Objectives
This study aimed to evaluate whether the trajectory of family income, parental education and clinical variables are associated with the clinical consequences of untreated dental caries ...among children.
Methods
A prospective cohort study was conducted with 439 children between one and three years of age, evaluated at baseline and re‐evaluated after three years. Sociodemographic and economic variables, untreated dental caries and biofilm were investigated both at baseline and at the 3‐year follow‐up. The pufa index (pulpal involvement, ulceration, fistula and abscess) was used to diagnose the clinical consequences of untreated dental caries.
Results
The prevalence of pufa ≥1 was 18.2% in the follow‐up. The following variables were associated with a higher risk of clinical consequences of untreated dental caries: mother's low schooling level at baseline and follow‐up (RR = 1.51; 95% CI: 1.04‐2.18), incidence or baseline presence of biofilm (RR = 4.66; 95% CI: 2.02‐10.74), cavitated dental caries at baseline (RR = 3.57; 95% CI:1.86 to 6.83) and incidence of cavitated dental caries (RR = 2.04; 95% CI: 1.24‐3.35).
Conclusion
Low maternal schooling level, biofilm, cavitated dental caries at baseline, and incidence of dental caries were the factors determining the consequences of untreated dental caries.
Background/Aim
Children with excess weight may be more predisposed to traumatic dental injuries (TDI). The aim of this study was to investigate the association between overweight/obesity and TDI ...presence and severity in Brazilian preschool children.
Material and Methods
A cross‐sectional study was conducted of 347 children aged three to five years. The main exposure was evaluated based on the body mass index (BMI). Socioeconomic‐demographic characteristics and harmful oral habits were investigated using a questionnaire sent to the parents/guardians. Oral clinical examinations were performed to determine overjet (criteria proposed by Foster and Hamilton), and the presence and severity of TDI (criteria proposed by Andreassen). Descriptive statistics were performed. Univariate and multivariate Poisson regression analyses were conducted for each outcome.
Results
The prevalence of TDI in the sample was 41.5% and 16% of the children had enamel and dentin fractures. In the multivariate analysis, BMI and overjet were associated with the presence and severity of TDI (PR: 2.04 and 1.78, respectively) of TDI (PR: 2.27 and 2.24, respectively) (p < .001 for all associations).
Conclusion
Overweight/obesity was associated with both the presence and severity of TDI in early childhood.
The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate whether family income modifies associations between dental caries and sex, age, mother's education, type of preschool, sugar intake, and ...toothbrushing.
Dental caries is a multifactorial dyanamic disease primarily mediated by biofilm and sugar.
A randomly selected sample of 308 Brazilian preschool children aged 1-3 years underwent a clinical oral examination for the assessment of moderate/extensive dental caries using codes 3-6 of the International Caries Detection and Assessment System. Mothers were asked to fill out a form addressing the child's demographic and socioeconomic characteristics as well as the frequency of sugar intake. Statistical analysis involved descriptive statistics, the chi-squared test, and Poisson regression models.
The prevalence of moderate/extensive dental caries was 42.5%. The adjusted model revealed that within low-income families (<2 times the monthly minimum wage), the prevalence of dental caries was higher among children with a high frequency of sugar intake (≥ twice per day) than in those with a low frequency of sugar intake (< twice a day) (RR = 1.79; CI: 1.38-2.33). In families with higher income (≥2 times the monthly wage), no significant association between sugar intake and dental caries was, however, found.
In conclusion, monthly family income can modify the association between the high frequency of sugar intake and dental caries.
The aim of this cross‐sectional study was to evaluate the impact of dental caries on the quality of life of preschool children and their parents/caretakers, with an emphasis on the type of tooth and ...stage of progression. A randomly selected sample of preschool children, 3–5 yrs of age, underwent an oral examination for the assessment of dental caries using the International Caries Detection and Assessment System II (ICDAS II) criteria. Parents/caretakers answered two questionnaires, one on the oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL) of the child the Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (ECOHIS), and the other on the socio‐economic characteristics of the family. Statistical analyses were performed using the chi‐square test, Kruskal–Wallis test, Mann–Whitney U‐test, and Poisson regression. A total of 451 preschool children participated in the study. The majority of carious lesions exhibited severe decay (60.6%) and were found in both anterior (incisors/canines) and posterior (molars) teeth. The final Poisson model revealed negative impacts on quality of life from more advanced stages of dental caries, both in incisors/canines and molars. Child's age and household income were also associated with impact on quality of life. Carious lesions in more advanced stages of progression in anterior and posterior teeth were associated with a negative impact on the quality of life of preschool children.
Objective
To evaluate the association between the behaviour of children aged 1 to 4 years during their dental appointment and the effectiveness of dental plaque removal by caregivers.
Methods
This ...longitudinal study with intervention had the participation of 146 children (mean age = 34.89 months), 75 of whom (51.4%) showed positive behaviour (+ and ++) and 71 (48.6%), negative behaviour (− and – –). The children were evaluated at the first dental appointment, according to the Frankl scale. They were subjected to an assessment of oral conditions, and their plaque level was recorded (Quigley–Hein Index modified by Turesky) using the Evince® device. Caregivers received oral hygiene guidance. The dental plaque assessment was performed before giving the oral hygiene guidance and 14 days later. The statistical analysis included a descriptive assessment and the Wilcoxon test (p < 0.05).
Results
Mean dental plaque levels dropped significantly from the first to the second assessment (p < 0.001). The sample was divided according to the child's behaviour, observing that only the group of children with positive behaviour showed significantly less dental plaque in the second assessment (p < 0.001).
Conclusion
The positive behaviour of children aged 1 to 4 years during the first dental appointments is associated with more effective dental plaque removal by caregivers.
Aim
To determine the prevalence of probable sleep bruxism (PSB) and associated factors among schoolchildren.
Design
This cross‐sectional study was carried out with a representative sample of 440 ...schoolchildren. The children were submitted to a clinical oral examination for the evaluation of tooth wear and/or muscle discomfort. Parents/caregivers filled out a questionnaire with information related to characteristic sounds of sleep bruxism, sociodemographic factors, and the presence of harmful oral habits of children. The stress of the mothers was measured through the Lipp's Stress Symptoms Inventory for Adults (LSSI) instrument. The child's stress was measured through the Child Stress Scale (CSS). Data analysis included descriptive analysis and hierarchical Poisson regression (95% CI, P < 0.05).
Results
The prevalence of PSB was 40.0% (n = 176). The final Poisson regression model showed that PSB was significantly more prevalent in children with a history of nail biting (PR: 1.50; 95% CI: 1.19‐1.90; P = 0.001) and biting objects (PR: 1.30; 95% CI: 1.03‐1.63; P = 0.025) and less prevalent among girls (PR: 0.78; 95% CI: 0.63‐0.98; P = 0.033).
Conclusions
The prevalence of PSB in schoolchildren was high. Schoolchildren with a history of nail biting and biting objects had a higher prevalence of PSB.
Objective
This study assessed the features of the 100 most‐cited papers on oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL).
Methods
The 100 most‐cited OHRQoL papers were collected from Web of Science, ...adopting a combined keyword search strategy. Google Scholar and Scopus databases were searched to compare citations. The following data were extracted from papers: title of the paper, number of citations, authorship, country, year of publication, title of the journal, study design, sample size, topic and OHRQoL instruments used. Graphical bibliometric networks were created using VOSviewer software.
Results
The number of citations of the top 100 most‐cited OHRQoL papers ranged from 73 to 949. Fifty‐six papers received at least 100 citations and two received more than 400 citations. Most papers were from Canada (23%) and had been published in Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology (37%). David Locker was the most‐cited author (25 papers; 3,521 citations). The cross‐sectional study design was the most common (68%). The impact of oral health conditions on OHRQoL (43%) was the most frequent topic, and the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP) was the most commonly used OHRQoL instrument (48%).
Conclusions
This bibliometric analysis highlighted the characteristics of the 100 most‐cited OHRQoL papers, demonstrating that this field is far from saturated. This list of the most‐cited articles can provide a reference point to guide oral health research, education and services.
Background/Aims
Occlusal features may increase the risk of dental trauma. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the association between occlusal characteristics and the occurrence of dental ...trauma in preschool children.
Materials and Methods
A population‐based case‐control study was conducted with a representative sample of 200 children 3‐5 years of age enrolled at private and public preschools in the city of Diamantina, Brazil. The case and control groups were matched for gender, age and type of preschool (public or private) at a ratio of 1:1 (100 cases and 100 controls). Independent variables of interest to the study (occlusal characteristics) and potential confounders (sociodemographic characteristics, sucking habits and lip coverage) were investigated. Intra‐examiner and inter‐examiner kappa values were higher than 0.80 for all oral conditions evaluated. The SPSS 22.0 program was used to analyse the data. Descriptive and univariate analyses as well as simple and multiple logistic regression analyses were performed.
Results
The occlusal feature most strongly associated with trauma was anterior open bite (OR = 3.80; 95% CI: 1.42‐10.16). Maxillary anterior crowding (OR = 2.14, 95% CI: 1.00‐4.63) and overjet (OR = 1.12, 95% CI: 0.58‐2.17) were associated with the occurrence of trauma independently of the confounding variables (sociodemographic characteristics, sucking habits and lip coverage), but these variables lost their significance when adjusted for other types of malocclusion. Anterior open bite remained strongly associated with dental trauma, regardless of confounding variables and other types of malocclusion.
Conclusion
Anterior open bite was the main variable associated with dental trauma in the preschool children analysed independently of the confounding variables and the presence of other malocclusions.
ABSTRACT Objective: To identify online recommendations from pediatric and pediatric dentistry associations of the Americas regarding the pacifier habit. Material and Methods: A search was conducted ...on the associations' website (November/2021 to March/2023) to the questions: (1) Recommend using a pacifier?, (2) What care?, (3) Advantages and (4) disadvantages, (5) Ideal age, and (6) methods for habit removal. Results: Among the 36 American countries, 21 were represented on websites, social media, and official guides. The most significant portion of pediatric dentistry associations (23.81%) does not recommend the use of a pacifier if the infant is exclusively breastfeeding, and recommends avoiding the offer of a pacifier in the first days of life to facilitate the establishment of breastfeeding. Some pediatric (29.63%) associations suggested that use reduces the risk of sudden infant death syndrome. Most pediatric dentistry associations (85.71%) and some pediatric associations (22.22%) linked pacifier use to breastfeeding difficulties and the occurrence of orthodontics. Most of the 20 pediatric dentistry associations stated that the habit should be removed by a maximum of three years of age (90.48%). The most reported recommendations were behavior modification techniques and positive reinforcement. Conclusion: Most pediatric dentistry associations recommend the care and disadvantages of pacifiers and the ideal age to remove them. The few pediatric associations that provide information address indications, care, advantages and disadvantages of pacifiers, age, and methods for removing them.
Background
Knowledge on the association between developmental enamel defects (DED) and early childhood caries (ECC) has importance for the drafting of prevention measures and oral healthcare ...planning.
Aim
To compare the frequency of ECC in children with and without DED and verify their association with sociodemographic factors.
Design
This case‐control study was carried out with Brazilian children aged one to five years. The case group made up of 98 children with ECC and the control group was made up of 98 children without ECC. DED were classified in diffuse opacity, demarcated opacity and enamel hypoplasia (Developmental Defects of Enamel Index). Sociodemographic data were collected by a questionnaire answered by parents. Statistical analysis used McNemar's test and logistic regression analyses.
Results
In the bivariate analysis, ECC was more frequent among children from families with poorer socioeconomic conditions (lower monthly household income P ≤ .001 and lower maternal schooling P = .001) and among those with DED (P ≤ .001). The final logistical model showed that children with DED (OR: 1.94) and a monthly household income less than two Brazilian minimum salaries (OR: 2.24) were more likely to have ECC.
Conclusions
The occurrence of DED and lower household income were pre‐disposing factors for the occurrence of ECC.
