in emergencies. Nearly 60% of respondents reported modifying standard protocols for early-stage cancer and in the preoperative workup. Most centers (≈80%) reported using full personal protective equipment when operating on COVID-19 positive patients. The COVID-19 pandemic severely affected thoracic oncology surgery in Spain. The lack of common protocols led to a variable care delivery to lung cancer patients.
To study the impact of neoadjuvant therapies on postoperative complications and mortality among non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients subjected to anatomic lung resection and included in the ...Spanish cohort of the video-assisted thoracic surgery (GE-VATS) multicenter database.
The study included a total of 3085 patients from 33 centers between December 2016 and March 2018. We performed a comparative analysis of the complications and mortality in patients who received neoadjuvant therapies (n = 263) versus those who did not (n = 2822). A propensity score-matched analysis was used to adjust for potential confounders. Association between exposure in two groups and outcomes were estimated by logistic regression weighted by inverse of probability of receiving the treatment that actually received.
In the unadjusted analysis, the chemotherapy (CT) and chemoradiotherapy (CRT) group presented a higher frequency of ICU readmissions, reinterventions, empyema, cardiovascular complications, a greater frequency of atrial fibrillation, and an increased need for blood product transfusions. In the adjusted group, CT and CRT patients had a higher rate of cardiovascular complications (CT p = 0.002; OR 2.29; 95% CI 1.34–3.94 and CRT p = 0.001; OR 2.90; 95% CI 1.52-5-52), arrhythmias (CT p = 0.013; OR 2.23; 95% CI 1.18–4.20 and CRT p = 0.046; OR 2.22; 95% CI 1.01–4.90) and transfussions (CT p = 0.042; OR 2.95; 95% CI 1.04–8.35 and CRT p < 0.001; OR 7.74; 95% CI 3.01-19-92).
Based on our series, neoadjuvant CT and CRT were associated with a higher rate of cardiovascular complications, arrhythmias and transfussions in patients with NSCLC subjected to anatomic lung resection.
The most effective treatment for lung cancer is complete lung resection, although recurrences reach up to 10% and the appearance of second neoplasms, up to 6%. Therefore, the follow-up of these ...patients will be essential for the early detection and treatment of these events; however, there is no definition of the form, time and cadence of these follow-ups. In this consensus document, we try to define them based on the available scientific evidence. A critical review of the literature is carried out (meta-analysis, systematic reviews, reviews, consensus recommendations of scientific societies, randomized controlled studies, non-randomized controlled studies, observational studies and case series studies) and communications to the main congresses on oncology and thoracic surgery in Spanish, English and French. The evidences found are classified following the GRADE system. It is defined according to the existing evidence that the patient resected for lung cancer should be followed up, as well as that this follow-up should be close during the first years and with CT (not being necessary to follow up with PET-CT, biomarkers or bronchoscopy). Cessation of smoking is also recommended in this follow-up.
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The optimal surgical approach for second primary metachronous lung cancer (MPLC) remains unclear. Our aim is to evaluate the morbidity and prognostic value based on the extent of ...surgical resection in MPLC.
Retrospective study of 84 patients with a history of anatomical resection for lung cancer and MPLC surgically treated between January 2010 and December 2020.
The interval between the initial primary tumor and the second was 50.38±32.89 months. The second resection was contralateral in 43 patients (51.2%) and ipsilateral in 41 (48.8%). Thirty-six patients (42.9%) underwent a second anatomical resection, and in 48 patients (57.1%), it was non-anatomical. Postoperative complications were observed in 29 patients (34.5%) after the second lung resection. According to the Clavien-Dindo classification, 95.2% were mild (Clavien-Dindo I–II), and a single patient died (1.2%) in the postoperative period (Grade V). Prolonged air leak (p=0.037), postoperative arrhythmias (p=0.019) and hospital stay showed significant differences depending on the extent of surgery in ipsilateral resections. The main histological type was adenocarcinoma (47.6%) and the median tumor size was 17.74±11.74mm. The overall survival was 58.07 months (95% CI 49.29–66.85) for patients undergoing anatomical resection and 50.97 months (95% CI 43.31–58.63) for non-anatomical without significant differences (p=0.144). The disease-free survival after the second surgery was 53.75 months (95% CI 45.28–62.23) for anatomical resection and 41.34 months (95% CI 33.04–49.65) for non-anatomical group.
Second anatomical resections provide good long-term outcomes and have been shown to provide better disease-free survival compared to non-anatomical resections in properly selected patients.
Cáncer de pulmón Carlos Manzano; Álvaro Fuentes-Martín; María Zuil ...
Open respiratory archives,
07/2023, Letnik:
5, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Resumen: La evidencia científica durante las últimas 2 décadas respalda que la aplicación de técnicas de cribado de cáncer de pulmón mediante tomografía computarizada (TC) de tórax de baja dosis de ...radiación contribuye a una reducción significativa de la mortalidad, gracias al diagnóstico en estadios potencialmente curativos. En referencia a dicho diagnóstico, existen además métodos novedosos en estudio, como la biopsia líquida, la identificación del microbioma pulmonar y la utilización de técnicas de inteligencia artificial, que desempeñarán un papel clave en un futuro próximo. En la actualidad, existe una tendencia hacia el tratamiento con cirugías cada vez menos invasivas (segmentectomía vs. lobectomía) basada en 2 ensayos clínicos recientes en tumores periféricos menores de 2 cm. A pesar de mostrar similar supervivencia, todavía existe controversia debido a la incertidumbre en cuanto a la tasa de recidiva y reserva funcional. En cuanto a la terapia adyuvante, la inmunoterapia sola o combinada con quimioterapia ofrece resultados alentadores en estadios resecables del cáncer de pulmón localmente avanzado, con respuestas patológicas completas y mejoría en la supervivencia. Tras el tratamiento con cirugía, a pesar de que no hay evidencia sólida del seguimiento a largo plazo de estos pacientes, en la práctica clínica se recomienda la realización de TC periódicas durante los primeros años.En conclusión, en el cáncer de pulmón existen avances importantes, que han mejorado las técnicas diagnósticas utilizando nuevas tecnologías y programas de cribado. Además, el tratamiento de este cáncer cada vez es más personalizado y todo ello se traduce en una mejora de la supervivencia de los pacientes. Abstract: Over the past 2 decades, scientific evidence has strongly supported the use of low-radiation dose chest computed tomography (CT) as a screening technique for lung cancer. This approach has resulted in a significant reduction in mortality rates by enabling the detection of early-stage lung cancer amenable to potentially curative treatments. Regarding diagnosis, there are also novel methods under study, such as liquid biopsy, identification of the pulmonary microbiome, and the use of artificial intelligence techniques, which will play a key role in the near future. At present, there is a growing trend towards less invasive surgical procedures, such as segmentectomy, as an alternative to lobectomy. This procedure is based on 2 recent clinical trials conducted on peripheral tumors measuring less than 2 cm. Although these approaches have demonstrated comparable survival rates, there remains controversy due to uncertainties surrounding recurrence rates and functional capacity preservation. With regard to adjuvant therapy, immunotherapy, either as a monotherapy or in conjunction with chemotherapy, has shown encouraging results in resectable stages of locally advanced lung cancer, demonstrating complete pathologic responses and improved overall survival.After surgery treatment, despite the lack of solid evidence for long-term follow-up of these patients, clinical practice recommends periodic CT scans during the early years.In conclusion, there have been significant advances in lung cancer that have improved diagnostic techniques using new technologies and screening programs. Furthermore, the treatment of lung cancer is increasingly personalized, resulting in an improvement in the survival of patients.
Introduction
Recent advances in the treatment of locally advanced NSCLC have led to changes in the standard of care for this disease. For the selection of the best approach strategy for each patient, ...it is necessary the homogenization of diagnostic and therapeutic interventions, as well as the promotion of the evaluation of patients by a multidisciplinary oncology team.
Objective
Development of an expert consensus document with suggestions for the approach and treatment of locally advanced NSCLC leaded by Spanish Lung Cancer Group GECP.
Methods
Between March and July 2023, a panel of 28 experts was formed. Using a mixed technique (Delphi/nominal group) under the guidance of a coordinating group, consensus was reached in 4 phases: 1. Literature review and definition of discussion topics 2. First round of voting 3. Communicating the results and second round of voting 4. Definition of conclusions in nominal group meeting. Responses were consolidated using medians and interquartile ranges. The threshold for agreement was defined as 85% of the votes.
Results
New and controversial situations regarding the diagnosis and management of locally advanced NSCLC were analyzed and reconciled based on evidence and clinical experience. Discussion issues included: molecular diagnosis and biomarkers, radiologic and surgical diagnosis, mediastinal staging, role of the multidisciplinary thoracic committee, neoadjuvant treatment indications, evaluation of response to neoadjuvant treatment, postoperative evaluation, and follow-up.
Conclusions
Consensus clinical suggestions were generated on the most relevant scenarios such as diagnosis, staging and treatment of locally advanced lung cancer, which will serve to support decision-making in daily practice.
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