Incremental and online learning algorithms are more relevant in the data mining context because of the increasing necessity to process data streams. In this context, the target function may change ...overtime, an inherent problem of online learning (known as concept drift). In order to handle concept drift regardless of the learning model, we propose new methods to monitor the performance metrics measured during the learning process, to trigger drift signals when a significant variation has been detected. To monitor this performance, we apply some probability inequalities that assume only independent, univariate and bounded random variables to obtain theoretical guarantees for the detection of such distributional changes. Some common restrictions for the online change detection as well as relevant types of change (abrupt and gradual) are considered. Two main approaches are proposed, the first one involves moving averages and is more suitable to detect abrupt changes. The second one follows a widespread intuitive idea to deal with gradual changes using weighted moving averages. The simplicity of the proposed methods, together with the computational efficiency make them very advantageous. We use a Naive Bayes classifier and a Perceptron to evaluate the performance of the methods over synthetic and real data.
Nowadays, low-cost accelerometers are getting more attention from civil engineers to make Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) applications affordable and applicable to a broader range of structures. ...The present accelerometers based on Arduino or Raspberry Pi technologies in the literature share some of the following drawbacks: (1) high Noise Density (ND), (2) low sampling frequency, (3) not having the Internet’s timestamp with microsecond resolution, (4) not being used in experimental eigenfrequency analysis of a flexible and a less-flexible bridge, and (5) synchronization issues. To solve these problems, a new low-cost triaxial accelerometer based on Arduino technology is presented in this work (Low-cost Adaptable Reliable Accelerometer—LARA). Laboratory test results show that LARA has a ND of 51 µg/√Hz, and a frequency sampling speed of 333 Hz. In addition, LARA has been applied to the eigenfrequency analysis of a short-span footbridge and its results are compared with those of a high-precision commercial sensor.
This paper offers a brief overview of the current state of Foucauldian work and method. The effort made tries to update the possibilities that this way of doing philosophy offers us from the notion ...of estrangement and the conception of history in Foucault. This starting point allows us to think about the objectives and foundations of Foucault's critique and the need for its constant updating and impossibility of fixation. In order to do so, we pay attention to the particularity involved in the reading and reception of Foucault's oral work, as well as its inconclusive character.
En este texto se realiza un recorrido sucinto sobre la actualidad de la obra y del método foucaultiano. El esfuerzo realizado trata de actualizar las posibilidades que esta forma de hacer filosofía nos brinda desde la noción de extrañamiento y la concepción de la historia en Foucault. Este punto de partida nos permite pensar sobre los objetivos y fundamentos de la crítica en Foucault y la necesidad de su constate actualización e imposibilidad de fijación. Para ello se atiende a la particularidad que implica la lectura y recepción del trabajo oral en Foucault, así como su caracter inconcluso.
Structural damage detection using inclinometers is getting wide attention from researchers. However, the high price of inclinometers limits this system to unique structures with a relatively high ...structural health monitoring (SHM) budget. This paper presents a novel low-cost inclinometer, the low-cost adaptable reliable angle-meter (LARA), which combines five gyroscopes and five accelerometers to measure inclination. LARA incorporates Internet of Things (IoT)-based microcontroller technology enabling wireless data streaming and free commercial software for data acquisition. This paper investigates the accuracy, resolution, Allan variance and standard deviation of LARA produced with a different number of combined circuits, including an accelerometer and a gyroscope. To validate the accuracy and resolution of the developed device, its results are compared with those obtained by numerical slope calculations and a commercial inclinometer (HI-INC) in laboratory conditions. The results of a load test experiment on a simple beam model show the high accuracy of LARA (0.003 degrees). The affordability and high accuracy of LARA make it applicable for structural damage detection on bridges using inclinometers.
Por su origen colonial, la ciudadanía en los países de América Latina presenta un escenario dual. Por un lado, la población de origen colonial y europeo y por otro, la población mestiza e indígena, ...son al menos dos realidades, dos visiones de mundo polarizadas que en la práctica han superado el anacronismo del modelo de ciudadanía propuesto por T.H. Marshall inspirado en la realidad inglesa de la industrialización. Ello devela que los países de América Latina enfrentan históricamente serias dificultades para transitar a la modernización y al progreso. Ante este escenario aquí analizamos las diferentes condiciones de vida y visiones del mundo a fin de explicar los obstáculos a la formación de ciudadanía en estos países. El análisis se hace a partir de las ocupaciones que se correlacionan en espacios comunes, en los cuales se producen distintas formas de violencia motivadas por posturas ideológicas como las guerrillas de las décadas de los 60,70 y 80 del siglo XX como ejemplo la Revolución Cubana. Hoy prevalece la “violencia común” carente de motivos ideológicos. Las ocupaciones y las violencias han dejado de lado los fines ideológicos, empero ellas constituyen los escenarios de América Latina en el siglo XXI. Metodológicamente se tomaron como base de análisis los datos sobre violencia y ocupaciones del BID, de la CEPAL y de la OCDE. Se concluye que las nuevas condiciones de las violencias y las ocupaciones constituyen los elementos formadores de una ciudadanía de supervivencia que juega a la democracia lectoral o migra como recurso de última instancia.
Tunnelling under the York University Schulich Building was one of the milestones of the Toronto-York Spadina Subway Extension Project. The challenge was to bore the tunnel under a flagship building ...only one diameter below the foundation without a compensation grouting process. Intensive finite element structural and geotechnical analyses of the building and the tunnel were performed, together with monitoring field measurements. The results showed that compensation, included in the initial design, was not necessary to ensure the building’s structural integrity. The tunnel monitoring during crossing confirmed the results of the performed analyses. The paper highlights the difficulty of deciding whether a compensation grouting is necessary or not when tunnelling under buildings and explains the procedure that was followed in this particular case.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
•The model quantifies the usually ignored cradle-to-gate impact of construction work.•It is a useful tool for comparing alternatives in terms of environmental impact.•It can be applied at both ...pre-construction and construction stages.•It can be applied to different types of infrastructure and building projects.•It can help decision makers, public administration, design & construction companies.
This paper presents a quantitative environmental impact assessment tool for the decision making of construction processes including structures, infrastructures and buildings by means of an Environmental Impact Index (EII) to be applied at design and/or construction stages. The research is based on multi-attribute utility theory, interviews with experts representatives of the different stakeholders in construction, and an analysis of fifty-nine European and Spanish environmental legislative acts. The resulting tool was applied to two construction alternatives for road drains (one precast and one cast-in-place). The findings show that the tool enables the prioritisation of construction processes and the selection of the best alternative in terms of environmental impact and that the results are stable to reasonable weight variations. The tool contributes to decision making in the context of project management in construction: it can help professionals in public administration, and design and construction companies. It helps to quantify the cradle-to-gate impact of construction work, which has usually been less studied than the operational impact in the life-cycle assessment of buildings. The tool is being piloted in construction projects of the Barcelona City Council.
The present article arises from the need to address the issue of the difficulties in citizen training particularly in countries like Mexico, in general in Latin America, which have been European ...colonies with multiethnic and multicultural populations, to which European models of being and doing have been imposed. The historical references to the concept of citizenship date back to antiquity, but when more conceptual and practical confusion appears, it is in relation to electoral processes. The last National Survey on Political Culture, conducted in 2012, and the reports of the Latinobarometro are the data for the analysis of the situation of a citizenship that does not accept the passive role in the electoral political participation. Achieving democracy through political participation represents an opportunity but also a problem that is reflected in social decomposition and violence. This reality inevitably leads to the question of whether the means and institutions exist to form citizens. To this end, the model proposed by T. H. Marshall, with some changes, continues to be an implicit foundation of the concept, political discourse, and citizen practice. The main objective is to correlate T.H. Marshall's concept of citizenship with the reality of the Mexican citizen in the 21st century.
Cet article tente de penser le geste esthétique des communautés concevant la politique comme un lieu de rencontres plutôt que de définitions. Il cherche dans la production musicale et sonore de la ...période entre le 18-O et le plébiscite de sortie les relations micropolitiques nécessaires pour que de telles productions existent, soient publiées et circulent à travers les canaux très différents qui ont rendu possibles leur participation et leur rencontre.
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